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Monitoring Physiological Responses in Giant Toad (Rhinella marina) from Coatzacoalcos, Mexico: A Comparative Study after 8 Years 墨西哥Coatzacoalcos巨蟾蜍(Rhinella marina)生理反应监测:8年后的比较研究
Reptiles and Amphibians Pub Date : 2018-07-18 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.75430
D. González-Mille, Omar Cruz-Santiago, G. Espinosa-Reyes, M. C. Cuevas-Díaz, I. Razo-Soto, C. Ilizaliturri-Hernández
{"title":"Monitoring Physiological Responses in Giant Toad (Rhinella marina) from Coatzacoalcos, Mexico: A Comparative Study after 8 Years","authors":"D. González-Mille, Omar Cruz-Santiago, G. Espinosa-Reyes, M. C. Cuevas-Díaz, I. Razo-Soto, C. Ilizaliturri-Hernández","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.75430","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.75430","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this chapter is to present the results of a monitoring study carried out with physiological responses (biomarkers) in Rhinella marina (giant toad) for two different years, inhabiting the low basin of Coatzacoalcos river, one of the most contaminated regions in Mexico. A decrease in delta aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (δ-ALAD) (considered inhibition) and in the condition factor (1.2–1.5 times) found in toads of the industrial zone compared with reference organisms, each year. As for the hematological parameters, the mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentrations (MCHC), in the amphibians of industrial zone of the first sampling year show a decrease, while for the second sampling year, show an increment of 1.5 times than organisms of reference site. These effects could be associated with exposure to pollutants such as heavy metals (mainly Pb), which have been registered in different studies. This study demonstrates the usefulness of giant toads as biomonitors of contaminated sites. carried out to evaluate the differences between the biomarkers per years, with a level of significance of 1 and 5%. To evaluate the difference in δ-ALAD between years, zones, and the laboratory, the Kruskall-Wallis test was used. A correlation between δ-ALAD and hematologic parameters (Log-transformed) was realized with Spearman’s test.","PeriodicalId":191843,"journal":{"name":"Reptiles and Amphibians","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121245502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Speciation Routes of Anurans 阿努拉动物的物种形成路线
Reptiles and Amphibians Pub Date : 2018-07-18 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.74852
M. Beçak
{"title":"Speciation Routes of Anurans","authors":"M. Beçak","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.74852","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.74852","url":null,"abstract":"Genome duplication was long been reported by our laboratory in Brazilian anurans belonging to the Leptodactylidae and Hylidae families. Thanks to other investigators, several polyploid species with related diploid forms were also found in diverse regions of South America, Africa and Australia. Our cytogenetic, enzymatic and molecular experiments performed in the Brazilian polyploids showed a higher level of variability resulting from tetrasomic gene expression according to the binomial equation (p + q) 4 . These results were supported by the classical Ohno’s theory of vertebrate evolution via genome duplication. Later, we suggested that the epigenetic mutations could have a role in the expansion of the tetraploid animals exploring different regions. Here, we provide an overview of the data on polyploid anurans in light of the speciation process. Some biogeographic events of Mesozoic and Cenozoic Eras probably related to anurans evolu- tion were also focused.","PeriodicalId":191843,"journal":{"name":"Reptiles and Amphibians","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125731958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Biology, Life History Traits and Conservation of the Vulnerable Souss Valley Tortoise in Arid Areas of West Central Morocco 摩洛哥中西部干旱区苏斯谷地龟的生物学、生活史特征及保护
Reptiles and Amphibians Pub Date : 2018-07-18 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.74855
M. Znari, Nawal Hichami
{"title":"Biology, Life History Traits and Conservation of the Vulnerable Souss Valley Tortoise in Arid Areas of West Central Morocco","authors":"M. Znari, Nawal Hichami","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.74855","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.74855","url":null,"abstract":"The Souss Valley tortoise, Testudo graeca soussensis , is endemic to the semi-arid and arid low quality habitats of west central Morocco. Populations of this area are among the best- investigated populations in western Mediterranean. The long-term conservation of these declining populations is of particular management concern for this endemic and threat- ened subspecies. Here we present a data review on biological and ecological aspects of this subspecies dealing with morphology, distribution range and climatic niche, habitat use, food habits, activity cycle, and thermal responses to arid hot conditions, post-hatch-ing growth, sexual maturity, sexual dimorphism, breeding ecology and demographics. After an analysis of the major threats on populations, we proposed management actions required to improve the conservation outcomes for this endangered tortoise in arid areas of west central Morocco. Conservation and restoration potentials of the declining populations and their habitat are also described, including habitat restoration and a captive breeding program.","PeriodicalId":191843,"journal":{"name":"Reptiles and Amphibians","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121909774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
Sea Turtle Beach Monitoring Program in Brazil 巴西的海龟海滩监测项目
Reptiles and Amphibians Pub Date : 2018-07-18 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.76647
M. Werneck, de Almeida, P. Baldassin, Suzana Guimarães, L. Nunes, P. Lacerda, Ana Luiza Meira Oliveira
{"title":"Sea Turtle Beach Monitoring Program in Brazil","authors":"M. Werneck, de Almeida, P. Baldassin, Suzana Guimarães, L. Nunes, P. Lacerda, Ana Luiza Meira Oliveira","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.76647","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.76647","url":null,"abstract":"Beach monitoring programs provide important information on spatial and temporal patterns of occurrence, mortality, age structure, sex ratio, and variations associated with climatic and anthropogenic events as well as for the assessment of the health of marine organisms. The purpose of the Santos Basin Beach Monitoring Project is to evaluate the possible effects of oil and gas production and transport activities at Santos Basin on marine turtles, birds, and mammals by monitoring beaches and vet erinary care facilities for live and dead animals. Five species of sea turtles occur in Brazil: the green turtle ( Chelonia mydas ), loggerhead turtle ( Caretta caretta ), hawksbill turtle ( Eretmochelys imbricata ), olive turtle ( Lepidochelys olivacea ), and leatherback turtle ( Dermochelys coriacea ), all of which are endangered and are fragile organisms that suf - fer from the impact of human activities during their long lifecycle. This chapter reports monitoring strategy activities and preliminary results after 1 year since the implemen - tation the monitoring project to provide an important overview of sea turtles found in the Santos Basin.","PeriodicalId":191843,"journal":{"name":"Reptiles and Amphibians","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114754251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 7
Introductory Chapter: General Features of Reptiles and Amphibians 导论章:爬行动物和两栖动物的一般特征
Reptiles and Amphibians Pub Date : 2018-07-18 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.76405
D. Gutiérrez
{"title":"Introductory Chapter: General Features of Reptiles and Amphibians","authors":"D. Gutiérrez","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.76405","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.76405","url":null,"abstract":"Reptiles (Class Reptilia or Sauropsida) are organisms that have scales on the skin, are amniotes, which have colonized almost all terrestrial and marine environments, originated in the Carboniferous from the amphibians, they have a tricameral or tetracameral (crocodiles) heart, are phylogenetically related to birds (these arose from reptiles), ectotherms, and are characterized by being very efficient in the use of energy. Currently, there are four orders of reptiles with living representatives: Testudines (turtles), Squamata (snakes and lizards), Crocodilia (crocodiles, alligators, and gharials), and Sphenodontia or Rhynchocephalia (tuataras), of which there are only two species in New Zealand [3].","PeriodicalId":191843,"journal":{"name":"Reptiles and Amphibians","volume":"322 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132558858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Amphibian and Reptile Conservation in Scotland: Focus on the Great Crested Newt Triturus cristatus and the European Adder Vipera berus 苏格兰的两栖动物和爬行动物保护:重点关注大冠毛蝾螈和欧洲蝰蛇
Reptiles and Amphibians Pub Date : 2018-03-30 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.74949
C. McInerny
{"title":"Amphibian and Reptile Conservation in Scotland: Focus on the Great Crested Newt Triturus cristatus and the European Adder Vipera berus","authors":"C. McInerny","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.74949","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.74949","url":null,"abstract":"Scotland, due to its geographical location and climate, has a relatively limited number of species of amphibians and reptiles. However, many of these are found widely across the country. As representatives of amphibians and reptiles in Scotland, this chapter will focus on the great crested newt Triturus cristatus and the European adder Vipera berus . For both species it will describe their distribution, habitat requirements, life cycles, population esti- mates and trends, legal protection and threats. Furthermore, it will outline recent conservation projects in Scotland showing how these creatures can live both in close proximity to humans and in developed landscapes relevant for their conservation elsewhere.","PeriodicalId":191843,"journal":{"name":"Reptiles and Amphibians","volume":"1027 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116461255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
From Effects of Linear Transport Infrastructures on Amphibians to Mitigation Measures 从线性交通基础设施对两栖动物的影响到缓解措施
Reptiles and Amphibians Pub Date : 2018-03-23 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.74857
G. Testud, C. Miaud
{"title":"From Effects of Linear Transport Infrastructures on Amphibians to Mitigation Measures","authors":"G. Testud, C. Miaud","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.74857","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.74857","url":null,"abstract":"Linear transport infrastructures (e.g., roads, highways, railways) are affecting biodiver - sity by habitat loss and fragmentation, degraded or suppressed connectivity, and direct and indirect mortality. In response, planners try to propose mitigation or compensatory measures. Amphibians are particularly impacted by these infrastructures, in terms of habitat loss but also because their obligatory migration to breeding sites exposed them to the barrier effect of infrastructure (direct mortality and loss of connection among sub-populations). Several compensatory (e.g., creation of new ponds) and mitigation mea - sures (construction of wildlife passage) have been proposed specifically for amphibians. This chapter aims to describe measures implemented for amphibian populations and tries to evaluate their efficiency in terms of frequentation (wildlife passage) and popula tion persistence.","PeriodicalId":191843,"journal":{"name":"Reptiles and Amphibians","volume":"229 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115192795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
A Methodology Based on Bioacoustic Information for Automatic Identification of Reptiles and Anurans 基于生物声学信息的爬行动物和无尾动物自动识别方法
Reptiles and Amphibians Pub Date : 2018-02-17 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.74333
Juan J. Noda, David Sánchez-Rodríguez, C. Travieso-González
{"title":"A Methodology Based on Bioacoustic Information for Automatic Identification of Reptiles and Anurans","authors":"Juan J. Noda, David Sánchez-Rodríguez, C. Travieso-González","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.74333","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.74333","url":null,"abstract":"Nowadays, human activity is considered one of the main risk factors for the life of reptiles and amphibians. The presence of these living beings represents a good biological indicator of an excellent environmental quality. Because of their behavior and size, most of these species are complicated to recognize in their living environment with image devices. Nevertheless, the use of bioacoustic information to identify animal species is an efficient way to sample populations and control the conservation of these living beings in large and remote areas where environmental conditions and visibility are limited. In this chapter, a novel methodology for the identification of different reptile and anuran species based on the fusion of Mel and Linear Frequency Cepstral Coefficients, MFCC and LFCC, is presented. The proposed methodology has been validated using public databases, and experimental results yielded an accuracy above 95% showing the efficiency of the proposal.","PeriodicalId":191843,"journal":{"name":"Reptiles and Amphibians","volume":"21 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131544810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
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