Amphibian and Reptile Conservation in Scotland: Focus on the Great Crested Newt Triturus cristatus and the European Adder Vipera berus

Scotland, due to its geographical location and climate, has a relatively limited number of species of amphibians and reptiles. However, many of these are found widely across the country. As representatives of amphibians and reptiles in Scotland, this chapter will focus on the great crested newt Triturus cristatus and the European adder Vipera berus . For both species it will describe their distribution, habitat requirements, life cycles, population esti- mates and trends, legal protection and threats. Furthermore, it will outline recent conservation projects in Scotland showing how these creatures can live both in close proximity to humans and in developed landscapes relevant for their conservation elsewhere.