Nottingham French Studies最新文献_第7页

A Neopicaresque Journey into Queer and Sex-Positivity: Wendy Delorme's Quatrième génération 进入酷儿和性积极性的新惊悚之旅:温迪·德洛姆的《第四人格》

IF 0.1 4区文学

Nottingham French Studies Pub Date : 2021-02-10 DOI: 10.3366/NFS.2021.0306

Michèle A. Schaal

引用次数: 1

Du constat de l'imbrication à la construction du réel: paysage fer de François Bon 从观察嵌套到构建现实：François Bon的Paysage Fer

IF 0.1 4区文学

Nottingham French Studies Pub Date : 2021-02-10 DOI: 10.3366/NFS.2021.0302

Dan Zhang

引用次数: 0

La Littérature de voyage à l'heure du numérique: Olivier Hodasava et Mathias Énard 数字时代的旅游文学:Olivier Hodasava和Mathias enard

IF 0.1 4区文学

Nottingham French Studies Pub Date : 2021-02-10 DOI: 10.3366/NFS.2021.0305

Mathilde Poizat-Amar

引用次数: 0

What Lies Concealed in the Roots of Cybernetics: The Renewal of Early Greek Thinking of Being as Physis in Martin Heidegger and Edgar Morin 控制论的根源中隐藏着什么:海德格尔和莫林对早期希腊物理存在思想的更新

IF 0.1 4区文学

Nottingham French Studies Pub Date : 2020-12-02 DOI: 10.3366/nfs.2020.0297

H. Dicks

引用次数: 0

Back matter 回到问题

IF 0.1 4区文学

Nottingham French Studies Pub Date : 2020-12-01 DOI: 10.3366/nfs.2020.0299

引用次数: 0

Encounters between Life and Language: Codes, Books, Machines and Cybernetics 生活与语言的相遇:代码、书籍、机器和控制论

IF 0.1 4区文学

Nottingham French Studies Pub Date : 2020-12-01 DOI: 10.3366/nfs.2020.0293

B. Nerlich

{"title":"Encounters between Life and Language: Codes, Books, Machines and Cybernetics","authors":"B. Nerlich","doi":"10.3366/nfs.2020.0293","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/nfs.2020.0293","url":null,"abstract":"The histories of genetics and cybernetics overlapped in the mid-twentieth century. Both fields deal with dynamic systems, such as living organisms or machines that move, change and respond to the environment. It might therefore be expected that the metaphors used to research and communicate biological, genetic or genomic phenomena might take inspiration from cybernetics. Molecular biology was indeed inspired by cybernetics, but, surprisingly, the most popular metaphors used for research and communication were rooted in older fields of human endeavour, such as the Morse code, printing and machines. Such metaphors tended to foreground static and product aspects of biological phenomena, rather than dynamic and process ones. This made it difficult to talk widely about complexity, flexibility and dynamics, all aspects of biology (and cybernetics) that were well-known and well-studied. Modern-day biologists have noted this discrepancy between their research and the language used to talk about it, and are now calling for a new language, inspired amongst others by cybernetics, a language that, it is hoped, might capture the dynamic aspects of biology which some of the older metaphors tended to hide. In this article I survey (some of) the history of metaphors from the 1940s to 2019, focusing on the metaphors of the code (and information), the book and the machine. I attempt to show that cybernetics, although influencing the emergence of molecular biology, failed to inspire popular metaphors. Will modern biologists, taking inspiration from cybernetics to create not only a new science but also a new language, be more successful in this enterprise?","PeriodicalId":19182,"journal":{"name":"Nottingham French Studies","volume":"59 1","pages":"311-332"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49019158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Introduction 介绍

IF 0.1 4区文学

Nottingham French Studies Pub Date : 2020-12-01 DOI: 10.3366/nfs.2020.0290

J. Marks

引用次数: 0

La Télé-commande 遥控器

IF 0.1 4区文学

Nottingham French Studies Pub Date : 2020-12-01 DOI: 10.3366/nfs.2020.0292

Yves Gilonne

{"title":"La Télé-commande","authors":"Yves Gilonne","doi":"10.3366/nfs.2020.0292","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/nfs.2020.0292","url":null,"abstract":"Nous proposons d’étudier comment l'acte de nomination de la cybernétique place la pensée au sein d'une analogie fondamentale ( kybernètes) entre « piloter » (un navire) et « gouverner », entraînant la réduction du champ conceptuel de « commandement » à celui de « contrôle » qui influe de façon déterminante sur nos conceptions de ce que « penser » veut dire. Nous replacerons cette analogie nautique au sein de son riche héritage philosophique, attesté au moins depuis Platon, afin d’évaluer comment le traitement cybernétique du concept-source de pilote se caractérise paradoxalement par l'effacement de son dispositif technique (capitaine, gouvernail, navire), entraînant la virtualisation de son appareil symbolique (pensée, langage, corps) et donc la réduction du concept-cible ( gouverner) à la notion de « contrôle ». La cybernétique opère ainsi un transfert de matérialité entre source et cible qui fait de gouverner un simple appareil technique dans l'oubli de la valeur différentielle de toute analogie qui tient précisément en la non-coïncidence de ses termes. Par « télé-commande » nous désignons le contrôle du programme de la raison réduite à une intelligence devenue artificielle et l'intégrisme de son circuit d'opération qui se renvoie un monde à son image. Nous verrons comment ce mode de pensée se caractérise par la réduction de l’écart entre input/output, source et cible, symbolisée notamment par les nouvelles technologies de contrôle à distance ( télé-commande). La notion de « contrôle » s'avère alors insuffisante pour modéliser le « gouvernement » de soi, des autres et du monde, invitant à une redéfinition de la notion de « commandement » en sa portée éthique.","PeriodicalId":19182,"journal":{"name":"Nottingham French Studies","volume":"59 1","pages":"289-310"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42744155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

François Jacob: Bricolage and the Possible 弗朗索瓦·雅各布:拼贴和可能

IF 0.1 4区文学

Nottingham French Studies Pub Date : 2020-12-01 DOI: 10.3366/nfs.2020.0294

J. Marks

{"title":"François Jacob: Bricolage and the Possible","authors":"J. Marks","doi":"10.3366/nfs.2020.0294","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/nfs.2020.0294","url":null,"abstract":"As well as his ground-breaking work in the field of molecular biology with Jacques Monod, François Jacob was a gifted and influential writer on science. His extraordinary capacity to make imaginative connections and to coin compelling metaphors informed both his work as a scientist and his writing on science. This article looks at the development of Jacob's distinctive constructivist conceptualization of science over the course of his career. Although Jacob was initially attracted to the metaphor of genetic material as a computer programme, he ultimately moved away from the mechanistic model of reproduction and evolution favoured by Monod. In a short paper published in the journal Science in 1977, he used the metaphor of bricolage as a way of conveying that biology evolution is a process of ‘tinkering’ with pre-existing materials rather than an elegant process of design. This conceptualization of the evolutionary process of building the new from the old has been highly influential in thinking on biology. In a more general sense, the concept of bricolage has a central role in Jacob's work, bringing together his thinking on evolution and science in general. The centrality of bricolage for Jacob positions him philosophically in many ways in the opposing camp to the Cartesian tradition, which was at the core of Monod's vision of science in the world.","PeriodicalId":19182,"journal":{"name":"Nottingham French Studies","volume":"59 1","pages":"333-349"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47191535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Leroi-Gourhan's Le Geste et la parole: The Evolution of Technology 勒罗伊·古尔汉的Le Geste et la假释：技术的进化

IF 0.1 4区文学

Nottingham French Studies Pub Date : 2020-12-01 DOI: 10.3366/nfs.2020.0291

C. M. Johnson

{"title":"Leroi-Gourhan's Le Geste et la parole: The Evolution of Technology","authors":"C. M. Johnson","doi":"10.3366/nfs.2020.0291","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/nfs.2020.0291","url":null,"abstract":"This article looks at André Leroi-Gourhan's work on prehistory in the two volumes of Le Geste et la parole (1964), considering it as a continuation of his wider project of a comparative technology. The first volume concentrates on the interaction between body and brain in human evolution. In contrast to interpretations of evolution that focus on the development of the brain as a primary factor, Leroi-Gourhan insists that its evolution is entirely dependent on the adaptive possibilities of body structure. Although cybernetics is never explicitly referenced in this work, its influence on his conceptualization of the evolution and history of technology is clear. For example, he draws on a cybernetically-inflected vocabulary of command and control to describe the coupling of nervous system and body in vertebrae evolution. In the second volume of Le Geste, the conceptual input of cybernetics becomes still more apparent as the focus of analysis is on the question of memory and technics. Leroi-Gourhan argues that the evolution of technology imitates the evolution of living systems, and that the historical development of human society is like the growth of an organism. The influence of cybernetics is evident in the fact that the difference between animal forms is conceived in terms of relative degrees of ‘programming’. Leroi-Gourhan proposes in this way a modelling of biological systems which is typical of cybernetics, drawing attention to the functional similarities between animal and mechanical systems. While not teleological, Leroi-Gourhan's history of technology is deterministic to the extent that the sequence of externalizations is not an arbitrary development but the necessary product of the intersection of the human organism and the material world.","PeriodicalId":19182,"journal":{"name":"Nottingham French Studies","volume":"59 1","pages":"255-288"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41836795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1