Tropical Agricultural Research and Extension最新文献

{"title":"Investigation of factors affecting the rapid detection of agarwood formation in Aquilaria crassna by near-infrared spectroscopy","authors":"H. M. W. A. I. Herath, B. M. S. Jinendra","doi":"10.4038/tare.v26i4.5679","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/tare.v26i4.5679","url":null,"abstract":"Agarwood is a highly valued fragrant resin produced inside a few tree species belonging to the family Thymalaeaceae as a self-defense response to plant stress. The amount of resin developed inside the tree cannot be estimated by outside inspection. Consequently, harvesting trees before they reach their potential yield is a severe drawback to the Agarwood industry. Therefore, developing effective techniques for detecting Agarwood resin status inside the tree species has become a critically important task for the agarwood industry to increase productivity. The present study evaluates the factors affecting Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) models when predicting agarwood formation inside A. crassna trunks using NIR spectroscopy. The research used 110 wood specimens obtained from well-grown Agarwood trees in a commercial plantation in Nawimana GS Division, Matara District, Sri Lanka. NIR meter FQA-NIR Gun (588-1100nm) with a custom-made probe was used to acquire NIR reflectance spectra without outside light interference. SIMCA  models were built to identify the agar resin-developed wood log areas from the normal wood areas in the tree trunk. SIMCA prediction models were built to investigate three influencing factors, namely present or absent outside tree bark, surface roughness and wood thickness agarwood prediction.  Better prediction results were obtained from the bark-removed samples (at the accuracy rates of 97%) to the bark present (85%), smooth wood surfaces (98%) to the rough surface (90%) and 2mm thickness (98%) to the other thickness. The most effective wavelength for the separation of Agarwood present and absent samples was located at 978 nm of NIR. The study has demonstrated the potential possibility of using NIR spectroscopy to identify the agarwood formation in A. crassna in non-destructive and rapid mode.","PeriodicalId":191739,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Agricultural Research and Extension","volume":"115 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139146841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Productivity and profitability analysis of cauliflower as sole and intercropping with red amaranth and radish leafy vegetable","authors":"M. H. Monshi, M. H. Mouri, M. R. Mim, S. Hossain, J. Alom, M. S. Hossain","doi":"10.4038/tare.v26i4.5686","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/tare.v26i4.5686","url":null,"abstract":"By using natural resources and agricultural inputs more effectively, intercropping is a desirable technique to boost crop output and economic return. The present study was conducted to figure out the most lucrative crop mix for an intercropping system of cauliflower with red amaranth and radish leafy vegetable. A randomized complete block design with three replications was used to set up the experiment. Treatments included nine different cropping systems, including sole cauliflower, sole red amaranth, sole radish leafy vegetable, cauliflower-red amaranth intercropping (1:1), cauliflower-leafy radish intercropping (1:1), cauliflower-red amaranth-leafy radish intercropping (1:1:1), cauliflower-red amaranth-leafy radish intercropping (2:1:1), cauliflower-red amaranth-leafy radish intercropping (1:2:1) and cauliflower-red amaranth-leafy radish intercropping (1:1:2) Productivity parameters of three intercrops (cauliflower-red amaranth-leafy radish) were collected and measured based on their yield and yield contributing traits in different stages of their growth upto the final harvest. And equivalent yield and land ratio along with benefit cost ratio were analyzed to check their profitability. Result illustrated that cauliflower, red amaranth and leafy radish produced the highest yield of 25.4, 13.5 and 18.6 tha-1, respectively when cultivated as a sole crop. However, when all of the three vegetables were grown as intercropping in different cropping system, cauliflower with red amaranth and leafy radish (1:1:1) produced the highest yield (33.2 tha-1) followed by cauliflower-red amaranth-radish intercropping (1:2:1) and cauliflower-red amaranth-radish intercropping (2:1:1) with the yield of 30.0 t ha-1 and 29.8 tha-1. After assessing the productivity and economic return, cauliflower with red amaranth and leafy radish (1:1:1) obtained the highest gross return (997102 Tk ha-1) and net return (512102 Tk ha-1) using the highest land equivalent ratio (2.0) followed by 900900 Tk ha-1 and 435900 Tk ha-1, respectively in the cropping system cauliflower-red amaranth-radish intercropping (1:2:1). The present study concluded that intercropping leafy vegetables (red amaranth and leafy radish) and cauliflower boosted overall productivity and economic return more than sole intercropping cauliflower.","PeriodicalId":191739,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Agricultural Research and Extension","volume":" 21","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139141992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Selection of traditional rice varieties for Galle District based on agronomic characteristics and farmer-consumer preferences","authors":"W. G. M. Wickramasinghe, L. M. Abeywickrama, M. C. Millawithanachchi","doi":"10.4038/tare.v26i4.5652","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/tare.v26i4.5652","url":null,"abstract":"In response to the growing trend of cultivating traditional rice varieties in the Galle District this study aimed to select suitable varieties that align with the preference of farmers and consumers. A survey of traditional rice varieties cultivated in the Galle district led to the collection of thirty traditional rice accessions from the Germplasm collection of the Plant Genetic Resource Center (PGRC) for preliminary evaluation with 4 traditional varieties from the Rice Research Station Labuduwa (RRSLd). Preliminary evaluations were conducted during the 2017 Yala season at the RRSLd. Subsequently, five accessions/varieties from the preliminary evaluations, six varieties from Regional Rice Research and Development Center-Bombuwala (RRRDCBw/RRSBw), and two improved rice varieties; (Ld 368 and Bw 372) were further evaluated during the 2017/18 Maha season using a Randomized Complete Block Design with two replicates in RRSLd. The evaluations involved the active participation of farmers, researchers, consumers, and traders. Varieties were assessed on eight morphological characteristics. using the pair-wise ranking method of the Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) approach. Data analysis was performed using the Kruskal Wallis One Way ANOVA model. Bw 372 and Ld 368 received above-average rankings, with Suwandal (RRSLd) achieving the highest score for cooked rice quality. In the overall evaluation Ld 368, Kahawanu (4250), Kuruluthuda (RRSBw), and Suwandal (RRSLd) emerged as preferred choices. These selections were tested in farmer fields during the 2018 Yala season with Ld 368, Kuruluthuda (RRSBw), and Kahawanu recording higher yields. In the 2018/19 Maha season, all the varieties tested in the 2018 Yala season were tested in farmer fields except Kahawanu (4250). Ld 368 and Bw 372 outperformed others in farmer fields. Based on farmer preference and yield performance, Gonabaru (farmer selected) and Kuruluthuda (RRSBw) were the most preferred traditional rice varieties, followed by Suwandal (RRSLd) and Rathdal (RRSLd).","PeriodicalId":191739,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Agricultural Research and Extension","volume":"4 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139147460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Water footprint of paddy cultivation under controlled runoff conditions: A case study in Kurunagala district, Sri Lanka","authors":"M. Palliyaguru, C. Navaratne, D. Wickramasinghe, C. M. Nanayakkara","doi":"10.4038/tare.v26i2.5659","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/tare.v26i2.5659","url":null,"abstract":"Paddy cultivation is the largest global consumer of water, and it also significantly contributes to water pollution. Investigating the water footprint of paddy agriculture can provide insights into how pollutants affect the ecosystem. This study aimed to quantify the total water footprint for paddy grown in Sri Lanka's Low Country Intermediate Zone under supplementary irrigation. A lysimeter study was carried out to determine the amount of leached nutrients below the root zone. The experimental design was a Complete Randomized Block Design (CRBD) with two factors (cropping season and gradient) and two levels (Yala and Maha; upper and lower). The green and blue water footprints for both sites were estimated using the CROPWAT 8.0 model by crop water requirement option. The results revealed that the loss of NO3-N through leaching accounted for 8.61 ± 1.84 kg/ha (8%), and the leaching losses of PO43-- P were 0.49 ± 0.1 kg/ha (2%) under controlled runoff conditions during the experimental period. The nitrogen fertilizer-induced grey water footprint (WFgrey) for one tonne of rice produced was 193 ± 27 m3/t, and the phosphorous fertilizer-induced WFgrey was 61 ± 7 m3/t. The study identified nitrate as the critical element for water pollution. The estimated total water footprint (WFtotal), which was the sum of green, blue, and grey water footprint, was 1409 ± 95 m3/t under controlled runoff conditions, while the global average value is 1325 m3/t. The estimated value is about 6% higher than the global average value. Therefore, these findings demonstrate the need for further research.","PeriodicalId":191739,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Agricultural Research and Extension","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114542821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quadratic almost ideal demand system analysis of demand for selected vegetables and fruits in nigeria","authors":"A. Obisesan","doi":"10.4038/tare.v26i2.5658","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/tare.v26i2.5658","url":null,"abstract":"This study analyzed the demand for selected vegetables and fruits in Nigeria. It determined price effects on demand for fruits and vegetables, examined the demographic variables influencing demand and revealed the expenditure elasticity across income quartiles and sectors. Data from the three waves of Living Standard Measurement Survey-Integrated Survey on Agriculture namely 2010/11, 2012/13 and 2015/16, were employed in the analysis. The demand for bananas, citrus, pineapples, fresh okra, onions pepper and tomatoes was examined using the Quadratic Almost Ideal Demand System. Households in Nigeria consumed more vegetables than fruits. The results revealed that the staple vegetables in Nigerian diets are tomatoes, onions and pepper. It was observed that movement in relative prices elicited high quantity response. All the fruits and vegetables included in the model were normal goods. Vegetables and fruits responded similarly to expenditure increases in urban and rural Nigeria. The own-price elasticities, both uncompensated and compensated agree with the demand theory. More consideration should be given to the intensifying production of fruits and vegetables in technology development and investment to make them available and affordable.","PeriodicalId":191739,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Agricultural Research and Extension","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114187414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Weedy rice: An insight into genetic diversity and population structure for effective weed management","authors":"A. Tennakoon, S. Sandamal, S. Ge, B. Marambe, D. Ratnasekera","doi":"10.4038/tare.v26i2.5660","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/tare.v26i2.5660","url":null,"abstract":"Weedy rice (Oryza sativa f. spontanea) is a conspecific weed that has invaded cultivated rice fields, effectively adapted to modern management practices, leading to substantial yield losses and reduced harvest quality. The understanding of weedy rice genetic diversity and population structure is critical in developing effective control measures. Twenty weedy rice populations were collected around the island and evaluated using 33 SSR markers. Our findings indicated that the genetic diversity (He) in a population of weedy rice was reasonably high (0.305 - 0.560). A high level of within-population (79%) and a low level of among-population (21%) genetic variation were found by analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA). There is no significant correlation across genetic and geographical distances (P>0.05). The unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) demonstrated that 20 populations were structured into two well-separated groups. Remarkably, many admixed individuals were evident according to the STRUCTURE. Weedy rice management strategies should focus on micromorphological monitoring to detect, group, and eliminate weedy rice in paddy fields, restricting the exchange of saved paddy seeds among geographical regions, increasing the production and distribution of certified seeds, the varietal recommendation for rice-growing regions to minimize mixing of varieties with different age classes, raising awareness are the recommendations to reduce the emergence of future weeds.","PeriodicalId":191739,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Agricultural Research and Extension","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127394366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative studies on nutritional and functional properties of selected traditional rice varieties in Sri Lanka","authors":"CT Jayadewa, Chiranthika Nng, Gunathilake Kdpp","doi":"10.4038/tare.v26i2.5656","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/tare.v26i2.5656","url":null,"abstract":"Non-communicable diseases are chronic metabolic diseases increasing rapidly around the world. Evaluation of natural food sources in terms of controlling or preventing non-communicable diseases is an immerging research area in food science and nutrition schemes. Traditional rice varieties are one of the food commodities currently becoming popular among health-conscious consumers, as they provide health benefits through bioactive compounds or functional food ingredients other than a variety of nutrients. This study aimed to assess the nutritional and functional properties of selected 20 traditional rice varieties in Sri Lanka. Proximate composition was analyzed for raw rice samples. Methanolic extracts of rice were analyzed for total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), carotenoid content (TC), antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetic properties. In vitro gastrointestinal digestion was performed to evaluate the bioavailability of bioactive compounds. Rice samples with higher anti-diabetic properties were tested for a postprandial glycemic response using healthy individuals. The results indicated fresh methanolic extracts of Rath Kadha had the significantly (p<0.05) highest TPC (9.94±0.01mgGAE/g FW) and TC (2.27±0.06 mg/g FW), Beheth Heenati have the highest DPPH% inhibition (84.93±0.81%), Sudu Heenati had the significantly (p<0.05) highest TFC (16.77±0.01mg RE/g FW), anti-diabetic properties (59.54±0.02%) and anti-inflammatory properties (65.85±0.01%). Among the rice varieties subjected to in vitro digestion, Suwadel showed highest significant (p<0.05) TPC (0.45±0.02 mg GAE/g FW) and TFC (2.01±0.02 mgRE/g FW), Ma Vee showed the highest TC (0.24±0.015 mg/g FW) and Pachchaperumal showed the highest DPPH% inhibition (61.77±0.02%) in the gastric phase. In the intestinal Phase Sudu Heenati showed the highest TPC (0.99±0.04 mgGAE/g FW), Ma Vee showed the highest TFC (0.8±0.01 mgRE/g FW) and TC (3.24±0.04 mg/g FW), Beheth Heenati showed the highest DPPH% inhibition (63.98±0.07%). Tested all cooked rice varieties exhibited a lower postprandial glycemic response than glucose. Among the cooked rice varieties Maa Vee showed the lowest peak (97mg/dl) concerning glucose. According to glycemic response, values were significantly (p<0.05) changed with the rice variety. The results highlighted that traditional rice verities are rich with a wide range of functional properties and useful in the management of non-communicable diseases and their complications.","PeriodicalId":191739,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Agricultural Research and Extension","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133420708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Production of plant-based milk from local almond nuts (Terminalia catappa L.) and evaluation of its sensory and nutritional properties","authors":"Samarasinghe Spak, UR Chandimala, Gunathilake Dmcc","doi":"10.4038/tare.v26i2.5663","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/tare.v26i2.5663","url":null,"abstract":"An experiment was conducted to investigate the possibility of making plant-based milk using Local Almond (Terminalia catappa L.) nuts. Harvested nuts were cleaned, shelled and, separated into two sets based on their maturity stage: well-ripened and mature-green. Local Almond nuts at both maturity stages were blanched and blended with water at a ratio of 1:2 (w/w), and two different plant-based milk samples were prepared as T1, from well-ripened and T2, from mature-green fruit kernels. The sensory evaluation of prepared kernel-based milk samples was conducted, occupying a panel of 30 semi-trained members using a five-point hedonic scale. The product’s appearance, odour, flavour, mouthfeel, and overall acceptability were tested and analyzed using the Friedman test. The proximate composition of the prepared plant-based milk samples was determined in triplicates, and the energy content of the milk samples was estimated based on their nutritional values and was compared with those of Cow’s milk. Data were analyzed using ANOVA procedures at a 5% significance level. Obtained sensory data revealed that among two milk samples, milk prepared from well-ripened Local Almond kernel (T1) was recorded as the best sample except for aroma for all organoleptic attributes. The proximate analysis found that the crude protein, crude fat and crude fiber content of both T1 and T2 Local Almond milk samples were higher than those of Cow’s milk. Among the samples, the T1 showed the highest crude fat content (13.30 ± 0.01%), whereas T2 showed the highest crude protein content (7.40 ± 0.00%). Carbohydrate content of both T1 (2.09± 0.00%) and T2 (1.20± 0.00%) was less than that of cow’s milk (4.80 ± 0.01%). The study suggests mixing milk extracted from mature green fruits and well-ripened fruit kernels to improve the final nutritional quality of Local Almond milk. This study reveals the requirement for further studies related to Local Almond kernel-based milk as a good source of plant-based milk and a potential substitute for Cow’s milk.","PeriodicalId":191739,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Agricultural Research and Extension","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114176316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Assessment of Power Distance and Leadership Styles in Agro-Based Small-Medium Enterprises in Sabaragamuwa Province, Sri Lanka","authors":"U. P. G. K. J. Thilakshana, D. Koralagama","doi":"10.4038/tare.v26i1.5617","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/tare.v26i1.5617","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":191739,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Agricultural Research and Extension","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128167012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of the Rate and Split Application of Albert’s Fertilizer on Growth and Yield Performances of Cabbage Under the Protected House in the Low Country Wet Zone of Sri Lanka","authors":"U. Perera, S. Subasinghe, K. Adikaram, H. Kumarasinghe, M. Piyaratne","doi":"10.4038/tare.v26i1.5631","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/tare.v26i1.5631","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":191739,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Agricultural Research and Extension","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128610617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}