Nigerian Journal of Biotechnology最新文献

{"title":"Prevalence Of Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamases (ESBLs)-Producing Escherichia Coli Isolated From UTI Patients Attending some Selected Hospitals In Minna, Nigeria","authors":"F. Iseghohi, J. C. Igwe, M. Galadima, A. Kuta, A. Abdullahi, C. Chukwunwejim","doi":"10.4314/NJB.V37I2.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/NJB.V37I2.6","url":null,"abstract":"Globally, urinary tract infections are one of the most common infections in need of urgent clinical attention. The prevalence of extended spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL)producing Escherichia coli isolated from urine samples of some UTI patients and s of apparently healthy individuals in Minna, Nigeria, is investigated. Standard microbiological techniques were used to conduct this study. A total of 170 catch midstream urine samples submitted to the Medical Microbiology Laboratories of 4 different hospitals (and samples from healthy individuals) were randomly collected for 5 months and examined for microbial growths. Female patients (65.9%) submitted more urine samples for UTI test than their male counterpart (34.1%). The age ranges of 21 -30 (26.5%) and 31 40 (25.3%) had the highest percentages of infection rate while those within the ages 110 (3.5%) and ≥ 71 (2.3%) were the least infected. This study observed a prevalence of 23.5% of E. coli in Minna metropolis and a significant number (30%) of healthy individuals (HI) was observed to harbor the E. coli in their urine. The isolates were highly susceptible to Gentamicin (65%), Ofloxacin (65%), Tetracycline (62.5%), Cotrimoxazole (62.5%), and Streptomycin (57.5%). Mildly susceptible to Pefloxacin (37.5%), Chloramphenicol (37.5%), and Ciprofloxacin (35%). There were significant resistance to most of the beta-lactames tested [Cefuroxime (80%), Amoxicillin (42.5%), Augmentin (40), Cefotaxime (20%) and Ceftaxidime (7.5%)]. Two of the isolates were resistant to all the 13 antibiotics tested; 70% (28) of the isolates had multiple antibiotics resistance index (MARI) ≥0.3. Multidrug resistance was expressed in 37.5% of the isolates tested. The study showed a vast resistant pool in the environment. Only 25% of the E. coli isolated from the urine samples produced beta-lactamases phenotypically, most of which expressed resistance to more than 5 of the antibiotics tested and had MARI of ≥ 0.5. Further evaluation showed that 25% (10/40) of the E. coli isolated from the UTI patients in Minna, Nigeria, were ESBLproducers and could harbor one or two of the genes. TEM gene was expressed in 70% (7) of the isolates that produced ESBL phenotypically, 60% Isegohi et al./ Nig. J. Biotech. Vol. 37 Num. 2: 56-73 (Dec 2020) 57 (6) harbored CTXM gene, 20% (2) had the OXA gene while none of the bacteria harbored the SHV gene. The study established a 5.9% ESBL prevalence among the E. coli isolated from UTI in the environment studied. This study established that E. coli is one of the prevalent bacteri urea majorly isolated from UTI patients in Minna. The prevalent E. coli are multidrug resistant and could harbor more than one ESBL gene . keywords: Escherichia coli, Minna, UTI, ESBL, Multidrug resistance Corresponding Author: igwejames42@yahoo.com Introduction Different studies have defined urinary tract infections (UTIs) as the growth of pathogenic microorganisms in the urinary tract, which might elicit inflammatory disorders ","PeriodicalId":19168,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Biotechnology","volume":"37 1","pages":"56-73"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87877231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Solid State Fermentation on some Physicochemical and Nutritional Properties of Post-Harvest Cowpea (Virgna unguiculata (L)Walp) Leavesv","authors":"M. S. Chomini, M. K. Peter, B. Akpan, J. Mbah, F. Victor","doi":"10.4314/NJB.V37I2.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/NJB.V37I2.3","url":null,"abstract":"The effects of solid state fermentation on some physical characteristics, proximate and amino acid profile of post-harvest cowpea (Virgna unguiculata (L) Walp) leaves were investigated. Pulverized samples of the post-harvest materials were incubated at 26C for 96 hours, followed by urea and trichloroacetic acid treatments. Triplicate samples of fermented and unfermented materials were subjected to standard procedures to determine variations in weight, pH, proximate and amino acids profile. There was a reduction in weight, which was significant (p<0.05) with increase in fermentation time. pH stabilized at 6.62 and 6.65 at 96 hours of fermentation (HOF), before and after urea treatment, respectively. Fermented samples showed significant increase (p<0.05) in crude protein (37.30%), crude fat (95.69%), total ash (75.73%) and nitrogenfree extract (NFE) (5.00%) over the unfermented ones. However there were percentage reductions in crude fibre (46.60%) and moisture content (61.95%) after fermentation. The Total Amino Acids (TAA) increased from 49.64 ± 0.87 to 98.90 ± 1.70 with a general increase in all amino acids except proline and cysteine having 12.72% and 10.06% as percentage reductions, respectively. Some essential amino acids (methionine, phenylalanine and tyrosine) and non-essential amino acids (serine and proline) were limiting. The findings unveiled the feed supplement potentials of the fermented materials for use in livestock and pharmaceutical industries in Nigeria.","PeriodicalId":19168,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Biotechnology","volume":"107 1","pages":"22-31"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76103711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Fatty Acid Profiling of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Rhodococcus rhodochrous Isolated from Spoilt Paints by Gas Chromatography","authors":"O. Obidi","doi":"10.4314/NJB.V37I2.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/NJB.V37I2.5","url":null,"abstract":"The use of fatty acids to study the differences in un-related microbes is limited. This study analyzes the fatty acids produced by two unrelated microorganisms: Klebsiella pneumoniae (Gram-negative, aerobic, non-endospore forming, usually encapsulated rod-shaped bacteria of the family Enterobacteriaceae) and Rhodococcus rhodochrous (metabolically versatile, non-spore-forming, non-motile actinomycete) isolated from spoilt paints. Fatty acids produced by the organisms were analyzed using an efficient MIDI-Sherlock gas chromatography method . K. pneumoniae was characterized by a high content of straight chain, branched chain, hydroxyl and cyclo-fatty acids made up of C12: 0, C13:0, C14:0 iso, C14:0, C15:0 iso, C15:0 anteiso, C15:1 ω 8c, C15:0, C16:0 iso, C16:1w5c, C16:0, C15:03OH, C17:1 ω 8c, C17:0 cyclo, C17:0, C18:1 ω5c and C18:0. R. rhodochrous was dominated by straight chain, monounsaturated and 10-methyl fatty acids. The inability to synthesize branched, cycloand hydroxylfatty acids, was observed in R. rhodochrous which composed mainly of C14: 0, C15: 1 ω 5c, C15:0, C16:1 ω 9c, C16:0, C17:1 ω 8c, C17:0, C17:0 10-methyl, C18: 1 ω 9c, C18.0, 10 methyl-C18:0 TBSA, C20:1 ω 9c, and C20:0. Descriptive statistics reveal a mean of 2.53, 15.10 and 15.15 for retention time (RT), equivalent chain length (ECL) and Peak name, respectively. Possible implications of the variations in fatty acid distribution may include differences in their abilities to produce various secondary metabolites and potentials to degrade a variety of xenobiotics.","PeriodicalId":19168,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Biotechnology","volume":"1985 1","pages":"47-55"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90324668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimisation of alkaline pretreatment conditions of orange and plantain peels for polygalacturonase production by Aspergillus awamori CICC 2040","authors":"O. Adedeji, O. O. Ezekiel","doi":"10.4314/NJB.V37I2.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/NJB.V37I2.2","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigated the optimisation of alkaline pretreatment of orange and plantain peels for polygalacturonase (PG) production by Aspergillus awamori CICC 2040 using response surface methodology. The factors evaluated were particle size, PS (< 0.4250, 0.4250 < PS < 0.8025 and 0.8025 < PS < 1.1800 mm), NaOH molarity (0.010, 0.055, and 0.100 M), and time (1.0, 6.5, and 12.0 h). These factors were interacted to determine the most suitable combinations for maximum polygalacturonase activity (MPA). The pretreated orange and plantain peel powders were inoculated with 10 spores/mL Aspergillus awamori CICC 2040 was incubated at 28 C for 5 days, and crude PG was extracted and its activity determined. The alkaline pretreatment combinations that gave MPA were <0.4250 mm, 0.100 M, and 1.0 h, and 0.8025 < PS < 1.1800 mm, 0.010 M, and 1.0 h for orange and plantain peel powders, respectively. The MPA obtained from the pretreated orange and plantain peel powders were 38.46 and 38.82 U/mL, respectively. Optimised alkaline pretreatment conditions of the orange and plantain peels for MPA, produced by Aspergillus awamori CICC 2040, were established.","PeriodicalId":19168,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Biotechnology","volume":"17 1","pages":"13-21"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78187323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isolation and Molecular Identification of some Fungi Associated with Jatropha curcas (L.)","authors":"N. G. Iyany, A. Ataga","doi":"10.4314/NJB.V37I2.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/NJB.V37I2.10","url":null,"abstract":"Jatropha curcas is a plant of great economic importance that experiences high incidence of fungal attack. Misidentification of the fungal species is bound to occur with the use of traditional cultural methods where organisms are identified morphologically and/or microscopically. This study was carried out to isolate and identify the fungi associated with Jatropha curcas (L.) using both traditional/ cultural techniques and molecular methods. The fungi were isolated from diseased leaves and stems of J. curcas using both Standard Blotter and Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) methods. DNA was extracted from the fungal isolates using Zymo Fungal/Bacteria DNA MiniPrep Kit. Amplification of the Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) regions of the fungal isolates was carried out using fungi universal primer pairs for ITS4 and ITS5. The amplicons were sequenced and the isolates were identified as Penicillium brevicompactum, Aspergillus sp., Botryosphaeria rhodina, Aspergillus nomius, Aspergillus tamarii, Rhizopus oryzae, Penicillium citrinum and Fusarium solani. Phylogenetic analysis was carried out to know the relationship between the isolates and other closely-related species in GenBank. Jatropha curcas is colonized by many fungal species some of which may be pathogenic to the plant, and molecular techniques pose the best alternative for accurate identification of these organisms.","PeriodicalId":19168,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Biotechnology","volume":"51 1","pages":"103-112"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84653390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nutritional properties of indigenous fermented condiment (ogiri) produced from partial substitution of castor oil bean (Ricinus communis) with soybean (Glycine max) seeds","authors":"I. Okwunodulu, E. Agha","doi":"10.4314/NJB.V37I2.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/NJB.V37I2.4","url":null,"abstract":"Recently, in Nigeria, there has been a series of controversial publications and debates over the use of seasoning cubes and monosodium glutamate as cancer inducing agents. With this, the use of local condiments like Ogiri has become an option. Ogiri is traditionally produced from castor oil beans which is scarce in some communities. This study therefore explored the possibility of substituting castor oil bean with soybean to obtain an acceptable Ogiri. Proximate, mineral and vitamin composition and sensory characteristics of the substituted Ogiri samples produced were evaluated using standard methods. With increase in soybean substitution levels, proximate analysis showed an increase in crude protein (17.33%-31.68%), crude fibre (0.47-1.71%) and fat (13.76-20.23%) contents while ash (3.63-3.21%) and carbohydrate (48.13%-23.55%) contents decreased. Mineral contents increased from 46.11 80.21, 60.25 73.83, 80.33 99.42, 118.10 794.38, 1.63 6.32 and 0.49 1.48 mg/100g for calcium, magnesium, phosphorous, potassium, iron and zinc, respectively. Potassium was the most abundant mineral in the samples. Also, retinol (11.63-16.26 mg/100g), vitamin B1 (0.10-0.21 mg/100g), vitamin B2 (10.37-14.79 mg/100g), vitamin B3 (9.21-9.91 mg/100g), vitamin C (2.43-5.85 mg/100g) and vitamin E (6.43-11.25 mg/100g) increased significantly. Sensory analysis revealed that the Ogiri sample with 50% soybean inclusion and the control had the best organoleptic properties. Therefore, soybean substitution of up to 50% gave a better acceptable Ogiri with improved nutrient contents.","PeriodicalId":19168,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Biotechnology","volume":"19 1","pages":"32-46"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78429355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimization of Phytosynthesis of Magnesium Oxide and Magnesium Chloride Nanoparticles","authors":"H. Shittu, E. Igiehon, A. Eremwanarue, R. E. Oijagbe, M. O. Momoh, M. A. Agbontian","doi":"10.4314/NJB.V37I2.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/NJB.V37I2.7","url":null,"abstract":"In the present study, magnesium oxide (MgO) and magnesium chloride (MgCl) nanoparticles were phytosynthesized. Selected parameters like leaf extracts from Moringa oleifera, Vernonia amygadalina and Occimum gratissimum, time of reaction, precursor salts of magnesium oxide and magnesium chloride at varying concentrations, plant extracts to precursor salts volume ratio, pH of the medium and light sources were optimized for a better production of the nanoparticles. The phytosynthesized MgO and MgCl nanoparticles were characterized using UV- Vis spectroscopy technique. The study revealed that the leaf extracts of Moringa oleifera and Vernonia amyg dalina yielded more nanoparticles; the period of 24 hours incubation was enough time for nanoparticles formation and the 0.1 and 0.01 molar concentrations of the precursor salts gave optimal yields of the nanoparticles. The plant extracts at ratio two (2) to precursor salt solution at ratio three (3) resulted in better yield of the nanoparticles; the alkaline pH of 9 and 11 gave better nanoparticles synthesis and the visible light source and dark room environments were better exposure conditions for the nanoparticles formation. \u0000Keywords: Leaf extracts, Magnesium chloride nanoparticles, Magnesium oxide nanoparticles, Phytosynthesis, UV- Vis spectroscopy.","PeriodicalId":19168,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Biotechnology","volume":"56 1","pages":"74-83"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83910321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Responses of African yam bean (Sphenostylis stenocarpa [Hochst. Ex A. Rich]) accessions to viral diseases and serological identification of the associated viruses","authors":"O. M. Ogunsanya, C. Afolabi, M. O. Otusanya, M. Adebisi","doi":"10.4314/njb.v37i1.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/njb.v37i1.9","url":null,"abstract":"African yam bean (Sphenostylis stenocarpa) is an orphan crop with lofty nutraceutical benefits grown in Africa. However, pests and diseases often hinder its productivity. Twenty accessions of African yam bean (AYB) were screened for resistance to viral diseases and symptomatic leaves were indexed for the presence of viruses. The Field experiments were conducted during the 2015/2016 cropping seasons (wet and dry seasons). The twenty accessions were grown in triplicates in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) on the field under natural infection and the resistance or susceptibility responses were recorded using visual symptom expression. The characteristic symptoms that were highly prevalent were leaf mosaic and leaf distortion. In both seasons, there were significant (P< 0.05) differences in the severity of these viral symptoms. Also, based on the severity of the symptoms observed in this study, 2 accessions were classified as resistant, 16 as susceptible and 2 accessions as highly susceptible. Two viruses were identified serologically namely Cowpea Mild Mottle Virus (CPMMV) and Blackeye Cowpea Mosaic Virus (BlCMV). The sources of resistance identified in this study would be useful for breeders in developing virus resistant varieties for African yam bean improvement. Keywords: African yam bean, Virus, Symptoms, ACP-Elisa, Screening.","PeriodicalId":19168,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Biotechnology","volume":"16 1","pages":"85-93"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83160833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular identification of Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) associated with tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum L.) in Ogun State","authors":"B. I. Ewedairo, A. A. Osipitan, A. R. Popoola, L. Sanni, M. Takeet","doi":"10.4314/njb.v37i1.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/njb.v37i1.5","url":null,"abstract":"The tomato fruit worm Helicoverpa armigera is a key polyphagous agricultural pest with a worldwide distribution. Apart from tomatoes, H. armigera also infests cotton, maize, chickpea and pigeon-pea. Its larvae affect almost all the aerial parts of tomato plants from the vegetative stage to the fruit maturation stage. Due to its high mobility, it causes a huge damage on crops and, as such, early detection of H. armigera from different agroecosystems is crucial for implementing control measures. Herein, we used a molecular marker approach to identify Helicoverpa spp. collected from twelve different locations in Ogun State. The H. armigera larvae used for the molecular identification were collected on tomato fruits from the 12 different locations from three agro-ecological zones in Ogun State. Genomic DNA of Helicoverpa was extracted and its purity was checked using Nanodrop spectrophotometer. Cytochrome Oxidase-I (CO-I) region of the DNA was subjected to Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) amplification. The PCR amplification of the CO-I gene after gel electrophoresis of PCR products of H. armigera showed a similar banding pattern at 700 base pairs which confirmed the insect as H. armigera.","PeriodicalId":19168,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Biotechnology","volume":"7 1","pages":"46-54"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74726830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anti-mitotic and anti-proliferation potentials of aqueous and methanolic extracts of fermented Citrullus vulgaris (ogiri-egusi) seeds","authors":"R. A. Ayo-Lawal, S. O. Azeez, O. Osoniyi","doi":"10.4314/njb.v37i1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/njb.v37i1.1","url":null,"abstract":"There is a growing scientific evidence of the health-enhancing benefits of fermented food and beverages, especially in cancer prevention and treatment. Ogiri-egusi is an indigenously fermented condiment consumed in some West African countries, and prepared mainly from natural fermentation of melon (Citrullus vulgaris) seeds. The condiment has been previously reported to possess anti-oxidative and anti hyperlipid emic properties. In this study, different concentrations of ogiri-egusi extracts were exposed to actively dividing cells from Allium cepa meristematic roots and Saccharomyces cerevisiae for the antimitotic and antiproliferative investigations, respectively. There was a statistically significant reduction in mitotic activities of the treated A. cepa meristematic cells compared to the untreated cells. The mitotic index (MI) of the untreated cells was 28.38 ± 4.58. At a concentration of 1.0 mg/ml, the extracts induced a reduction in the MI to 6.02 ± 2.74 and 4.94 ± 0.61 in the aqueous and methanolic extractstreated cells, respectively. Some chromosomal aberrations were also observed. In addition, proliferation in yeast cells was significantly inhibited at all the concentrations of the aqueous extract examined as well as at the highest concentration of the methanolic extract. These results provide useful insights to the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of fermented Citrullus vulgaris.","PeriodicalId":19168,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Biotechnology","volume":"7 1","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82042468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}