Abant Medical Journal最新文献

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Comparison of some of the scoring systems and mean platelet volume in the prediction of mortality in patients admitted to the emergency department with upper gastrointestinal bleeding 几种评分系统与平均血小板体积在预测急诊上消化道出血患者死亡率中的比较
Abant Medical Journal Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.5505/ABANTMEDJ.2014.92485
B. Işık, Fatih Büyükçam, F. Ekız, D. Atik, M. Karakılıç
{"title":"Comparison of some of the scoring systems and mean platelet volume in the prediction of mortality in patients admitted to the emergency department with upper gastrointestinal bleeding","authors":"B. Işık, Fatih Büyükçam, F. Ekız, D. Atik, M. Karakılıç","doi":"10.5505/ABANTMEDJ.2014.92485","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5505/ABANTMEDJ.2014.92485","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":191658,"journal":{"name":"Abant Medical Journal","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115480823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
A Becker Nevus Case With Contralaterally Located Two Seperate Lesions 贝克痣对侧两个独立病灶1例
Abant Medical Journal Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.5505/ABANTMEDJ.2014.39974
Pınar Ozuğuz, S. Kaçar, Serap Polat
{"title":"A Becker Nevus Case With Contralaterally Located Two Seperate Lesions","authors":"Pınar Ozuğuz, S. Kaçar, Serap Polat","doi":"10.5505/ABANTMEDJ.2014.39974","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5505/ABANTMEDJ.2014.39974","url":null,"abstract":"Ozet Abstract Amac: Becker nevus (BN) genellikle peripubertal donemde ortaya cikan, siklikla sirt, omuz, gogus ve kollarin ust kisimlarinda yerlesim gosteren, uzerinde hipertrikoz izlenebilen hiperpigmente makul ve yamalar ile karakterize bir lezyondur. Siklikla unilateral ve tek bir lezyon seklinde gorulmektedir. Burada kontralateral lokalizasyonlarda 2 adet lezyonu olan bir BN olgusu sunulmustur. Objective: Becker nevus (BN) is characterized by hyperpigmented macules and patches on which hypertrichosis can be observed, it usually arises in prepubertal period and is commonly located on back, shoulder, chest and upper arms. It is frequently unilateral and present as a sole lesion. We herein, present a BN case with two lesions contralaterally located.","PeriodicalId":191658,"journal":{"name":"Abant Medical Journal","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115570604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The late recurrence of the enchondromas after curratege treatment in the hand; a case report 手部软骨瘤治疗后晚期复发;病例报告
Abant Medical Journal Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.5505/ABANTMEDJ.2012.62207
U. H. Golge, Cengiz Işık
{"title":"The late recurrence of the enchondromas after curratege treatment in the hand; a case report","authors":"U. H. Golge, Cengiz Işık","doi":"10.5505/ABANTMEDJ.2012.62207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5505/ABANTMEDJ.2012.62207","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":191658,"journal":{"name":"Abant Medical Journal","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114480742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Practical Approach Providing Time Saving in Bone Marrow Biopsy Reporting: Use of Templat 在骨髓活检报告中节省时间的实用方法:使用Templat
Abant Medical Journal Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.5505/ABANTMEDJ.2018.54775
S. Fındık, Pembe Oltulu
{"title":"Practical Approach Providing Time Saving in Bone Marrow Biopsy Reporting: Use of Templat","authors":"S. Fındık, Pembe Oltulu","doi":"10.5505/ABANTMEDJ.2018.54775","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5505/ABANTMEDJ.2018.54775","url":null,"abstract":"Özet GİRİŞ ve AMAÇ: Kemik iliği değerlendirilmesi birçok kan ve kemik iliği hastalıklarının tanı ve tedavisinde önemlidir. Tanı koymada aspirat, biyopsi ve periferik yayma birbirini tamamlayıcıdır. Her üç materyal de elde edildiğinde kemik iliğinin histopatolojik ve sitopatolojik olarak kapsamlı bir şekilde değerlendirilmesi sağlanır. Nihai teşhis; aspirat, biyopsi ve periferik kan bulgularının sitogenetik analiz ve uygun moleküler çalışmalar gibi ek testlerin sonuçları ile entegrasyonu gerektirir. Kemik iliği aspirat ve biyopsi numunelerinin hazırlanma, işlenme ve raporlanma yöntemleri arasında önemli derecede farklılıklar bulunabilir. Bu farklılıklar hastalıkların teşhis ve sınıflandırılmasında tedavi ve klinik sonuçları etkileyebilecek tutarsızlıklara yol açabilir. Bu nedenle; ülkemizde son yıllarda gelişmekte olan hematopatoloji bölümünde, kemik iliği biyopsi raporlarında standardizasyonunun sağlanması ve patologlara kolaylık sağlaması açısından bölümümüzde kemik iliği biyopsilerini değerlendirirken uyguladığımız standardize edilmiş rapor şablonunu tanıtmak istedik. Amacımız: kemik iliği biyopsilerinin raporlanmasında meslektaşlarımıza rehber olmak ve bir algoritma dahilinde biyopsilerin daha kolay ve daha kısa sürede çözümlenebileceğini göstermektir. YÖNTEM ve GEREÇLER: Bölümümüzde, kemik iliği biyopsisi, imprint, aspirat ve periferik yayma değerlendirilerek tanı konulan 10 farklı kemik iliği hastalığında 10 ar olguda (toplam 100 olgu) şablon kullanımından önce ve sonraki mikroskobik değerlendirme ve sekreterya aşamasındaki raporlamada geçen süreler değerlendirildi. BULGULAR: Kemik iliği biyopsilerini değerlendirmede kullandığımız şablonun; mikroskobik tanı koyma ve raporlama aşamasındaki geçen süreleri anlamlı derecede kısalttığı tespit edildi. TARTIŞMA ve SONUÇ: Şablonumuzun kullanımı kolay ve pratik olup; hata ya da noksanları en aza indirmekte ve aynı zamanda zamandan tasarruf sağlamaktadır. Abstract INTRODUCTION: The bone marrow examination is an essential for the diagnosis and management of many disorders of the blood and bone marrow. The aspirate, biopsy and peripheral smear are complementary to each other in diagnosis. When all three materials are obtained, bone marrow is assessed extensively by histopathological and cytopathological. Final diagnosis requires integration with the results of additional tests such as cytogenetic analysis of aspirate, biopsy and peripheral blood findings and appropriate molecular studies. Significant differences may exist between the methods of preparation, processing, and reporting of bone marrow aspirate and biopsy specimens. These differences can lead to inconsistencies that may affect treatment and clinical outcomes in the diagnosis and classification of diseases. Therefore; we wanted to share a standardized report template that we applied during the evaluation of bone marrow biopsies in our hematopathology department in recent years. Our purpose is to guide our colleagues in reporting bone marrow b","PeriodicalId":191658,"journal":{"name":"Abant Medical Journal","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116980662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Congenital lobar emphysema 先天性肺气肿
Abant Medical Journal Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.5505/ABANTMEDJ.2014.24186
Mehmet Halil Çeliksoy, Ayhan Söğüt, R. Sancak, O. Koken
{"title":"Congenital lobar emphysema","authors":"Mehmet Halil Çeliksoy, Ayhan Söğüt, R. Sancak, O. Koken","doi":"10.5505/ABANTMEDJ.2014.24186","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5505/ABANTMEDJ.2014.24186","url":null,"abstract":"Ozet Abstract Bir ya da birden fazla akciger lobunun disaridan bir basi olmadan hiperinflasyonu konjenital lober amfizem olarak tanimlanir. Etyolojisi henuz tam olarak anlasilamamasina ragmen, bir cok yazar bronsiyal anormallikler ya da alveolar defektlerin sonucu olarak olustugunu bildirir. Bazi teoriler yetersiz kikirdak desteginin sonucunda bronsial kollapsi da icerir. Siklikla sol ust lob, ardindan orta ve sag ust loblar, etkilenir, alt loblar ise nadiren etkilenir. En sik klinik prezentasyonu, lokal hava hapsi nedeni ile ipsilateral ya da kontrlateral normal akcigere basi sonrasi yenidoganda akut solunum sikintisi yapmasidir. Konjenital lober amfizem lobektomi ile basarili olarak tedavi edilir. Cocuklarda bir den fazla lob alinsa bile, muhtemelen kompansatuar alveolar buyumenin etkisiyle prognoz iyidir. Bu olgu sunumunda nispeten gec tani alan 3 yasinda bir kiz hasta sunuldu. Congenital lobar emphysema is defined by hyperinflation of one or more lung lobes in the absence of extrinsic bronchial obstruction. Although the etiology has yet to be fully understood, many authors have reported it as the result of bronchial abnormalities or alveolar defects. Some theories include bronchial collapse resulting from inadequate cartilaginous support. The left upper lobe is usually the most frequently affected, followed by the middle and right upper lobes, the lower lobes being rarely affected. The most common clinical presentation is neonatal acute respiratory distress, which is caused by localized air trapping that compresses the ipsilateral and contralateral normal lungs. Congenital lobar emphysema was treated successfully by lobectomy. The prognosis is good even when more than one lobe is resected and probably reflects the potential for compensatory alveolar growth in children. In this case report, 3 years old girl patient who diagnosed relatively late is presented.","PeriodicalId":191658,"journal":{"name":"Abant Medical Journal","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117003464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The pathogenesis of hypertension in end stage renal disease; the importance of the sodium and volume control 终末期肾病高血压的发病机制探讨钠和体积控制的重要性
Abant Medical Journal Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.5505/ABANTMEDJ.2012.36844
H. Tekçe, G. Aktas, S. Kurşat
{"title":"The pathogenesis of hypertension in end stage renal disease; the importance of the sodium and volume control","authors":"H. Tekçe, G. Aktas, S. Kurşat","doi":"10.5505/ABANTMEDJ.2012.36844","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5505/ABANTMEDJ.2012.36844","url":null,"abstract":"İletisim Bilgisi / Correspondence Yard. Doç. Dr. Hikmet Tekçe, Abant İzzet Baysal Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi, İç Hastalıkları AD, Nefroloji BD, Bolu Telefon: 037425354656 E-posta: drtekce@yahoo.com Geliş tarihi / Received: Haziran / June 25, 2012; Kabul tarihi / Accepted: Temmuz / July 16, 2012 Çıkar Çatışması /Conflict Of Interest: Yok /None 177 Son Dönem Böbrek Yetmezliğinde Hipertansiyon ve Patogenezi; Sodyum ve","PeriodicalId":191658,"journal":{"name":"Abant Medical Journal","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123454144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Prevalence of Adult Attention and Hyperactivity Disorders Symptoms Among Those Have History of Substance Abuse 有药物滥用史的成年人注意力和多动障碍症状的患病率
Abant Medical Journal Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.5505/abantmedj.2014.30974
Uğur Çakır, Eda Inan, Esin Temeloğlu Şen, U. Karabulut, A. Tekes, Ayla Tanriverdi
{"title":"Prevalence of Adult Attention and Hyperactivity Disorders Symptoms Among Those Have History of Substance Abuse","authors":"Uğur Çakır, Eda Inan, Esin Temeloğlu Şen, U. Karabulut, A. Tekes, Ayla Tanriverdi","doi":"10.5505/abantmedj.2014.30974","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5505/abantmedj.2014.30974","url":null,"abstract":"Amac: Bu calismada denetimli serbestlik uygulamasina devam etmekte olan madde kotuye kullanim oykusune sahip bireylerde eriskin dikkat eksikligi ve hiperaktivite (DEHB) belirtilerinin yayginliginin tespit edilmesi amaclanmistir. Yontem: Calismaya denetimli serbestlik kapsaminda klinigi- mize basvuran 2'si kadin, 105'i erkek toplam 107 kisi katil- mistir. Madde kullanim bozuklugunun (MKB) degerlendiril- mesinde DSM-IV Eksen I bozukluklari icin yapilandirilmis klinik gorusme formu (SCID-I), eriskin DEHB belirtilerinin belirlenmesinde Eriskin Dikkat Eksikligi Hiperaktivite Olcegi kullanilmistir.","PeriodicalId":191658,"journal":{"name":"Abant Medical Journal","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123526981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Evaluation of Colistin Nephrotoxicity in Intensive Care Diseases of Patient 粘菌素对重症患者肾毒性的评价
Abant Medical Journal Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.5505/abantmedj.2018.39306
F. Efe, F. Ebinç, S. Karakaya, I. Karadag, Murat Eser, O. Ünsal, A. A. Kutlugun, E. Beyan
{"title":"Evaluation of Colistin Nephrotoxicity in Intensive Care Diseases of Patient","authors":"F. Efe, F. Ebinç, S. Karakaya, I. Karadag, Murat Eser, O. Ünsal, A. A. Kutlugun, E. Beyan","doi":"10.5505/abantmedj.2018.39306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5505/abantmedj.2018.39306","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":191658,"journal":{"name":"Abant Medical Journal","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121949646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Letter to the editor: The mean platelet volume should not be used in prediction of mortality 致编辑:平均血小板体积不应用于预测死亡率
Abant Medical Journal Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.5505/ABANTMEDJ.2015.18480
C. Beyan, E. Beyan
{"title":"Letter to the editor: The mean platelet volume should not be used in prediction of mortality","authors":"C. Beyan, E. Beyan","doi":"10.5505/ABANTMEDJ.2015.18480","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5505/ABANTMEDJ.2015.18480","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":191658,"journal":{"name":"Abant Medical Journal","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124080913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Efficacy of Gnrh Antagonist Usage in Infertility Patients with Policystic Ovary Syndrome during IUI Cycles Gnrh拮抗剂在宫内人工授精周期不孕不育伴卵巢综合征患者中的应用效果
Abant Medical Journal Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.5505/abantmedj.2017.81488
Yeliz Akpinar Mayir, Lütfiye Eren Yazici, N. Erkal, M. Akar
{"title":"Efficacy of Gnrh Antagonist Usage in Infertility Patients with Policystic Ovary Syndrome during IUI Cycles","authors":"Yeliz Akpinar Mayir, Lütfiye Eren Yazici, N. Erkal, M. Akar","doi":"10.5505/abantmedj.2017.81488","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5505/abantmedj.2017.81488","url":null,"abstract":"Özet GİRİŞ ve AMAÇ: Polikistik over sendromu anovulasyon ile ilişkili olarak infertilite ve menstrüel disfonksiyona yol açan bir hastalıktır. Bu çalışmada polikistik over sendromlu infertil hastalarda intrauterin inseminasyon siklusunda gonadotropin salgılatıcı hormon antagonisti kullanımının folliküler gelişim, tedavi süresi ve gebelik oranları üzerine etkisi araştırılmıştır. YÖNTEM ve GEREÇLER: Çalışmaya 20-35 yaş arası polikistik over sendromu olan infertil 54 hasta dahil edildi. Hastalar iki gruba ayrıldı. İlk gruba düşük doz basamaklı artım rejimi ile rekombinant FSH ve GnRH antagonisti kullanılarak ovulasyon indüksiyonu sonrası human koryonik gonadotropin uygulamasını takiben intrauterin inseminasyon yapılan hastalar dahil edildi (Grup 1, n: 27). Kontrol grubunda aynı protokol ile ovaryan stimülasyon ve inseminasyon yapılan ancak GnRH antagonisti kullanılmayan hastalar dahil edildi (Grup 2, n: 27). BULGULAR: Grup 2’deki iki hastada tedavi sırasında gelişen prematür LH artışı nedeniyle sikluslar iptal edildi ve bu iki hasta çalışma dışı bırakıldı. Grup 1’de hiçbir hastada prematür LH artışı izlenmedi. Tedavi sonunda grup 1’de daha fazla hastada monofoliküler gelişim saptandı. Grup 1’de grup 2’ye göre dominant folikül sayısı ve E2 oranı daha düşük idi. Grup 1’de hastaların % 33’ünde (9/27), grup 2’de ise % 16’sında (4/25) gebelik tespit edildi. TARTIŞMA ve SONUÇ: İVF sikluslarında kullanımı gün geçtikçe artan GnRH antagonisti sayesinde ovulasyon indüksiyonu sonrası planlanan inseminasyon sikluslarında özellikle PKOS’li hastalarda izlenen ve siklus iptallerine neden olan prematür LH artışının da önüne geçilebilir ve gebelik oranları arttırılabilir. Abstract INTRODUCTION: Polycystic ovary syndrome goes with menstruel irregularity and infertility due to anovulation. In this study, we investigate usage of gonadotropin releasing hormone antagonist for intrauterine insemination cycles among infertile polycystic ovary syndrome patients and also effect of treatment on follicular growth, treatment duration, pregnancy rates. METHODS: 54 patients with polycystic ovary syndrome were included in study, ages between 20-35 years. Patients were divided into two groups. At first group, intrauterine insemination was applied after hCG injection following ovulation stimulation with low dose step up regimen with recombinant FSH and GnRH antagonist application (Group 1, n: 27). At control group ovulation stimulation with same regimen and insemination applied except for GnRH antagonist usage (Group 2, n: 27). RESULTS: In group 2, two patients were excluded from study because of cancellation of cycle due to premature LH increase. Premature increasement in LH levels wasn’t observed in group 2. Monofollicular growth rate was higher in group 1 at end of treatment. Dominant follicular amount and estradiol levels were lower in group 1. Pregnancy rates were 33% and 16% among group 1 and group 2 respectively. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Premature increasement of LH levels c","PeriodicalId":191658,"journal":{"name":"Abant Medical Journal","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128569016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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