New Journal of Science最新文献_第3页

Protein Kinase C (PKC) Isozymes and Cancer 蛋白激酶C同工酶与癌症

New Journal of Science Pub Date : 2014-05-04 DOI: 10.1155/2014/231418

Jeong-Hun Kang

引用次数: 73

Melanins: Skin Pigments and Much More—Types, Structural Models, Biological Functions, and Formation Routes 黑色素:皮肤色素及更多——类型、结构模型、生物功能和形成途径

New Journal of Science Pub Date : 2014-03-18 DOI: 10.1155/2014/498276

F. Solano

{"title":"Melanins: Skin Pigments and Much More—Types, Structural Models, Biological Functions, and Formation Routes","authors":"F. Solano","doi":"10.1155/2014/498276","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/498276","url":null,"abstract":"This review presents a general view of all types of melanin in all types of organisms. Melanin is frequently considered just an animal cutaneous pigment and is treated separately from similar fungal or bacterial pigments. Similarities concerning the phenol precursors and common patterns in the formation routes are discussed. All melanins are formed in a first enzymatically-controlled phase, generally a phenolase, and a second phase characterized by an uncontrolled polymerization of the oxidized intermediates. In that second phase, quinones derived from phenol oxidation play a crucial role. Concerning functions, all melanins show a common feature, a protective role, but they are not merely photoprotective pigments against UV sunlight. In pathogenic microorganisms, melanization becomes a virulence factor since melanin protects microbial cells from defense mechanisms in the infected host. In turn, some melanins are formed in tissues where sunlight radiation is not a potential threat. Then, their redox, metal chelating, or free radical scavenging properties are more important than light absorption capacity. These pigments sometimes behave as a double-edged sword, and inhibition of melanogenesis is desirable in different cells. Melanin biochemistry is an active field of research from dermatological, biomedical, cosmetical, and microbiological points of view, as well as fruit technology.","PeriodicalId":19156,"journal":{"name":"New Journal of Science","volume":"335 1","pages":"1-28"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88034100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 397

Advances and Prospects in Cancer Immunotherapy 肿瘤免疫治疗的进展与展望

New Journal of Science Pub Date : 2014-03-13 DOI: 10.1155/2014/745808

Juhua Zhou

引用次数: 30

Programmed Cell Death in Neurospora crassa 粗神经孢子虫的程序性细胞死亡

New Journal of Science Pub Date : 2014-03-02 DOI: 10.1155/2014/479015

A. P. Gonçalves, A. Videira

引用次数: 10

Mammalian MYC Proteins and Cancer 哺乳动物MYC蛋白与癌症

New Journal of Science Pub Date : 2014-02-02 DOI: 10.1155/2014/757534

W. Tansey

引用次数: 148

Biology of the KCNQ1 Potassium Channel KCNQ1钾通道的生物学研究

New Journal of Science Pub Date : 2014-01-29 DOI: 10.1155/2014/237431

G. Abbott

{"title":"Biology of the KCNQ1 Potassium Channel","authors":"G. Abbott","doi":"10.1155/2014/237431","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/237431","url":null,"abstract":"Ion channels are essential for basic cellular function and for processes including sensory perception and intercellular communication in multicellular organisms. Voltage-gated potassium (Kv) channels facilitate dynamic cellular repolarization during an action potential, opening in response to membrane depolarization to facilitate K+ efflux. In both excitable and nonexcitable cells other, constitutively active, K+ channels provide a relatively constant repolarizing force to control membrane potential, ion homeostasis, and secretory processes. Of the forty known human Kv channel pore-forming α subunits that coassemble in various combinations to form the fundamental tetrameric channel pore and voltage sensor module, KCNQ1 is unique. KCNQ1 stands alone in having the capacity to form either channels that are voltage-dependent and require membrane depolarization for activation, or constitutively active channels. In mammals, KCNQ1 regulates processes including gastric acid secretion, thyroid hormone biosynthesis, salt and glucose homeostasis, and cell volume and in some species is required for rhythmic beating of the heart. In this review, the author discusses the unique functional properties, regulation, cell biology, diverse physiological roles, and involvement in human disease states of this chameleonic K+ channel.","PeriodicalId":19156,"journal":{"name":"New Journal of Science","volume":"92 1","pages":"1-26"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73644446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 87

Vacuolar H+-ATPase: An Essential Multitasking Enzyme in Physiology and Pathophysiology 液泡H+- atp酶:生理和病理生理中必不可少的多任务酶

New Journal of Science Pub Date : 2014-01-23 DOI: 10.1155/2014/675430

L. Holliday

{"title":"Vacuolar H+-ATPase: An Essential Multitasking Enzyme in Physiology and Pathophysiology","authors":"L. Holliday","doi":"10.1155/2014/675430","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/675430","url":null,"abstract":"Vacuolar H+-ATPases (V-ATPases) are large multisubunit proton pumps that are required for housekeeping acidification of membrane-bound compartments in eukaryotic cells. Mammalian V-ATPases are composed of 13 different subunits. Their housekeeping functions include acidifying endosomes, lysosomes, phagosomes, compartments for uncoupling receptors and ligands, autophagosomes, and elements of the Golgi apparatus. Specialized cells, including osteoclasts, intercalated cells in the kidney and pancreatic beta cells, contain both the housekeeping V-ATPases and an additional subset of V-ATPases, which plays a cell type specific role. The specialized V-ATPases are typically marked by the inclusion of cell type specific isoforms of one or more of the subunits. Three human diseases caused by mutations of isoforms of subunits have been identified. Cancer cells utilize V-ATPases in unusual ways; characterization of V-ATPases may lead to new therapeutic modalities for the treatment of cancer. Two accessory proteins to the V-ATPase have been identified that regulate the proton pump. One is the (pro)renin receptor and data is emerging that indicates that V-ATPase may be intimately linked to renin/angiotensin signaling both systemically and locally. In summary, V-ATPases play vital housekeeping roles in eukaryotic cells. Specialized versions of the pump are required by specific organ systems and are involved in diseases.","PeriodicalId":19156,"journal":{"name":"New Journal of Science","volume":"12 1","pages":"1-21"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81979695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 56

Tumour immunogenicity, antigen presentation and immunological barriers in cancer immunotherapy. 肿瘤免疫原性、抗原递呈和免疫屏障在肿瘤免疫治疗中的应用。

New Journal of Science Pub Date : 2014-01-05 DOI: 10.1155/2014/734515

David Escors

{"title":"Tumour immunogenicity, antigen presentation and immunological barriers in cancer immunotherapy.","authors":"David Escors","doi":"10.1155/2014/734515","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/734515","url":null,"abstract":"Since the beginning of the 20th century, scientists have tried to stimulate the anti-tumour activities of the immune system to fight against cancer. However, the scientific effort devoted on the development of cancer immunotherapy has not been translated into the expected clinical success. On the contrary, classical anti-neoplastic treatments such as surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy are the first line of treatment. Nevertheless, there is compelling evidence on the immunogenicity of cancer cells, and the capacity of the immune system to expand cancer-specific effector cytotoxic T cells. However, the effective activation of anti-cancer T cell responses strongly depends on efficient tumour antigen presentation from professional antigen presenting cells such as dendritic cells (DCs). Several strategies have been used to boost DC antigen presenting functions, but at the end cancer immunotherapy is not as effective as would be expected according to preclinical models. In this review we comment on these discrepancies, focusing our attention on the contribution of regulatory T cells and myeloid-derived suppressor cells to the lack of therapeutic success of DC-based cancer immunotherapy.","PeriodicalId":19156,"journal":{"name":"New Journal of Science","volume":"2014 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2014/734515","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32182217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 87

Between Amyloids and Aggregation Lies a Connection with Strength and Adhesion. 淀粉样蛋白与聚集体之间存在着强度和粘附性的联系。

New Journal of Science Pub Date : 2014-01-01 DOI: 10.1155/2014/815102

Peter N Lipke, Caleen Ramsook, Melissa C Garcia-Sherman, Desmond N Jackson, Cho X J Chan, Michael Bois, Stephen A Klotz

{"title":"Between Amyloids and Aggregation Lies a Connection with Strength and Adhesion.","authors":"Peter N Lipke, Caleen Ramsook, Melissa C Garcia-Sherman, Desmond N Jackson, Cho X J Chan, Michael Bois, Stephen A Klotz","doi":"10.1155/2014/815102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/815102","url":null,"abstract":"We tell of a journey that led to discovery of amyloids formed by yeast cell adhesins and their importance in biofilms and host immunity. We begin with the identification of the adhesin functional amyloid-forming sequences that mediate fiber formation in vitro. Atomic force microscopy and confocal microscopy show 2-dimensional amyloid \"nanodomains\" on the surface of cells that are activated for adhesion. These nanodomains are arrays of adhesin molecules that bind multivalent ligands with high avidity. Nanodomains form when adhesin molecules are stretched in the AFM or under laminar flow. Treatment with antiamyloid perturbants or mutation of the amyloid sequence prevents adhesion nanodomain formation and activation. We are now discovering biological consequences. Adhesin nanodomains promote formation and maintenance of biofilms, which are microbial communities. Also, in abscesses within candidiasis patients, we find adhesin amyloids on the surface of the fungi. In both human infection and a Caenorhabditis elegans infection model, the presence of fungal surface amyloids elicits anti-inflammatory responses. Thus, this is a story of how fungal adhesins respond to extension forces through formation of cell surface amyloid nanodomains, with key consequences for biofilm formation and host responses.","PeriodicalId":19156,"journal":{"name":"New Journal of Science","volume":"2014 ","pages":"815102"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2014/815102","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32260316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 20