Neuron glia biology最新文献_第2页

Microglia in development: linking brain wiring to brain environment. 发育中的小胶质细胞:连接大脑线路和大脑环境。

Neuron glia biology Pub Date : 2011-02-01 DOI: 10.1017/S1740925X12000105

Rosa C Paolicelli, Cornelius T Gross

引用次数: 109

Using comparative anatomy in the axotomy model to identify distinct roles for microglia and astrocytes in synaptic stripping. 利用比较解剖学在轴突切开术模型中确定小胶质细胞和星形胶质细胞在突触剥离中的不同作用。

Neuron glia biology Pub Date : 2011-02-01 Epub Date: 2012-01-05 DOI: 10.1017/S1740925X11000135

Shozo Jinno, Jun Yamada

{"title":"Using comparative anatomy in the axotomy model to identify distinct roles for microglia and astrocytes in synaptic stripping.","authors":"Shozo Jinno, Jun Yamada","doi":"10.1017/S1740925X11000135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S1740925X11000135","url":null,"abstract":"The synaptic terminals' withdrawal from the somata and proximal dendrites of injured motoneuron by the processes of glial cells following facial nerve axotomy has been the subject of research for many years. This phenomenon is referred to as synaptic stripping, which is assumed to help survival and regeneration of neurons via reduction of synaptic inputs. Because there is no disruption of the blood-brain barrier or infiltration of macrophages, the axotomy paradigm has the advantage of being able to selectively investigate the roles of resident glial cells in the brain. Although there have been numerous studies of synaptic stripping, the detailed mechanisms are still under debate. Here we suggest that the species and strain differences that are often present in previous work might be related to the current controversies of axotomy studies. For instance, the survival ratios of axotomized neurons were generally found to be higher in rats than in mice. However, some studies have used the axotomy paradigm to follow the glial reactions and did not assess variations in neuronal viability. In the first part of this article, we summarize and discuss the current knowledge on species and strain differences in neuronal survival, glial augmentation and synaptic stripping. In the second part, we focus on our recent findings, which show the differential involvement of microglia and astrocytes in synaptic stripping and neuronal survival. This article suggests that the comparative study of the axotomy paradigm across various species and strains may provide many important and unexpected discoveries on the multifaceted roles of microglia and astrocytes in injury and repair.","PeriodicalId":19153,"journal":{"name":"Neuron glia biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/S1740925X11000135","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30363804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 25

Physiological function of microglia. 小胶质细胞的生理功能。

Neuron glia biology Pub Date : 2011-02-01 DOI: 10.1017/S1740925X12000166

Hiroaki Wake, R Douglas Fields

引用次数: 40

Neonatal rat microglia derived from different brain regions have distinct activation responses. 新生大鼠不同脑区的小胶质细胞有不同的激活反应。

Neuron glia biology Pub Date : 2011-02-01 DOI: 10.1017/S1740925X12000154

Aaron Y Lai, Kamaldeep S Dhami, Comfort D Dibal, Kathryn G Todd

{"title":"Neonatal rat microglia derived from different brain regions have distinct activation responses.","authors":"Aaron Y Lai, Kamaldeep S Dhami, Comfort D Dibal, Kathryn G Todd","doi":"10.1017/S1740925X12000154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S1740925X12000154","url":null,"abstract":"The regional heterogeneity of neuronal phenotypes is a well-known phenomenon. Whether or not glia derived from different brain regions are phenotypically and functionally distinct is less clear. Here, we show that microglia, the resident immune cells of the brain, display region-specific responses for activating agents including glutamate (GLU), lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP). Primary microglial cultures were prepared from brainstem (Brs), cortex (Ctx), hippocampus (Hip), striatum (Str) and thalamus (Thl) of 1-day-old rats and were shown to upregulate the release of nitric oxide (NO) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in a region- and activator-specific manner. With respect to ATP specifically, ATP-induced changes in microglial tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) release, GLU uptake and purinergic receptor expression were also regionally different. When co-cultured with hypoxia (Hyp)-injured neurons, ATP-stimulated microglia from different regions induced different levels of neurotoxicity. These region-specific responses could be altered by pre-conditioning the microglia in a different neurochemical milieu, with taurine (TAU) being one of the key molecules involved. Together, our results demonstrate that microglia display a regional heterogeneity when activated, and this heterogeneity likely arises from differences in the environment surrounding the microglia. These findings present an additional mechanism that may help to explain the regional selectiveness of various brain pathologies.","PeriodicalId":19153,"journal":{"name":"Neuron glia biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/S1740925X12000154","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30807380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 35

Microglia and neuronal cell death. 小胶质细胞和神经元细胞死亡

Neuron glia biology Pub Date : 2011-02-01 Epub Date: 2012-03-01 DOI: 10.1017/S1740925X12000014

José L Marín-Teva, Miguel A Cuadros, David Martín-Oliva, Julio Navascués

{"title":"Microglia and neuronal cell death.","authors":"José L Marín-Teva, Miguel A Cuadros, David Martín-Oliva, Julio Navascués","doi":"10.1017/S1740925X12000014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S1740925X12000014","url":null,"abstract":"Microglia, the brain's innate immune cell type, are cells of mesodermal origin that populate the central nervous system (CNS) during development. Undifferentiated microglia, also called ameboid microglia, have the ability to proliferate, phagocytose apoptotic cells and migrate long distances toward their final destinations throughout all CNS regions, where they acquire a mature ramified morphological phenotype. Recent studies indicate that ameboid microglial cells not only have a scavenger role during development but can also promote the death of some neuronal populations. In the mature CNS, adult microglia have highly motile processes to scan their territorial domains, and they display a panoply of effects on neurons that range from sustaining their survival and differentiation contributing to their elimination. Hence, the fine tuning of these effects results in protection of the nervous tissue, whereas perturbations in the microglial response, such as the exacerbation of microglial activation or lack of microglial response, generate adverse situations for the organization and function of the CNS. This review discusses some aspects of the relationship between microglial cells and neuronal death/survival both during normal development and during the response to injury in adulthood.","PeriodicalId":19153,"journal":{"name":"Neuron glia biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/S1740925X12000014","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30495308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 118

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor from microglia: a molecular substrate for neuropathic pain. 来自小胶质细胞的脑源性神经营养因子:神经性疼痛的分子基质。

Neuron glia biology Pub Date : 2011-02-01 Epub Date: 2012-05-22 DOI: 10.1017/S1740925X12000087

Tuan Trang, Simon Beggs, Michael W Salter

{"title":"Brain-derived neurotrophic factor from microglia: a molecular substrate for neuropathic pain.","authors":"Tuan Trang, Simon Beggs, Michael W Salter","doi":"10.1017/S1740925X12000087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S1740925X12000087","url":null,"abstract":"One of the most significant advances in pain research is the realization that neurons are not the only cell type involved in the etiology of chronic pain. This realization has caused a radical shift from the previous dogma that neuronal dysfunction alone accounts for pain pathologies to the current framework of thinking that takes into account all cell types within the central nervous system (CNS). This shift in thinking stems from growing evidence that glia can modulate the function and directly shape the cellular architecture of nociceptive networks in the CNS. Microglia, in particular, are increasingly recognized as active principal players that respond to changes in physiological homeostasis by extending their processes toward the site of neural damage, and by releasing specific factors that have profound consequences on neuronal function and that contribute to CNS pathologies caused by disease or injury. A key molecule that modulates microglia activity is ATP, an endogenous ligand of the P2 receptor family. Microglia expresses several P2 receptor subtypes, and of these the P2X4 receptor subtype has emerged as a core microglia-neuron signaling pathway: activation of this receptor drives the release of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a cellular substrate that causes disinhibition of pain-transmitting spinal lamina I neurons. Converging evidence points to BDNF from spinal microglia as being a critical microglia-neuron signaling molecule that gates aberrant nociceptive processing in the spinal cord. The present review highlights recent advances in our understanding of P2X4 receptor-mediated signaling and regulation of BDNF in microglia, as well as the implications for microglia-neuron interactions in the pathobiology of neuropathic pain.","PeriodicalId":19153,"journal":{"name":"Neuron glia biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/S1740925X12000087","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30632287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 191

Functions of microglia in the central nervous system--beyond the immune response. 中枢神经系统中小胶质细胞的功能——超越免疫反应。

Neuron glia biology Pub Date : 2011-02-01 Epub Date: 2012-05-22 DOI: 10.1017/S1740925X12000063

Hiroaki Wake, Andrew J Moorhouse, Junichi Nabekura

{"title":"Functions of microglia in the central nervous system--beyond the immune response.","authors":"Hiroaki Wake, Andrew J Moorhouse, Junichi Nabekura","doi":"10.1017/S1740925X12000063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S1740925X12000063","url":null,"abstract":"Microglia cells are the immune cells of the central nervous system and consequently play important roles in brain infections and inflammation. Recent in vivo imaging studies have revealed that in the resting healthy brain, microglia are highly dynamic, moving constantly to actively survey the brain parenchyma. These active microglia can rapidly respond to pathological insults, becoming activated to induce a range of effects that may contribute to both pathogenesis, or to confer neuronal protection. However, interactions between microglia and neurons are being recognized as important in shaping neural circuit activity under more normal, physiological conditions. During development and neurogenesis, microglia interactions with neurons help to shape the final patterns of neural circuits important for behavior and with implications for diseases. In the mature brain, microglia can respond to changes in sensory activity and can influence neuronal activity acutely and over the long term. Microglia seem to be particularly involved in monitoring the integrity of synaptic function. In this review, we discuss some of these new insights into the involvement of microglia in neural circuits.","PeriodicalId":19153,"journal":{"name":"Neuron glia biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/S1740925X12000063","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30634064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 109

Does microglial dysfunction play a role in autism and Rett syndrome? 小胶质细胞功能障碍是否在自闭症和Rett综合征中起作用?

Neuron glia biology Pub Date : 2011-02-01 Epub Date: 2012-04-30 DOI: 10.1017/S1740925X1200004X

Izumi Maezawa, Marco Calafiore, Heike Wulff, Lee-Way Jin

{"title":"Does microglial dysfunction play a role in autism and Rett syndrome?","authors":"Izumi Maezawa, Marco Calafiore, Heike Wulff, Lee-Way Jin","doi":"10.1017/S1740925X1200004X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S1740925X1200004X","url":null,"abstract":"Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) including classic autism is a group of complex developmental disabilities with core deficits of impaired social interactions, communication difficulties and repetitive behaviors. Although the neurobiology of ASDs has attracted much attention in the last two decades, the role of microglia has been ignored. Existing data are focused on their recognized role in neuroinflammation, which only covers a small part of the pathological repertoire of microglia. This review highlights recent findings on the broader roles of microglia, including their active surveillance of brain microenvironments and regulation of synaptic connectivity, maturation of brain circuitry and neurogenesis. Emerging evidence suggests that microglia respond to pre- and postnatal environmental stimuli through epigenetic interface to change gene expression, thus acting as effectors of experience-dependent synaptic plasticity. Impairments of these microglial functions could substantially contribute to several major etiological factors of autism, such as environmental toxins and cortical underconnectivity. Our recent study on Rett syndrome, a syndromic autistic disorder, provides an example that intrinsic microglial dysfunction due to genetic and epigenetic aberrations could detrimentally affect the developmental trajectory without evoking neuroinflammation. We propose that ASDs provide excellent opportunities to study the influence of microglia on neurodevelopment, and this knowledge could lead to novel therapies.","PeriodicalId":19153,"journal":{"name":"Neuron glia biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/S1740925X1200004X","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30704805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 38

The role of microglia at synapses in the healthy CNS: novel insights from recent imaging studies. 健康中枢神经系统突触小胶质细胞的作用:来自最近影像学研究的新见解。

Neuron glia biology Pub Date : 2011-02-01 Epub Date: 2012-03-15 DOI: 10.1017/S1740925X12000038

Marie-Ève Tremblay

引用次数: 95

Regulation of microglia by ionotropic glutamatergic and GABAergic neurotransmission. 嗜离子性谷氨酸能和氨基丁酸能神经传递对小胶质细胞的调节。

Neuron glia biology Pub Date : 2011-02-01 Epub Date: 2011-12-14 DOI: 10.1017/S1740925X11000123

Wai T Wong, Minhua Wang, Wei Li

{"title":"Regulation of microglia by ionotropic glutamatergic and GABAergic neurotransmission.","authors":"Wai T Wong, Minhua Wang, Wei Li","doi":"10.1017/S1740925X11000123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S1740925X11000123","url":null,"abstract":"Recent studies have indicated that constitutive functions of microglia in the healthy adult central nervous system (CNS) involve immune surveillance, synapse maintenance and trophic support. These functions have been related to the ramified structure of 'resting' microglia and the prominent motility in their processes that provide extensive coverage of the entire extracellular milleu. In this review, we examine how external signals, and in particular, ionotropic neurotransmission, regulate features of microglial morphology and process motility. Current findings indicate that microglial physiology in the healthy CNS is constitutively and reciprocally regulated by endogenous ionotropic glutamatergic and GABAergic neurotransmission. These influences do not act directly on microglial cells but indirectly via the activity-dependent release of ATP, likely through a mechanism involving pannexin channels. Microglia in the 'resting' state are not only dynamically active, but also constantly engaged in ongoing communication with neuronal and macroglial components of the CNS in a functionally relevant way.","PeriodicalId":19153,"journal":{"name":"Neuron glia biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/S1740925X11000123","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30323244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 30