{"title":"Globalized Values and Postcolonial Responses","authors":"H. Wasserman","doi":"10.1177/1748048506060116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1748048506060116","url":null,"abstract":"Globalization has had a far-reaching effect on media technologies worldwide. Concomitant with this global spread of media forms, liberal views of the media’s role in a democracy have been exported to countries outside the West. In scholarly debates, attempts are increasingly made to globalize media ethics on the basis of a search for universal ethics. However, reactions against western, liberal-democratic views of the media’s role in society in postcolonial African countries have indicated that the dominant liberal framework is not universally applicable. Against the background of attempts to globalize media ethics and in the light of African responses against liberal-democratic frameworks, this article provides an illustration of the tension between different normative frameworks in a postcolonial context. It takes the South African media environment as an example of how different normative media frameworks may collide. An overview is given of the development of normative media ethical frameworks during the first decade of democracy in South Africa, as part of the shift towards self-regulation that the media underwent after the era of oppressive state regulation. Against the background of the conflicts that have marked the media’s relationship with government during the first decade after apartheid, as well as critical debates about the media’s roles and responsibilities in a new democratic society marked by continued social polarization and material inequalities, the article argues that the current normative frameworks within which the media operate are in need of revision. The article suggests that such a revisionary project could draw on postcolonial theory in order to renegotiate the orthodox media ethical frameworks inherited from western societies and contextualize it within the current historical, (geo)political and cultural juncture in South Africa. In the debate about global media ethics, this revision of South African normative media frameworks may then serve as an example of how western media ethics should be adapted to local contexts.","PeriodicalId":191414,"journal":{"name":"The International Communication Gazette","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122380478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Images of the Kosovo War","authors":"S. Quarta","doi":"10.1177/1748048506060117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1748048506060117","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents a qualitative analysis of a sample of Italian children’s drawings and writings about the war in Kosovo. The analysis gives an in-depth reading of the children’s material, highlighting their feelings and the way in which they represent the dynamics and the protagonists of war. It is noted that the way that war is represented by children is filtered by adults’ interpretations, whose own vision is dichotomous. The children’s vision of Kosovo reflects the fears, nightmares and stereotypes of the adults, even if mediated by the particular sensitivity of youth. The moral duty to help their peers in Kosovo and the need to explain war as unavoidable are mixed with the need to keep one’s own space untouched. The article concludes that it is precisely this kaleidoscopic vision of the war that strengthens the adults’ stereotypes, according to which Milosevic is the ‘bad guy’, who must be overthrown, but the people from Kosovo are a threat to the rhythm of everyday life.","PeriodicalId":191414,"journal":{"name":"The International Communication Gazette","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130744750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Top-Down or Bottom-Up?","authors":"U. Kivikuru","doi":"10.1177/1748048506060113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1748048506060113","url":null,"abstract":"The focus in this article is on two different modes of ‘giving a voice to the voiceless’ in Southern African new democracies, namely South African community radio and its support apparatus, Democracy Radio, and the Namibian People’s Parliament. South African community radio operates within a sphere of its own, it is supposed to be closely linked to the grassroots, while the Namibian contact programmes fall under the auspices of the Namibian Broadcasting Company. There are differences in administrative form, but both models have come up against very similar problems in the design of the content. It is easy to talk about community and grassroots orientation, but to implement such policies is difficult, especially when the basic task is to promote democracy and citizenship.","PeriodicalId":191414,"journal":{"name":"The International Communication Gazette","volume":"11 6","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"113968608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"American Cultural Primacy in a New Media Order","authors":"J. Chalaby","doi":"10.1177/1748048506060114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1748048506060114","url":null,"abstract":"The paradigmatic shift from cultural imperialism to globalization in international communication has transformed the research agenda of the discipline. While new issues have come to the fore, others, such as the American pre-eminence in the world media market, tend to be ignored. This article revisits the old question of American dominance from the perspective of the new paradigm and suggests replacing the concept of cultural imperialism with that of cultural primacy. This shift allows us to analyse a salient fact of contemporary international communication without taking on board the assumptions and ideological biases of the cultural imperialism thesis. The article contrasts the limited reach of European media players with the global scope of US conglomerates and shows the extent of American dominance of the European audiovisual market. It argues that US-based media groups are set to become yet more prominent in the era of multichannel television because they have successfully adopted localization of content as an international strategy. The article concludes that to preserve consumer choice and programming diversity, European public broadcasters should forsake their nation-centric perspective, adapt their organizational structures to the international nature of the multichannel universe, and renew their combined efforts to launch thematic channels in genres in which they could make a significant contribution.","PeriodicalId":191414,"journal":{"name":"The International Communication Gazette","volume":"95 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133723671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"New Forms of Intercultural Communication in a Globalized World","authors":"Claudio Baraldi","doi":"10.1177/1748048506060115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1748048506060115","url":null,"abstract":"Communication is the basic concept in explaining globalization. Globalization can be observed as the worldwide expansion of a functionally differentiated European society through intercultural communication. In this society, since the 17th century, intercultural communication has assumed the form of a modernist ethnocentrism based on values such as knowledge, pluralism and individualism. During the 20th century, historical changes created the necessity for new forms of intercultural communication. In the last decade of that century, a transcultural form of communication based on dialogue was proposed as a basis for cross-cultural adaptation, a creation of multicultural identities and a construction of a hybrid multicultural society. However, this transcultural form creates paradoxes and difficulties in intercultural communication, mixing the preservation of cultural difference with the search for synthesis. Consequently, a new form of intercultural dialogue, dealing with incommensurable differences and managing conflicts, is needed to create coordination among different cultural perspectives.","PeriodicalId":191414,"journal":{"name":"The International Communication Gazette","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127169709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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