Neurology. Clinical practice最新文献

{"title":"Grounded in Evidence.","authors":"Lyell K Jones","doi":"10.1212/CPJ.0000000000200470","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1212/CPJ.0000000000200470","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19136,"journal":{"name":"Neurology. Clinical practice","volume":"15 3","pages":"e200470"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11962046/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143780654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Implementation of 2HELPS2B Seizure Risk Score: A Cost-Effective Approach to Seizure Detection in the Intensive Care Units.","authors":"Fazila Aseem, Emily Fink, Chuning Liu, John Whalen, Jessica Werdel, Parin Nanavati, Fei Zou, Angela Wabulya, Casey Olm-Shipman, Suzette Maria LaRoche, Clio Rubinos","doi":"10.1212/CPJ.0000000000200464","DOIUrl":"10.1212/CPJ.0000000000200464","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong>Continuous EEG (cEEG) has become a standard for monitoring critically ill patients, but it is resource-intensive with limited availability. The 2HELP2B seizure risk score can help stratify seizure risk and aid in clinical decision making to optimize duration of monitoring. This study aimed to incorporate the 2HELPS2B score to inform cEEG duration and provide cost-effective care without compromising seizure detection.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a quality improvement study that targeted clinical workflow and seizure risk stratification in the intensive care units of a tertiary academic hospital. The study included adult patients who underwent cEEG between June 2020 and December 2022 (n = 552), after excluding patients undergoing cEEG for management of status epilepticus, spell characterization, intracranial pressure monitoring, and post-cardiac arrest (n = 129). We performed a retrospective chart review to establish baseline cEEG volume, seizure incidence, and monitoring duration. We then introduced the 2HELPS2B risk score through multidisciplinary education and used published recommendations to suggest optimal cEEG duration. After the intervention, we analyzed the impact of integrating the 2HELPS2B score on cEEG duration and seizure detection rates.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 552 patients, most were low risk (n = 311, 56.3%), followed by moderate risk (n = 189, 34.2%) and high risk (n = 52, 9.4%). Before the intervention, cEEG duration was similar for all risk groups. After implementation of the 2HELPSB score, there was a significant reduction in cEEG duration for low-risk and moderate-risk patients (low 36.3 vs 23.8 hours; <i>p</i> < 0.0001, moderate 36.5 vs 29.3 hours; <i>p</i> = 0.01) and no significant change for the high-risk group (41.3 vs 40.4 hours; <i>p</i> = 0.92). Seizure detection was low except for the high-risk group (1.3% vs 7.9% vs 39.1%). Reduction in cEEG duration after implementation of the 2HELPS2B score did not lead to a significant change in seizure detection (0.6% vs 9% vs 37.9%).</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Most critically ill patients had low or moderate seizure risk and, accordingly, a low incidence of seizures detected during cEEG. Implementing the 2HELPS2B seizure risk score allowed customization of cEEG duration for individual patients, applying the practice of precision medicine. This approach successfully improved cEEG utilization without compromising seizure detection. In conclusion, implementing seizure risk stratification can provide cost-effective monitoring and improve cEEG access.</p>","PeriodicalId":19136,"journal":{"name":"Neurology. Clinical practice","volume":"15 3","pages":"e200464"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11962049/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143780657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevention of Cerebrovascular Emergencies in Spaceflight: A Review and a Proposal for Enhanced Medical Screening Guidelines.","authors":"Mark J Rosenberg, Brian F Saway, William J Tarver, James H Pavela, Jacob Hall, Sami Al Kasab, Guilherme Porto, Donna R Roberts","doi":"10.1212/CPJ.0000000000200445","DOIUrl":"10.1212/CPJ.0000000000200445","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>A growing number of opportunities for paying customers to travel to space are becoming available. Preflight medical screening of these potential private astronauts will likely be performed by local physicians, with referral to specialists in aerospace medicine as required for more in-depth evaluation before flight qualification. Neurologic concerns contribute a portion of the potential medical risks for these private astronauts, especially with the participation of more diversified crews than traditional governmental astronauts. The objective of this article was to review the current knowledge base concerning cerebrovascular adaptation to spaceflight to inform risk factor assessment for flight-associated cerebrovascular emergencies by the neurologic community when performing initial medical screening of potential private astronauts.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>A review of published human spaceflight studies and medical guidelines regarding cerebrovascular risks for spaceflight was conducted. Most of the available literature describes cohorts of a small number of astronauts undergoing spaceflight missions of various flight profiles. While there are gaps in the literature, cerebrovascular adaptation to spaceflight occurs, which may alter the medical risk profile in susceptible individuals. The occurrence of an inflight cerebrovascular emergency could have devastating consequences; therefore, additional screening tests may be required, based on risk level and mission profile, in assessing the more diverse commercial spaceflight population expected over the next decade.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>With increasing interest in commercial space tourism among diverse participant populations, the stroke risk in microgravity/reduced gravity environments is unknown. Furthermore, stresses of rocket ascent/descent, abnormal fluid dynamics in microgravity, altered atmospheric conditions, and other unknown occupational hazards add additional complexity. Because inflight emergency management protocols have yet to be developed, the most effective tool to ensure spaceflight participant safety is comprehensive preflight preventative screenings. Determining neurologic risk factors is critical for developing evidence-based guidelines for preventative measures and treatment protocols in the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":19136,"journal":{"name":"Neurology. Clinical practice","volume":"15 3","pages":"e200445"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11966524/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143780660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Suicidal Ideation and Sleep Disturbances Among People With Huntington Disease: Evidence From the HDBOI Study.","authors":"Idaira Rodríguez Santana, Samuel A Frank, Tiago A Mestre, Astri Arnesen, Jamie L Hamilton, Hayley Hubberstey, Michaela Winkelmann, Elena Hernandez-Jimenez, Jeff Frimpter, Ricardo Dolmetsch, Talaha M Ali","doi":"10.1212/CPJ.0000000000200461","DOIUrl":"10.1212/CPJ.0000000000200461","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong>Suicidal ideation and sleep disturbances are more common among people with Huntington disease (PwHD) than otherwise healthy peers; however, the scope and magnitude of these challenges are not well understood. This study evaluated suicidal thoughts and sleep disturbances among PwHD in Europe and the United States using data from the Huntington's Disease Burden of Illness (HDBOI) study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The HDBOI study is a cross-sectional burden-of-illness study of PwHD in France, Germany, Italy, Spain, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Eligible participants were adults (18 years and older) with motor manifest Huntington disease (HD) ≥ 12 months before study recruitment. PwHD were categorized as having early-stage (ES), mid-stage (MS), or advanced-stage (AS) HD as reported by the treating physician. Data were collected by the physician, and a voluntary questionnaire was completed by the PwHD or a caregiver. All findings were analyzed descriptively. Differences were assessed using analysis of variance or χ² tests.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 2,094 PwHD were included; 1,602 (77%) were from Europe and 492 (23%) were from the United States, with 846 (40%) with ES, 701 (33%) with MS, and 547 (26%) with AS HD. PwHD reported current (13%, n = 272) or previous (28%, n = 575) suicidal ideation, which was more common with advanced HD (ES, 11%; MS, 14%; AS, 15%; <i>p</i> < 0.05). Of 482 questionnaire respondents, 91% (n = 437) reported difficulty sleeping, which was more common with AS HD (<i>p</i> < 0.05; [<i>p</i> = 0.000]).</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The HDBOI study showed a substantial burden of suicidal ideation and sleep disturbances among PwHD, which tended to worsen with disease severity.</p>","PeriodicalId":19136,"journal":{"name":"Neurology. Clinical practice","volume":"15 3","pages":"e200461"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11962051/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143772928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quality Improvement Initiative to Implement Anxiety Screening for Children and Teens With Headache and Epilepsy.","authors":"Christina Murphy, Sara E Molisani, Amanda C Riisen, Carinna M Scotti-Degnan, Dina Karvounides, Stephanie Witzman, Michael C Kaufman, Alexander K Gonzalez, Mark Ramos, Christina L Szperka, Nicholas S Abend","doi":"10.1212/CPJ.0000000000200458","DOIUrl":"10.1212/CPJ.0000000000200458","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong>We conducted a quality improvement initiative to implement standardized screening for anxiety among adolescents with headache and/or epilepsy receiving outpatient neurology care at a quaternary health care system, consistent with recommendations from the American Academy of Neurology. Our SMART (Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, and Time-Based) aim was to screen ≥90% of established patients aged 12 years or older seen by a participating health care professional using a standardized anxiety screener by February 2024.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This initiative was conducted in patients seen for follow-up by 17 participating neurology health care professionals. Health care professional opinions were assessed before and after implementation of the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), administered as a previsit questionnaire distributed using the electronic health record. The integrated workflow included a best practice advisory (BPA) alert that permitted easy access to interventions and automatic population of education materials into the after-visit summary. After 12 months of use (March 2023 to February 2024), we assessed demographic and diagnostic information, GAD-7 completion rates, anxiety symptom severity, BPA utilization, and health care professional acceptance of the intervention.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The GAD-7 was completed for 64% of 3,671 encounters and by 71% of 2031 unique patients. The GAD-7 was more often completed for encounters if the patient was female, younger, or White or had a headache diagnosis. Among unique patients, anxiety symptoms were minimal in 50%, mild in 24%, moderate in 17%, and severe in 10%. Severe anxiety symptoms were more often present in female patients or those with a headache diagnosis. Among patients with severe anxiety symptoms, 66% had established behavioral health care plans and, for remaining patients, referrals were made to community behavioral health care professionals (11%), or pediatric psychologists (4%) or social workers (3%) within neurology. Clinicians indicated that the approach was easy to use and improved the quality of patient care.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>We implemented standardized EHR-based screening for anxiety symptoms for pediatric neurology patients, most of whom had headache or epilepsy. Screening was feasible, and approximately one-quarter of patients had moderate or severe anxiety symptoms. Future work will focus on improving completion rates of previsit questionnaires including the GAD-7 and optimizing clinician actions based on the screening data.</p>","PeriodicalId":19136,"journal":{"name":"Neurology. Clinical practice","volume":"15 3","pages":"e200458"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11962050/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143780716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Benzodiazepine Initiation and the Risk of Falls or Fall-Related Injuries in Older Adults Following Acute Ischemic Stroke.","authors":"Shuo Sun, Victor Lomachinsky, Louisa H Smith, Joseph P Newhouse, M Brandon Westover, Deborah Lynne Blacker, Lee H Schwamm, Sebastien Haneuse, Lidia M V R Moura","doi":"10.1212/CPJ.0000000000200452","DOIUrl":"10.1212/CPJ.0000000000200452","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong>Benzodiazepine (BZD) use in older adults after acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is common. We aimed to assess the risk of falls or fall-related injuries (FRIs) in older adults after the use of BZDs during the acute poststroke recovery period.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We emulated a hypothetical randomized trial of BZD use during the acute poststroke recovery period using linked data from the Get With the Guidelines Stroke Registry and Mass General Brigham's electronic health records. Our cohort included patients aged 65 years and older with an AIS admission between 2014 and 2021, no documented previous stroke, and no BZD prescriptions in the 3 months before admission. The potential for immortal time and confounding bias was addressed separately using inverse probability weighting.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We analyzed data from 495 patients who initiated inpatient BZDs within 3 days of admission and 2,564 who did not. After standardization, the estimate was 694 events per 1,000 (95% CI 676-709) for the BZD initiation strategy and 584 events per 1,000 (95% CI 575-595) for the noninitiation strategy. Subgroup analyses showed risk differences of 142 events per 1,000 (95% CI 111-165) and 85 events per 1,000 (95% CI 64-107) for patients aged 65-74 years and 75 years and older, respectively. Risk differences were 187 events per 1,000 (95% CI 159-206) for patients with minor (NIH Stroke Severity Scale score <math><mrow><mo>≤</mo></mrow> </math> 4) AIS and 32 events per 1,000 (95% CI 10-58) for those with moderate-to-severe AIS.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Initiating BZDs within 3 days of an AIS is associated with an elevated ten-day risk of falls or FRIs, particularly for patients aged 65-74 years and for those with mild stroke. This underscores the need for caution when initiating BZDs, especially among individuals likely to be ambulatory during the acute and subacute poststroke period.</p>","PeriodicalId":19136,"journal":{"name":"Neurology. Clinical practice","volume":"15 3","pages":"e200452"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11936338/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143720854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seizures in Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Brin E Freund, Md Manjurul Islam Shourav, Anteneh M Feyissa, James F Meschia, Amen Yonas, Kevin M Barrett, William O Tatum, Michelle P Lin","doi":"10.1212/CPJ.0000000000200454","DOIUrl":"10.1212/CPJ.0000000000200454","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) is a disease of the cerebral vasculature that can result in microhemorrhages, as well as intraparenchymal and subarachnoid hemorrhage, superficial siderosis (SS), and/or secondary infarct/inflammation. CAA may be encountered as an isolated pathology or with Alzheimer disease and has been demonstrated to be associated with an increased risk of seizures. However, the overall rates of seizures and specific pathologies related to CAA and their subsequent risk of seizures have not been elucidated.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Prior studies of CAA and seizures are predominantly case reports or small case series, and larger studies have focused primarily on smaller subgroups of patients with CAA. Only 2 prior studies assessed larger heterogeneous populations of patients with CAA. One study focused on long-term outcomes and evaluated the impact of seizures on cognitive and survival outcomes retrospectively, although it did not delineate the effects of acute and chronic seizure disorders (epilepsy) and did not find an association. Long-term prospective or retrospective studies on outcomes regarding seizures/epilepsy and CAA are therefore lacking.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>A total of 1,376 articles were identified, with 48 (34 case reports/series and 14 cohort studies) included in this review. Acute symptomatic seizures (ASyS) and epilepsy were poorly defined, and the overall prevalence of seizures in cohort studies was 22.8%, with significant heterogeneity (<i>I</i> ² = 77%; <i>p</i> < 0.01). Epilepsy was diagnosed in 34.4% and ASyS in 10.6% of patients in heterogeneous cohorts. Most of the studies assessed seizures in specific subgroups of CAA with variable prevalence, including CAA with related inflammation (CAA-ri): 56.9%; lobar intracranial hemorrhage (ICH): 17.1%; and cortical SAH (cSAH) or SS: 8.7%. In heterogeneous cohorts, SS (<i>p</i> < 0.001 and <i>p</i> = 0.03, respectively) and CAA-ri (<i>p</i> = 0.005 and <i>p</i> = 0.04, respectively) were significantly associated with epilepsy/seizures. In 1 study, cSAH (<i>p</i> = 0.03) and acute lobar ICH (<i>p</i> = 0.002) were associated with seizures, likely related to inclusion of ASyS. Status epilepticus (14/125) and drug resistance (6/89) were infrequent. Clinical pathologic entities associated with a risk of seizures include cSAH, CAA-ri, SS, and acute ICH.</p>","PeriodicalId":19136,"journal":{"name":"Neurology. Clinical practice","volume":"15 3","pages":"e200454"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11952699/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143753700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cerebrovascular Health Among Sex- and Gender-Diverse People: A Narrative Review.","authors":"Z Paige L'Erario, Alice Catalano, Fawaz Al-Mufti, Scout Silverstein, Salvatore Giovanni Volpe, Marissa Adams, Jaclyn M Martindale, Darnell K Adrian Williams, Asa E Radix, Mill Etienne, Nicole Rosendale","doi":"10.1212/CPJ.0000000000200450","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1212/CPJ.0000000000200450","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>Sex and gender diversity includes people who are intersex, transgender, and nonbinary. Americans are identifying as sex and gender diverse (SGD) in increasing numbers. Although data are limited on the diagnosis and management of stroke in SGD communities, the current literature suggests that there may be unique health needs among these marginalized populations.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Health disparities and community-specific stressors may influence the frequency of stroke and traditional cerebrovascular disease risk factors among SGD people. In addition, transgender and gender-diverse people have higher rates of atypical stroke risk factors, such as sexually transmitted infections and an increased mental health burden. The adverse effects of some gender-affirming therapies can increase the rates of stroke, particularly in transfeminine people who use long-term estrogen as part of their medical gender transition. Decisions to discontinue hormonal therapy after stroke should be weighed against the psychological risks of doing so. In addition, some commonly prescribed medications for stroke prevention could interact with gender-affirming hormone therapies. Neurologists should collaborate with primary care providers and endocrinologists to screen for and manage cerebrovascular disease risk factors for the primary and secondary prevention of stroke. Limited evidence suggests intersex people may be at higher risk of cerebrovascular disease, particularly those with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH). People diagnosed with CAH have unique risk factors of stroke including treatment with stress-dose corticosteroids or polycythemia due to hyperandrogenism.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>Creating affirming environments and increasing knowledge of health care for SGD communities may lead to improved equitable treatment of SGD patients with stroke by increasing community trust in health providers and incorporating use of best practices in clinical care and research settings. Limited data exist on stroke clinical presentations and how stroke is experienced and treated among SGD people, particularly among those with multiple marginalized identities, those presenting with acute stroke, and those requiring secondary stroke prevention.</p>","PeriodicalId":19136,"journal":{"name":"Neurology. Clinical practice","volume":"15 2","pages":"e200450"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11908692/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143648190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Herpes Zoster Infections With Multiple Sclerosis Disease-Modifying Therapies: A Real-World Pharmacovigilance Study.","authors":"Alexandra Balshi, Grace Leuenberger, John Dempsey, Nova Manning, Ursela Baber, Jacob A Sloane","doi":"10.1212/CPJ.0000000000200462","DOIUrl":"10.1212/CPJ.0000000000200462","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong>Immunosuppressive multiple sclerosis (MS) disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) may increase the risk of opportunistic infections such as herpes zoster (HZ). We sought to evaluate the risk of HZ across various MS DMTs using publicly available pharmacovigilance reporting data.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We queried the Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) and OpenVigil 2.1 for reports of HZ involving immunosuppressive MS DMTs (ocrelizumab [OCR], ofatumumab [OFT], rituximab [RTX], natalizumab [NTZ], alemtuzumab, dimethyl fumarate and diroximel fumarate [DRF], fingolimod [FING], siponimod [SIP], ozanimod [OZ], mitoxantrone [MITO], cladribine [CLAD], and teriflunomide [TERF]) and calculated reporting odds ratios and their 95% CIs.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We identified 4,210 total reports of HZ across these MS DMTs. All had disproportionally higher RORs compared with all other FAERS medications. Alemtuzumab had the greatest reporting risk (ROR; 95% CI) (11.1; 9.7-12.6), followed by OCR (9.3; 8.6-10.0), FING (5.6; 5.2-6.0), CLAD (5.3; 3.7-4.2), NTZ (4.0; 3.7-4.2), RTX (3.8; 3.5-4.1), SIP (3.2; 2.4-4.2), DRF (3.1; 2.4-4.1), OFT (3.0; 2.6-3.6), dimethyl fumarate (2.5; 2.3-2.8), OZ (2.5; 1.8-3.6), MITO (2.4; 1.6-3.6), and TERF (1.6; 1.3-1.9).</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Immunosuppressive MS DMTs are associated with greater HZ reporting in the FAERS. These findings emphasize the importance of pre-DMT HZ vaccination because of avoidable HZ infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":19136,"journal":{"name":"Neurology. Clinical practice","volume":"15 2","pages":"e200462"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11902899/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143625472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Disproportionately Enlarged Subarachnoid-Space Hydrocephalus on MRI in Pathologically Confirmed Progressive Supranuclear Palsy.","authors":"Miki Kawazoe, Shunsuke Koga, Hiroaki Sekiya, Keith Anthony Josephs, Neill R Graff-Radford, Dennis W Dickson","doi":"10.1212/CPJ.0000000000200431","DOIUrl":"10.1212/CPJ.0000000000200431","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objective: </strong>Several studies have shown that idiopathic normal-pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) can mimic other neurodegenerative disorders, particularly progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP). In this study, we investigated iNPH clinical and neuroimaging features in patients with autopsy-confirmed PSP or Lewy body disease (LBD) by assessing the normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) triad of symptoms and imaging features of disproportionately enlarged subarachnoid-space hydrocephalus (DESH) and Evans index (EI) on antemortem MRI scans.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Among our study participants (N = 190), the mean (SD) age was 76.8 (9.2) years and 134 (70.5%) were male. The patients had been followed at Mayo Clinic and had autopsy diagnosis of either PSP or LBD. Patients were excluded if they had Alzheimer disease or a history of a disorder that could cause hydrocephalus, such as chronic meningitis or neoplasia. The study included 101 patients with PSP and 89 with LBD. The frequency of DESH and a high EI on brain MRI were analyzed in PSP and LBD with logistic regression analyses, adjusting for age, sex, and brain weight. The NPH triad of symptoms was assessed relative to imaging findings.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We found that DESH and high EI were similar between PSP and LBD. The mean age at death (PSP: 74.0 [8.2]; LBD: 80.0 [9.2]) and brain weight (PSP: 1,190 [123]; LBD: 1,300 [150]) were greater in LBD compared with PSP (<i>p</i> < 0.001 for each). The frequency of DESH was greater in LBD than PSP (13% vs 3%, <i>p</i> = 0.004), while a high EI was similar in PSP and LBD (36% vs 32%, <i>p</i> = 0.500). The adjusted odds ratios for DESH and high EI were similar between the 2 groups (DESH: adjusted ORs 0.3, 95% CI 0.06-1.25, <i>p</i> = 0.119; high EI: adjusted ORs 1.8, 95% CI 0.86-4.06, <i>p</i> = 0.120).</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>These findings suggest that DESH and high EI, often considered biomarkers for iNPH, may lack specificity and may be found in a subset of patients with PSP or LBD leading to unnecessary neurosurgery for iNPH.</p>","PeriodicalId":19136,"journal":{"name":"Neurology. Clinical practice","volume":"15 2","pages":"e200431"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11850053/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143502871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}