Neuroimmunomodulation最新文献

{"title":"Sympathetic-Immune Interactions during Different Types of Immune Challenge.","authors":"Adriana Del Rey, Hugo Besedovsky","doi":"10.1159/000535467","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000535467","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The neuro-endocrine regulation of immune functions is based on a complex network of interactions. As part of this series of articles, we refer here to immune-sympathetic interactions that are triggered by different types of immune challenge.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>We mention the initial hypothesis that led to the proposal that the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) is involved in immunoregulation. We next refer mainly to our initial work performed at a time when most immunologists were concentrated in clarifying aspects of the immune system that are essential for its regulation from within. The first approach was to explore whether immune responses to innocuous antigens and superantigens can elicit changes in the activity of the SNS, and their potential relevance for the regulation of the activity of the immune system. The following step was to explore whether comparable immune-SNS interactions are detected in different models of diseases with immune components, such as parasitic and viral infections and autoimmune pathologies.</p><p><strong>Key messages: </strong>We pose some general considerations that may at least partially explain seemly discrepant findings, and remark the importance of interpreting immunoregulatory effects of the SNS together with other neuro-endocrine inputs that simultaneously occur when the activity of the immune system changes. Finally, we provide some arguments to re-consider the use of the expression \"reflex\" in immunology.</p>","PeriodicalId":19133,"journal":{"name":"Neuroimmunomodulation","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138441022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Brain-Thymus Connections in Chagas Disease.","authors":"Florencia Belén González, Wilson Savino, Ana Rosa Pérez","doi":"10.1159/000538220","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000538220","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The brain and the immune systems represent the two primary adaptive systems within the body. Both are involved in a dynamic process of communication, vital for the preservation of mammalian homeostasis. This interplay involves two major pathways: the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and the sympathetic nervous system.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>The establishment of infection can affect immunoneuroendocrine interactions, with functional consequences for immune organs, particularly the thymus. Interestingly, the physiology of this primary organ is not only under the control of the central nervous system (CNS) but also exhibits autocrine/paracrine regulatory circuitries mediated by hormones and neuropeptides that can be altered in situations of infectious stress or chronic inflammation. In particular, Chagas disease, caused by the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi (T. cruzi), impacts upon immunoneuroendocrine circuits disrupting thymus physiology. Here, we discuss the most relevant findings reported in relation to brain-thymic connections during T. cruzi infection, as well as their possible implications for the immunopathology of human Chagas disease.</p><p><strong>Key messages: </strong>During T. cruzi infection, the CNS influences thymus physiology through an intricate network involving hormones, neuropeptides, and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Despite some uncertainties in the mechanisms and the fact that the link between these abnormalities and chronic Chagasic cardiomyopathy is still unknown, it is evident that the precise control exerted by the brain over the thymus is markedly disrupted throughout the course of T. cruzi infection.</p>","PeriodicalId":19133,"journal":{"name":"Neuroimmunomodulation","volume":" ","pages":"78-88"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140288636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dimethyl Fumarate Modulates the Immune Environment and Improves Prognosis in the Acute Phase after Ischemic Stroke.","authors":"Chunrui Bo, Jingkai Li, Junjie Wang, Yaxin Zhang, Tao Wu, Mingyang Wang, Shiyue Hou, Yan Liang, Xiyue Zhang, Shufang Zhao, Huixue Zhang, Jianjian Wang, Lihua Wang, Lianmei Zhong","doi":"10.1159/000539589","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000539589","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Dimethyl fumarate (DMF) has shown potential for protection in various animal models of neurological diseases. However, the impact of DMF on changes in peripheral immune organs and the central nervous system (CNS) immune cell composition after ischemic stroke remains unclear.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Eight-week-old C57BL/6J mice with photothrombosis ischemia and patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) were treated with DMF. TTC staining, flow cytometry, and immunofluorescence staining were used to evaluate the infarct volume and changes in immune cells in the periphery and the CNS.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>DMF reduced the infarct volume on day 1 after PT. DMF reduced the percentages of peripheral immune cells, such as neutrophils, dendritic cells, macrophages, and monocytes, on day 1, followed by NK cells on day 3 and B cells on day 7 after PT. In the CNS, DMF significantly reduced the percentage of monocytes in the brain on day 3 after PT. In addition, DMF increased the number of microglia in the peri-infarct area and reduced the number of neurons in the peri-infarct area in the acute and subacute phases after PT. In AIS patients, B cells decreased in patients receiving alteplase in combination with DMF.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>DMF can change the immune environment of the periphery and the CNS, reduce infarct volume in the acute phase, promote the recruitment of microglia and preserve neurons in the peri-infarct area after ischemic stroke.</p>","PeriodicalId":19133,"journal":{"name":"Neuroimmunomodulation","volume":" ","pages":"126-141"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141284326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cytokines in Cerebrospinal Fluid and Chronic Pain in Humans: Past, Present, and Future.","authors":"Alexander H C Rosenström, Jan-Pieter Konsman, Eva Kosek","doi":"10.1159/000540324","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000540324","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>That neuroimmune interaction occurs in chronic pain conditions has been established for over a century, since the discovery of neurogenic inflammation in the periphery. However, the central aspects of neuroimmune interactions have not been fully appreciated until the late 1900s, when a growing interest in how cytokines in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) might be relevant in chronic pain conditions emerged. Since then, the field has evolved, and nowadays neuroinflammation is considered to be involved in the pathophysiology of chronic pain. Whether or not pain conditions can be called \"neuroinflammatory\" is a matter of debate. This review summarizes the results from studies investigating cytokines in the CSF in various pain conditions, and critically discusses neuroimmune aspects of pain conditions using previously proposed hallmarks of neuroinflammation as a framework.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>Fifty-two papers were summarized and their results evaluated according to (a) the level of the measured cytokines in patients compared to controls, and (b) the correlation between cytokine level and pain intensity. A subdivision based on pain type was also conducted for each of the 52 studies. A total of 49 proteins have been studied in at least 5 studies, 21 of which were upregulated in a majority of studies. IL-8 was specifically upregulated in a majority of studies of nociceptive pain conditions. Regarding correlation to pain intensity, there is a scarcity of data but 31 proteins were upregulated and correlated with pain in at least one study. Of these, 24 proteins were negatively correlated with pain, and 7 were positively correlated. None of the most studied cytokines, such as TNF, IL-1b, IL-6, IL-8, CCL2/MCP1, BDNF, or bNGF, were consistently correlated to pain.</p><p><strong>Key messages: </strong>There is sufficient evidence to say that chronic pain conditions come with an upregulation of several cytokines. However, the majority of correlations to symptomatology seem to be negative, indicating that the cytokines might play a protective role that has not been broadly considered. Calling chronic pain conditions neuroinflammatory seems wrong; instead, a more suitable term for depicting the findings would, perhaps, be to talk about neuroimmune activation.</p>","PeriodicalId":19133,"journal":{"name":"Neuroimmunomodulation","volume":" ","pages":"157-172"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141620427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"2nd European Psychoneuroimmunology Network (EPN) Autumn School: The skin-brain axis and the breaking of barriers","authors":"","doi":"10.1159/000533642","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000533642","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19133,"journal":{"name":"Neuroimmunomodulation","volume":"30 1","pages":"1 - 2"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46142806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"2nd European Psychoneuroimmunology Network Autumn School: The Skin-Brain Axis and the Breaking of Barriers.","authors":"Eva Peters,&nbsp;Adriana Del Rey,&nbsp;Karsten Krüger,&nbsp;Christoph Rummel","doi":"10.1159/000533611","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000533611","url":null,"abstract":"aDepartment of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Psychoneuroimmunology Laboratory, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, And Universitätsmedizin-Charité, Berlin, Germany; bCenter for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), University of Marburg and Justus Liebig University Giessen, Marburg, Germany; cInstitute for Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany; dDepartment of Exercise Physiology and Sports Therapy, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany; eInstitute of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany","PeriodicalId":19133,"journal":{"name":"Neuroimmunomodulation","volume":"30 Suppl 1 ","pages":"3-7"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10627488/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10109350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Erratum.","authors":"","doi":"10.1159/000531806","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000531806","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19133,"journal":{"name":"Neuroimmunomodulation","volume":"30 1","pages":"213-214"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10308955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"15th Conference of the German Endocrine-Brain- Immune-Network (GEBIN) Ulm, Germany, September 28 - September 30, 2023.","authors":"","doi":"10.1159/000533771","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000533771","url":null,"abstract":"The abstracts included in this supplement were reviewed and selected by the Scientific Programme Committee. The committee has no conflicts of interest in connection with the congress and the selection of abstracts. Neuroimmunomodulation 2023;30(suppl 2):1–60 DOI: 10.1159/000533771 Published online: September 19, 2023 This article is licensed under the Creative Commons AttributionNonCommercial 4.0 International License (CCBY-NC) (http://www. karger.com/Services/OpenAccessLicense).Usage anddistribution for commercial purposes requires written permission.","PeriodicalId":19133,"journal":{"name":"Neuroimmunomodulation","volume":"30 Suppl 2 ","pages":"1-60"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41109584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding the Immune-Endocrine Effects of Vitamin D in SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Role in Protecting against Neurodamage.","authors":"Emanuele Gotelli, Stefano Soldano, Elvis Hysa, Andrea Casabella, Andrea Cere, Carmen Pizzorni, Sabrina Paolino, Alberto Sulli, Vanessa Smith, Maurizio Cutolo","doi":"10.1159/000533286","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000533286","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Calcitriol and hydroxyderivatives of lumisterol and tachisterol are secosteroid hormones with immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory properties. Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, several studies have correlated deficient serum concentrations of vitamin D3 (calcifediol) with increased severity of the course of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Among systemic complications, subjective (anosmia, ageusia, depression, dizziness) and objective (ischemic stroke, meningoencephalitis, myelitis, seizures, Guillain-Barré syndrome) neurological symptoms have been reported in up to 80% of severe COVID-19 patients. In this narrative review, we will resume the pathophysiology of SARS-CoV-2 infection and the mechanisms of acute and chronic neurological damage. SARS-CoV-2 can disrupt the integrity of the endothelial cells of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) to enter the nervous central system. Invasion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and polarization of astrocytes and microglia cells always in a pro-inflammatory sense together with the pro-coagulative phenotype of cerebral endothelial cells in response to both SARS-CoV-2 and immune cells invasion (immunothrombosis) are the major drivers of neurodamage. Calcitriol and hydroxyderivatives of lumisterol and tachisterol could play an adjuvant role in neuroprotection through mitigation of neuroinflammation and protection of endothelial integrity of the BBB. Dedicated studies on this topic are currently lacking and are desirable to confirm the link between vitamin D3 and neuroprotection in COVID-19 patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":19133,"journal":{"name":"Neuroimmunomodulation","volume":" ","pages":"185-195"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10614436/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10319984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neuropsychiatric Outcomes and Sleep Dysfunction in COVID-19 Patients: Risk Factors and Mechanisms.","authors":"Aliki Karkala, Asterios Tzinas, Seraphim Kotoulas, Athanasios Zacharias, Evdokia Sourla, Athanasia Pataka","doi":"10.1159/000533722","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000533722","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The ongoing global health crisis due to the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has significantly impacted all aspects of life. While the majority of early research following the coronavirus disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) has focused on the physiological effects of the virus, a substantial body of subsequent studies has shown that the psychological burden of the infection is also considerable. Patients, even without mental illness history, were at increased susceptibility to developing mental health and sleep disturbances during or after the COVID-19 infection. Viral neurotropism and inflammatory storm damaging the blood-brain barrier have been proposed as possible mechanisms for mental health manifestations, along with stressful psychological factors and indirect consequences such as thrombosis and hypoxia. The virus has been found to infect peripheral olfactory neurons and exploit axonal migration pathways, exhibiting metabolic changes in astrocytes that are detrimental to fueling neurons and building neurotransmitters. Patients with COVID-19 present dysregulated and overactive immune responses, resulting in impaired neuronal function and viability, adversely affecting sleep and emotion regulation. Additionally, several risk factors have been associated with the neuropsychiatric sequelae of the infection, such as female sex, age, preexisting neuropathologies, severity of initial disease and sociological status. This review aimed to provide an overview of mental health symptoms and sleep disturbances developed during COVID-19 and to analyze the underlying mechanisms and risk factors of psychological distress and sleep dysfunction.</p>","PeriodicalId":19133,"journal":{"name":"Neuroimmunomodulation","volume":" ","pages":"237-249"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41105282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}