{"title":"The JOBS Act and Information Uncertainty in IPO Firms","authors":"Mary E. Barth, W. Landsman, Daniel J. Taylor","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2465927","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2465927","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines whether the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act (JOBS Act) increases information uncertainty in IPO firms. The JOBS Act creates a new category of issuer, the Emerging Growth Company (EGC), and eases disclosure requirements for IPO firms with EGC status. Measuring information uncertainty using IPO underpricing and post-IPO return volatility, we find that both underpricing and volatility are significantly greater for IPO firms with EGC status than comparable firms without EGC status. Additional findings indicate that variation in the application of specific provisions of the JOBS Act explains the differences in underpricing and volatility. Taken together, the findings indicate that the JOBS Act’s eased disclosure requirements increased information uncertainty in IPO firms.","PeriodicalId":191299,"journal":{"name":"LSN: Corporations (Topic)","volume":"207 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124648634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Joint Venture Interests as Securities","authors":"Herrick K. Lidstone","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.2546839","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.2546839","url":null,"abstract":"Colorado federal and state courts have considered whether joint venture interests offered to participants for oil and gas development are securities subject to regulation under federal and state securities laws seven times since 2011. In the most recent State trial court decision on remand from the Colorado Court of Appeals, the joint venture interests were found to be securities, and the defendants were found to be offering and selling the securities. This decision is now consistent with the Tenth Circuit Court of Appeals, and likely spells the end of the oil and gas joint venture programs structured to avoid securities regulation while still cold-calling a large number of prospective investors, providing nominal management rights, and not requiring industry expertise. In Colorado, the Court of Appeals decision firmly established the \"economic realities\" test as the test to determine whether a transaction involved a security, and eliminated the \"strong presumption\" established in Williamson v. Tucker that a general partnership interest was not a security. consistently with the Tenth Circuit, provided a path for those wishing to form or defend joint ventures to follow. While, as noted by the Court of Appeals, “[courts] look at the expectations...at the time the interest is sold”, meaningful post-sale participation can be an indication of what the parties (and especially the investors) expected at the time of sale.","PeriodicalId":191299,"journal":{"name":"LSN: Corporations (Topic)","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130920184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Trust and Certification in Financial Markets: Evidence from Reactions to Earnings News","authors":"Chishen Wei, Lei Zhang","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2469034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2469034","url":null,"abstract":"We test whether trust affects how investors process financial information around earnings announcements. Using survey measures of social trust of local residents in the United States, we find that firms located in low trust regions experience significant under–reaction to earnings news. External certification – either by obtaining credit ratings or employing high quality auditors – helps to mitigate this effect. The passage of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act largely reduces the relation between trust and under-reaction to earnings surprises, highlighting the interconnection between trust, certification, and investor perceptions.","PeriodicalId":191299,"journal":{"name":"LSN: Corporations (Topic)","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123945976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Is the Anti-Corruption Enforcer Itself Corrupt?","authors":"A. Leibold","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.2616520","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.2616520","url":null,"abstract":"Ironically, politicians may be trading favors for campaign contributions with respect to the enforcement of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (“FCPA”), a foreign bribery law. Is there corruption in the enforcement of the U.S. government’s far reaching foreign corruption statute? The evidence suggests there may be. New research shows a spike in campaign donations by companies who are indicted for violations of the FCPA. The FCPA is a U.S. law that prohibits U.S. companies, companies listed on a U.S. stock exchange, and certain other covered entities and persons from bribing foreign government officials in order to solicit or retain business. The FCPA is widely viewed as an aggressive U.S. law which attempts to regulate corruption occurring abroad. Yet, it is possible that the decision as to which companies to prosecute for FCPA violations could itself be subject to political rent seekers.","PeriodicalId":191299,"journal":{"name":"LSN: Corporations (Topic)","volume":"366 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115964737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Публичные и Непубличные Хозяйственные Общества – Смысл Деления и Особенности Регулирования (Public and Non-Public Economic Companies - the Meaning of Division and Distinctive Features of Regulation)","authors":"Andrei Glushetskiy","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.2608487","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.2608487","url":null,"abstract":"Russian Abstract: С целью установить дифференцированные режимы регулирования внутрикорпоративных отношений для обществ, различающихся количеством участников и характером оборота прав участия в них введено деление хозяйственных обществ на публичные и непубличные. В связи с этим развернулась дискуссия о природе критериев публичного общества и порядка их применения. Эта дискуссия имеет огромное практическое значение для судьбы многих акционерных обществ: смогут ли их акционеры воспользоваться возможностями диспозитивного регулирования (свободой внутрикорпоративной самоорганизации) или они будут вовлечены в режим строго императивного регулирования своего поведения.English Abstract: In order to establish differentiated regimes for intra-corporate relations societies differ in the number of participants and the nature of the trafficking of human participation in the division of business entities entered into public and non-public. In this regard, a discussion about the nature of society and the public criteria for their application has emerged. This debate is of great practical importance for the fate of many joint-stock companies: whether their shareholders to take advantage of the disposition of regulation (freedom of intra-self), or they will be involved in the regime of strict mandatory regulation of their behavior.","PeriodicalId":191299,"journal":{"name":"LSN: Corporations (Topic)","volume":"77 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116643312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"How Recent Fiduciary Duty Cases Affect Advice to Directors and Officers of Delaware and Texas Corporations","authors":"B. F. Egan","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2408036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2408036","url":null,"abstract":"This paper summarizes recent case law developments in fiduciary duty law affecting advice given to directors and officers of Delaware and Texas corporations.","PeriodicalId":191299,"journal":{"name":"LSN: Corporations (Topic)","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122256265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Financial Misconduct, Penalties and Corporate Accountability: Case of Fraud under the U.S. Bank Secrecy Act","authors":"M. Ponsford","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.2554182","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.2554182","url":null,"abstract":"This project examines recent and ongoing misconduct in the financial sector and implications for corporate governance and accountability. The misconduct ranges from abusive mortgage trades and misreporting on derivatives losses to manipulation of commodity markets. Major corporations, such as JPMorgan Chase and Morgan Stanley, have paid billions of dollars to regulators in penalties. The research project reviews the events from the perspectives of corporate governance, specifically whether shareholders are penalized for wrongdoing of corporate managers, and how far the regulatory practice of making settlements with the companies promotes accountability and corporate governance. The penalties diminish shareholder wealth and the question is whether shareholders end up as “helpless victims.” The research herein has combined theoretical and empirical methods. The theory part of research includes discussion of various regulatory methods and their efficacy, the justification for the settlements concluded by the corporations with governments, grounds for proposed personal liability against executives, and possible class action lawsuits in the future. The empirical element consists of review of investigative reports, disclosures by the companies, and settlement orders made by regulatory agencies. This helps form an opinion on the culpability of executives and the related issue about whether the costs of misconduct in the form of penalties are passed on to shareholders.","PeriodicalId":191299,"journal":{"name":"LSN: Corporations (Topic)","volume":"76 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132161761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Governance of Banks in an Era of Regulatory Change and Declining Public Confidence","authors":"R. Mccormick, Andrea Minto","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2497321","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2497321","url":null,"abstract":"Corporate governance reforms have become more intrusive for banks than might be thought appropriate for “ordinary corporates”. “Heavier” regulation in this area is justified by the public interest at stake in bank activity and the risk to the public interest if a bank is allowed to fail (and the cost to the public of saving a bank from failure). The public interest (and the interest of all stakeholders) also has implications for the scope of the duty of care of bank directors.Conventional concepts of corporate governance address traditional risk areas in banking activity as well as tensions such as the “agency problem” and the need for oversight by directors of senior management. However, a new set of issues related to public trust has been triggered by the LIBOR scandal and most banks, and many commentators, profess a desire to “restore public trust” and address acknowledged shortcomings in their approach to ethical questions and the soundness of their corporate culture. A related, but different, set of challenges arises as a result.","PeriodicalId":191299,"journal":{"name":"LSN: Corporations (Topic)","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115605046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Influence of Industry Characteristics on Corporate Charters and Bylaws","authors":"R. Kieschnick, R. Moussawi, Joyce C. Wang","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2469422","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2469422","url":null,"abstract":"The corporate charter is a contract between the firm and the state. Prior literature on contracts suggests three primary motives for contracting: risk shifting, incentive alignment, and transaction cost minimization. We argue that the characteristics of the industry within which a firm operates should influence the design of corporate charters/bylaws because firms within an industry face similar risk shifting, incentive alignment, and transaction cost concerns, and so similar internal control and change in control concerns. Using data on a sample of U.S. corporations, we find evidence that: (1) there is substantial variation in governance provisions across industries; (2) the influence of selected industry characteristics differ across provisions; and (3) charter provisions cluster according to the industry characteristics that influence their incidence, which explains correlations between provisions within industries.","PeriodicalId":191299,"journal":{"name":"LSN: Corporations (Topic)","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133395067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Публичные и Непубличные Хозяйственные Общества - Смысл Деления и Особенности Регулирования (The Public and Non-Public Companies - Sense of Division and Feature of Regulation)","authors":"Andrei Glushetskiy","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.2550226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.2550226","url":null,"abstract":"Russian Abstract: в процессе реформирования гражданского законодательства была принята новая классификация юридических лиц и унитарное предприятие. Как часть корпоративными организациями (корпорациями) особое место занимают компаний (акционерных обществ и обществ с ограниченной ответственностью), которые составляют основную часть коммерческих организаций. Новая редакция Гражданского кодекса, в отличие от ранее принятое разделение акционерных обществ на открытие и закрытие вводит новое разделение: на публичные и непубличные компании для дифференциального регулирования их деятельности. В статье исследуется смысл такого разделения хозяйствующих субъектов в государственных и негосударственных, раскрыты особенности регулирования их деятельности, а также анализ других нововведений в регулировании деятельности юридических лиц и особенно корпораций. English Abstract: In the process of reform of the civil legislation adopted a new classification of legal entities and unitary enterprise. As part of corporate entities (corporations) occupy a special place companies (joint stock companies and limited liability companies) account for the bulk of commercial organizations. The new edition of the Civil Code rather than the previously accepted division of joint stock companies at the opening and closing introduces a new division: for public and non-public company for the differential regulation of their activities. The article explores the meaning of such a division of business entities in the public and non-public, disclosed features of the regulation of their activities, as well as analysis of other innovations in the regulation of the activities of legal entities and especially corporations.","PeriodicalId":191299,"journal":{"name":"LSN: Corporations (Topic)","volume":"90 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127047972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}