Halil Onder, Alperen Bahar, Mehmet Eranil, Tuba Kuz Teksut, Selcuk Comoglu
{"title":"Retinal structural alterations in Parkinson's disease: association between temporal optic disc thickening and visual hallucinations.","authors":"Halil Onder, Alperen Bahar, Mehmet Eranil, Tuba Kuz Teksut, Selcuk Comoglu","doi":"10.1080/17582024.2026.2676819","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17582024.2026.2676819","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Visual hallucinations (VH) are clinically significant non-motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease (PD). Optical coherence tomography (OCT) provides objective retinal measurements, yet the relationship between optic disc structure and VH remains unclear. This study examined whether temporal optic disc alterations are associated with VH in PD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this exploratory cross-sectional study, 30 patients with PD underwent OCT imaging and clinical assessment. Retinal measurements included RNFL thickness and temporal optic disc thickness. VH were identified through structured interviews. Group comparisons and ANCOVA adjusting for non-motor symptom severity were performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Patients with VH showed greater right temporal optic disc thickness than those without hallucinations (Cohen's d = 1.04, <i>p</i> = 0.009), and this association remained significant after adjustment for UPDRS-I. No differences in retinal measures were observed between tremor-dominant and akinetic-rigid PD subtypes.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In this preliminary analysis, temporal optic disc thickening showed a nominal association with VH in PD independent of non-motor symptom severity. OCT may provide structural insights into neuropsychiatric heterogeneity in PD. Further studies are needed to clarify the biological basis of this finding and its potential clinical relevance.</p>","PeriodicalId":19114,"journal":{"name":"Neurodegenerative disease management","volume":" ","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147988443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Patrick G Monaghan, Kristin A Johnson, Riley Bove, Brett W Fling, Nora E Fritz
{"title":"Beyond chronological age: biological aging and its relevance for motor and cognitive function in multiple sclerosis.","authors":"Patrick G Monaghan, Kristin A Johnson, Riley Bove, Brett W Fling, Nora E Fritz","doi":"10.1080/17582024.2026.2676826","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17582024.2026.2676826","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aging of the global population has profound implications for multiple sclerosis (MS), a disease increasingly affecting older adults. Motor and cognitive impairments are common in both aging and MS, strongly predicting fall risk, independence, and quality of life. Yet chronological age, the most common clinical proxy, does not capture how disease-specific pathology and biological processes shape these outcomes. This review evaluates biological aging as a framework for understanding how motor and cognitive trajectories in MS diverge from typical aging. Evidence from telomere length, epigenetic clocks, cellular senescence, reproductive aging, and neuroimaging-derived brain age was synthesized. A targeted literature search of PubMed and related databases was conducted to identify relevant studies on biological aging in MS, with emphasis on motor and cognitive outcomes. Outcomes indicate accelerated biological aging in MS, with brain-predicted age showing the strongest functional associations, linking older-appearing brains to slower gait, greater disability, and reduced processing speed. Integrating biological-age frameworks could enable earlier detection of decline, guide targeted interventions, and improve quality of life in older adults with MS.</p>","PeriodicalId":19114,"journal":{"name":"Neurodegenerative disease management","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147974330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Eman H Rashwan, Mohamed Elashal, Shaden A M Khalifa, Aida A Abd El-Wahed, Daijie Wang, Wesam M Hussein, Xiao-Ping Wang, Guiguang Cheng, Yahya Al Naggar, Haiyan Wang, Zhengxuan Wang, Lutfun Nahar, Zhiming Guo, Hesham R El-Seedi
{"title":"Alzheimer's disease and apitherapy: the therapeutic effect of various honeybee products.","authors":"Eman H Rashwan, Mohamed Elashal, Shaden A M Khalifa, Aida A Abd El-Wahed, Daijie Wang, Wesam M Hussein, Xiao-Ping Wang, Guiguang Cheng, Yahya Al Naggar, Haiyan Wang, Zhengxuan Wang, Lutfun Nahar, Zhiming Guo, Hesham R El-Seedi","doi":"10.1080/17582024.2026.2664407","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17582024.2026.2664407","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the devastating diseases that has a high incidence without satisfactory preventive and curative strategies. The multi-targeted interventions become a promising alternative to address their complex pathogenesis. This narrative review searched PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science (January 2010-December 2025) to assess the therapeutic potential of honeybee products for AD management. The use of bee-derived compounds demonstrated neuroprotective advantages <i>via</i> known mechanisms. For instance, honey polyphenols reduce tau hyperphosphorylation and amyloid beta (A<i>β</i>) deposition through anti-inflammatory and antioxidant actions. Pinocembrin a compound of propolis, plays a role in nuclear factor kappa B (NF-B) suppression of microglial activation via its proteolytic degradation and even enhances synaptic plasticity. Phospholipase A2 and melittin inhibited the acetylcholinesterase activity by raising the level of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Royal jelly has a neurotrophic impact, proven to promote neuroprogenitor cell proliferation, while bee pollen enhances cognitive function via extracellular signal-regulated kinase- cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element-binding protein (ERK-CREB) signaling. Apilarnil can protect and stimulate nerves and possesses anti-inflammatory properties. Despite the notion that apitherapy has a promising role in the management of, challenges including standardization, bioavailability, and clinical validation, warrant more attention prior to the implication in the drug discovery field.</p>","PeriodicalId":19114,"journal":{"name":"Neurodegenerative disease management","volume":" ","pages":"1-17"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147948880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mohsen Rastkar, Saba Ghandchi, Mahyar Ghajarzadeh, Mahsa Ghajarzadeh
{"title":"Which medication improves fatigue in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS)?: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.","authors":"Mohsen Rastkar, Saba Ghandchi, Mahyar Ghajarzadeh, Mahsa Ghajarzadeh","doi":"10.1080/17582024.2026.2670683","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17582024.2026.2670683","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Fatigue is a disabling symptom of multiple sclerosis (MS) with an unknown etiology. Various medications are used to treat MS-related fatigue, but none of the available studies directly compared the head-to-head efficacy of all these medications. So, we designed this meta-analysis to compare the efficacy of these drugs in treating MS-related fatigue.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, PsycINFO, and Web of Science were thoroughly searched by two independent researchers on 1 March 2025. Mean difference (SMD) was used as the effect size, and surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA) was applied to rank interventions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>15 studies were ultimately included in the systematic review. For fatigue severity, none of the medications were superior to placebo. For fatigue impact (MFIS) compared with placebo, Amantadine (MD -12.11, 95% CI -14.28 to -9.94), Dalfampridine (MD -14.05, 95% CI -22.59 to -5.52, and Methylphenidate (MD -5.25, 95% CI -8.44 to -2.06) were associated with statistically significant improvements. In contrast, CBT (MD 1.40, 95% CI -1.99 to 4.80), and Modafinil (MD 0.60, 95% CI -1.26 to 2.46) did not differ significantly from placebo.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Amantadine, dalfampridine, and methylphenidate were found to be superior to placebo in improving the impact of fatigue on patients' lives.</p>","PeriodicalId":19114,"journal":{"name":"Neurodegenerative disease management","volume":" ","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147932053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Perspectives in dementia risk reduction - food for thought.","authors":"Jill Rasmussen","doi":"10.1080/17582024.2026.2669599","DOIUrl":"10.1080/17582024.2026.2669599","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Diet and specific nutritional factors, alone and in combination with other lifestyle approaches, have an important role in decreasing the risk for dementia. Protective factors for dementia risk reduction are important in early as well as late adult life, since pathological processes underlying dementia begin years before clinical symptoms appear. Decreased levels of nutrients, such as B vitamins and omega-3 fatty acids, exacerbate pathological processes contributing to cognitive impairment. Initial work using specific diets, including the MIND diet (which combines elements of the Mediterranean and DASH diets), has shown potential to reduce the risk of cognitive decline and/or improve cognitive function, but further research is required. Although the benefits of single-agent nutrient supplementation are unclear, the LipiDiDiet trial has indicated that multinutrient supplementation with Fortasyn Connect may have the potential to improve cognitive function and decrease disease progression in individuals with prodromal Alzheimer's disease. The worldwide FINGER studies are assessing the potential benefits of multidomain lifestyle-based interventions in the prevention of cognitive decline, including dietary interventions. Evidence for the importance of nutrition in combination with lifestyle approaches in maintaining a healthy brain indicates that public health policy must consider nutrition and diet when targeting dementia risk reduction and healthy aging.</p>","PeriodicalId":19114,"journal":{"name":"Neurodegenerative disease management","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147868945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Filipi Fim Andreão, Rebeca Oliveira da Silva, Maria Fernanda Liphaus Almeida Negreli, Ana Beatriz P Aguiar-Barros, Diogo Haddad Santos
{"title":"Baseline epidemiological differences between donanemab and lecanemab users in real-world settings: a retrospective cohort study.","authors":"Filipi Fim Andreão, Rebeca Oliveira da Silva, Maria Fernanda Liphaus Almeida Negreli, Ana Beatriz P Aguiar-Barros, Diogo Haddad Santos","doi":"10.1080/17582024.2026.2667432","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17582024.2026.2667432","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>Donanemab and Lecanemab are anti-amyloid monoclonal antibodies recently approved for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Although their efficacy and safety have been investigated in randomized trials, real-world epidemiological data on treated populations remain limited. This study aimed to compare baseline clinical and laboratory characteristics of patients treated with donanemab versus lecanemab in routine practice.</p><p><strong>Patients and methods: </strong>We conducted a retrospective analysis using the TriNetX US Collaborative Network, including patients with Alzheimer's disease treated with donanemab or lecanemab between January 2024 and September 2025. Demographics, laboratory values, comorbidities, and concomitant medications were compared using standardized mean differences (SMD) and <i>p</i>-values. Variables with SMD ≥0.1 or <i>p</i> < 0.05 were considered meaningfully different.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 1,799 patients were included (donanemab <i>n</i> = 360; lecanemab <i>n</i> = 1,439). Demographic characteristics were well balanced (mean age 73.1 vs 72.5 years; SMD 0.028). Lecanemab users were more likely to be prescribed antidepressants (52% vs 41%; <i>p</i> < 0.0001; SMD = 0.23) and donepezil (61% vs 52%; <i>p</i> = 0.0145; SMD = 0.14). Donanemab users had higher prothrombin time (12.2 ± 2.17 vs 11.8 ± 1.66 s; <i>p</i> = 0.0158; SMD = 0.20) and INR (1.06 ± 0.19 vs 1.03 ± 0.13; <i>p</i> = 0.0369; SMD = 0.17), and a higher prevalence of vascular dementia (81% vs 76%; <i>p</i> = 0.0272; SMD = 0.12).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>While demographic variables were similar. These findings likely reflect real-world clinical selection patterns and should be accounted for in comparative effectiveness and safety analyses of anti-amyloid therapies.</p>","PeriodicalId":19114,"journal":{"name":"Neurodegenerative disease management","volume":" ","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147840787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Targeting excitatory/inhibitory neurotransmission by wogonin: integrated <i>In Silico</i> and <i>In Vivo</i> evidence in Parkinson's disease model.","authors":"Shivani Chib, Bhaskar Jyoti Dutta, Randhir Singh","doi":"10.1080/17582024.2026.2669596","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17582024.2026.2669596","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>The present study aimed to investigate neuroprotective potential of wogonin in rotenone-induced PD, with particular focus on modulation of excitatory/inhibitory (E/I) neurotransmission and other pathological factors, including oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and apoptosis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong><i>In-silico</i> molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation (MDS) were employed to assess binding affinity and stability of wogonin. Wistar rats were divided into six groups (<i>n</i> = 8) and treated with vehicle (1% DMSO), rotenone (2 mg/kg), wogonin (5, 10, and 20 mg/kg), and standard treatment for 21 days. Behavioral assessments were conducted weekly. On day 22, brain tissues were collected for analysis. Oxidative stress markers (MDA, GSH, and LDH) and Ca<sup>2+</sup> levels were measured using chemical assays. IL-6, caspase-3/9, parvalbumin, and c-FOS were quantified by ELISA and dopamine levels by HPLC-ECD. Western blotting was performed for GABA-A, gephyrin, MAO-B, and α-synuclein, while tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) expression and neuronal integrity were evaluated histologically.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Docking and MDS suggested stable drug-target interactions. Rotenone-induced motor deficits, elevated MDA, LDH, IL-6, caspase-3/9, Ca<sup>2+</sup>, and c-FOS level and reduced GSH, dopamine, gephyrin, GABA-A, and TH expression. Wogonin dose-dependently attenuated these changes and preserved striatal histoarchitecture.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Wogonin modulated the markers related to E/I neurotransmission and exhibited neuroprotection, highlighting its multitarget therapeutic potential in PD.</p>","PeriodicalId":19114,"journal":{"name":"Neurodegenerative disease management","volume":" ","pages":"1-15"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147840846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J S Sevitz, J A Curtis, N Vanegas-Arroyave, M S Troche
{"title":"Swallowing-related quality of life in progressive supranuclear palsy.","authors":"J S Sevitz, J A Curtis, N Vanegas-Arroyave, M S Troche","doi":"10.1080/17582024.2026.2669595","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17582024.2026.2669595","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>Dysphagia in Progressive Supranuclear Palsy (PSP) has devastating consequences, including pneumonia and death; however, no studies have described its impact on quality of life (QOL), limiting the degree to which management approaches align with patient needs. Therefore, in this cross-sectional retrospective analysis we characterized swallowing-related QOL (SWAL-QOL) in PSP and assessed its relationship with demographic and clinical characteristics.</p><p><strong>Patients & methods: </strong>Consecutive outpatients completed an assessment of swallowing including the SWAL-QOL questionnaire. Correlations and Wilcoxon sum-rank tests were used to examine whether SWAL-QOL total score (primary analysis) and domain scores (exploratory analysis) differed by demographic variables (age, sex, disease duration), diet status, cognition (MoCA), and swallowing safety.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Thirty-five patients with PSP were included (mean age 71, 14F). Median SWAL-QOL total score was 72.1 [IQR 52.6, 82.8]. The most impaired domains were eating duration, fatigue, and communication (<i>M</i> = 50). Those on modified diets had significantly lower total scores (<i>M</i> = 44.1) than those on regular diets (<i>M</i> = 79.8) (W = 22; <i>p</i> = .003). No relationship between total score and age (ρ = 0.30; <i>p</i> = .079), sex (W = 126; <i>p</i> = 0.495), disease duration (ρ = -0.161; <i>p</i> = .354), cognition (ρ=0.207; <i>p</i> = .273), or swallowing safety (χ<sup>2</sup> = 1.89; <i>p</i> = .389) was found.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>SWAL-QOL is reduced in PSP and findings suggest that attention to eating duration and diet modification may inform person-centered care.</p>","PeriodicalId":19114,"journal":{"name":"Neurodegenerative disease management","volume":" ","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147840772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xiaolu Liu, Dilip Dhakal, Sixin Gu, Guantong Li, Mei Jing, Gaoxiao Zhang, Yuqiang Wang, Zaijun Zhang, Dongsheng Fan
{"title":"Relationship between grip strength, functional outcome, and health-related quality of life measurements in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients.","authors":"Xiaolu Liu, Dilip Dhakal, Sixin Gu, Guantong Li, Mei Jing, Gaoxiao Zhang, Yuqiang Wang, Zaijun Zhang, Dongsheng Fan","doi":"10.1080/17582024.2026.2667425","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17582024.2026.2667425","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>To explore how grip strength is related to functional status and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In the phase 2 trial of TBN for treatment of ALS, 148 patients in full analysis set received TBN (600 mg or 1200 mg) or a placebo for 180 days. Outcome measurements included ALS Functional Rating Scale-Revised (ALSFRS-R), 40-item ALS Assessment Questionnaire (ALSAQ-40), grip strength, and forced vital capacity (FVC). Spearman's rank correlation was used to examine associations between grip strength, ALSFRS-R and ALSAQ-40. A principal component analysis-ANCOVA model adjusted for sex was used to further explore the associations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Grip strength was strongly correlated with ALSFRS-R fine motor function domain (r<sub>s</sub> = 0.740) and moderately correlated with ALSAQ-40 activities of daily living (ADL) domain (r<sub>s</sub> = -0.637) (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Weak correlations were observed between FVC and both ALSFRS-R total score (r<sub>s</sub> = 0.355) and respiratory domain (r<sub>s</sub> = 0.229) and ALSAQ-40 domains. Grip strength was a strong predictor of ALSFRS-R fine motor and ALSAQ-40 ADL domains.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Grip strength was associated with functional status and HRQoL, supporting its potential role as a meaningful clinical outcome measure in patients with ALS.</p>","PeriodicalId":19114,"journal":{"name":"Neurodegenerative disease management","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147840830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Pilates as therapy for multiple sclerosis: current perspective and future directions.","authors":"Parisa Najafi, Louise Declerck, Robert Motl","doi":"10.1080/17582024.2026.2664405","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17582024.2026.2664405","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that often results in walking and balance impairments, fatigue, depression, and reduced quality of life (QOL). Exercise is beneficial for people with MS, and mind-body approaches like Pilates offer unique benefits, perhaps through activity-dependent neuroplasticity. The paper provides an overview of Pilates exercise as therapy in MS, and presents evidence from RCTs supporting its benefits, safety, and application in MS. We located 31 RCTs examining Pilates interventions in MS. There was consistent evidence for improvements in fatigue, balance, QOL, walking performance, mood, and select biochemical markers. However, the generalizability of the RCT evidence is limited by the predominance of studies from a single geographic region and mainly samples of young and middle-aged adults with MS, variability in intervention protocols, underrepresentation of important outcomes such as motor-cognitive function, and inconsistent reporting of adherence and safety. Overall, Pilates represents a holistic, evidence-informed approach with considerable potential for improving outcomes in people with MS, and we offer recommendations for future research on Pilates in MS.</p>","PeriodicalId":19114,"journal":{"name":"Neurodegenerative disease management","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147818144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}