Selahaddin Batuhan Akben, Ayşenur Bilirim, Cantürk Akben, Şule Aydın Türkoğlu
{"title":"Analyzing multiple-sclerosis progression: stage-specific biomarker insights via explainable machine learning.","authors":"Selahaddin Batuhan Akben, Ayşenur Bilirim, Cantürk Akben, Şule Aydın Türkoğlu","doi":"10.1080/17582024.2026.2654373","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17582024.2026.2654373","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disease where early diagnosis from Clinically Isolated Syndrome (CIS) remains challenging.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study investigates stage-specific biomarkers for CIS-to-MS conversion using explainable machine learning on a 10-year prospective dataset of 273 CIS patients, stratified by EDSS scores (1, 2, 3).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Following data preprocessing and 10-fold cross-validation, Shapley analysis identified clinical, MRI, demographic, and environmental variables. Models achieved high accuracy (EDSS = 1: 89.5% via KNN; EDSS = 2/3: 100% via SVM/Ensemble). Periventricular MRI lesions and oligoclonal bands were primary predictors across all stages. Spinal cord lesions became decisive at EDSS = 3, while motor symptoms were critical for early diagnosis. Lower education and lack of breastfeeding increased MS risk; varicella history showed positive correlation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These AI models effectively identify stage-specific biomarkers, revealing the dynamic importance of MRI findings. The influence of psychosocial and environmental factors underscores a multidisciplinary approach for MS management and early diagnosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":19114,"journal":{"name":"Neurodegenerative disease management","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147609434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Paratonia in dementia: diagnosis and management strategies.","authors":"Shubha Joshi, Porimita Chutia, Shailendra Mohan Tripathi","doi":"10.1080/17582024.2025.2591413","DOIUrl":"10.1080/17582024.2025.2591413","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Paratonia is a type of hypertonia with involuntary resistance to passive movement depending on the pace and force being applied. People with paratonia may find it challenging to modify their movements and posture. Limited awareness among healthcare professionals can lead to a delay in diagnosis and inadequate treatment. Here, we present two cases diagnosed with dementia due to Alzheimer's disease. The two patients developed stiffness in their bodies as the dementia progressed. Paratonia was diagnosed using the Paratonia Assessment Inventory. Severity of paratonia was assessed using the Modified Ashworth scale for paratonia (MAS-P). The caregiver's primary concern was the stiffness of the body, which created difficulties in routine care. Amantadine was initiated in both patients. Both patients demonstrated improvement in paratonia following amantadine treatment, with reduced stiffness and greater ease in caregiving tasks. The present case series highlights the role of amantadine in the management of paratonia and can contribute to the development of more treatment options.</p>","PeriodicalId":19114,"journal":{"name":"Neurodegenerative disease management","volume":" ","pages":"173-176"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13011594/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145541503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jared Stroud, Jeffrey L Cummings, Sanjeda R Chumki, Pedro Such, David Wang, Anton M Palma, Zhen Zhang, George T Grossberg
{"title":"Brexpiprazole for treating agitation in different groups of people with Alzheimer's dementia: a plain language summary.","authors":"Jared Stroud, Jeffrey L Cummings, Sanjeda R Chumki, Pedro Such, David Wang, Anton M Palma, Zhen Zhang, George T Grossberg","doi":"10.1080/17582024.2026.2623968","DOIUrl":"10.1080/17582024.2026.2623968","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19114,"journal":{"name":"Neurodegenerative disease management","volume":" ","pages":"113-121"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13011580/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146195229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Exploring prodrug approaches for Alzheimer's treatment: an overview.","authors":"Priya Kumari, Dileep Kumar, Shakuntala Chopade, Dipanjan Karati","doi":"10.1080/17582024.2025.2514990","DOIUrl":"10.1080/17582024.2025.2514990","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the largest global health burden among age-related conditions; it involves inflammation, plaque buildup, and oxidative stress combined with tangles that lead to brain atrophy and a decline in cognitive function. Though intensive research efforts have been focused on identifying the etiology of AD, its causative factors, especially concerning therapeutic interventions that can make a significant impact in this regard, are relatively vague due to several impediments such as the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Prodrugs and nanomedicine deliver new promising alternatives for drug administration over the BBB with better therapeutic results. This paper documents several prodrugs created for AD along with in vitro techniques for analyzing prodrug kinetics and recently developed nanotechnology-based delivery systems. The innovations discussed herein aim to enhance the bioavailability, stability, and activity of drugs toward offering better treatment opportunities as well as new research avenues against AD.</p>","PeriodicalId":19114,"journal":{"name":"Neurodegenerative disease management","volume":" ","pages":"177-190"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13011631/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144497534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yan Huang, Yantong Wan, Jie Chen, Mengchen Qin, Jieyan Wang, Hui Liang
{"title":"Knowledge mapping of biomarkers in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a comprehensive bibliometric and visual analysis.","authors":"Yan Huang, Yantong Wan, Jie Chen, Mengchen Qin, Jieyan Wang, Hui Liang","doi":"10.1080/17582024.2025.2554525","DOIUrl":"10.1080/17582024.2025.2554525","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a severe neurodegenerative disease, and there is currently an urgent need to identify valuable biomarkers to accelerate diagnosis, optimize treatment and prognosis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>To conduct a bibliometric analysis of publications related to \"ALS biomarker\" over the past 20 years, utilizing the subject search feature of the Web of Science Core Collection along with CiteSpace, VOSviewer, and Bibliometrix.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This review presents a 20-year bibliometric analysis of ALS biomarker research (2004-2024), analyzing 2535 publications showing rising trends. The United States led contributions, with Turner, Martin R as the most productive/cited author. Key research hotspots included cerebrospinal fluid, tdp-43, clinical trial, and neuroinflammation. Topics such as neurofilament light chain, machine learning, and exosomes could potentially represent the cutting edge of future research.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In summary, this study uses bibliometric analysis of ALS biomarker research to provide a forward-looking perspective on its future limitations and potential.</p>","PeriodicalId":19114,"journal":{"name":"Neurodegenerative disease management","volume":" ","pages":"191-207"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13011637/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144992913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Potential diagnostic markers in Alzheimer's disease: current perspectives and future directions.","authors":"Menghan Zheng, Simiao Wang, Jianping Jia","doi":"10.1080/17582024.2025.2554515","DOIUrl":"10.1080/17582024.2025.2554515","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common form of dementia, remains a leading neurodegenerative disorder that necessitates the development of diagnostic markers. While current cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and positron emission tomography (PET) biomarkers facilitate diagnostic accuracy, their invasive and pricey nature limits widespread application. Blood-based biomarkers, such as plasma Aβ42/40 and phosphorylated tau isoforms, are emerging as accessible alternatives. Biomarkers reflecting neurodegeneration (e.g. neurofilament light chain, brain-derived tau) and neuroinflammation (e.g. glial fibrillary acidic protein, TSPO-PET) provide additional insights into disease progression. Novel approaches - including exosomal and Aβ seeds biomarkers, omics techniques, and retinal imaging - further broaden the diagnostic landscape. Despite the promising perspectives, challenges remain in validity and utility. This review highlights recent advances of AD diagnostic markers, evaluates their clinical potential and limitations, and outlines future directions guided by the Geneva five-phase roadmap. The ultimate aim is to facilitate earlier detection and timely intervention of this burdensome disorder.</p>","PeriodicalId":19114,"journal":{"name":"Neurodegenerative disease management","volume":" ","pages":"225-237"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13011589/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145001025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rabab Shami, Rania El Majzoub, Ali Ismail, Jana Kotaich, Mariam Kassem, Ghida Safadieh, Mohammad Fayyad-Kazan, Bahia Chahine
{"title":"Effects of triptolide herb on the progression of Alzheimer's disease preclinical models: a systematic review.","authors":"Rabab Shami, Rania El Majzoub, Ali Ismail, Jana Kotaich, Mariam Kassem, Ghida Safadieh, Mohammad Fayyad-Kazan, Bahia Chahine","doi":"10.1080/17582024.2025.2562776","DOIUrl":"10.1080/17582024.2025.2562776","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study aims to systematically evaluate and synthesize preclinical evidence on the neuroprotective effects of Triptolide (Tri) in Alzheimer's disease (AD) models, focusing on its impact on amyloid-beta accumulation, synaptic dysfunction, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, autophagy, and apoptosis.</p><p><strong>Introduction: </strong>AD is the most common cause of dementia, yet current treatments largely target symptoms rather than underlying pathology. Tri, a bioactive compound from <i>Tripterygium wilfordii</i>, has shown promise due to its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and neuroprotective properties.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic search of PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science was conducted up to 16 March 2024. English-language in vivo and in vitro studies on Tri's effects in AD models were included. Methodological quality was assessed using SYRCLE and SciRAP tools. The review is registered in PROSPERO (CRD42024521822).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Out of 403 studies, 15 met the inclusion criteria (6 in vivo, 8 in vitro, 1 both). Tri reduced Aβ burden, enhanced memory and synaptic integrity, suppressed neuroinflammation and oxidative stress, and modulated autophagy and apoptosis.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Tri demonstrates significant multi-target neuroprotective effects in AD preclinical models. Further high-quality studies are warranted to optimize dosing, delivery, and safety for clinical translation.</p>","PeriodicalId":19114,"journal":{"name":"Neurodegenerative disease management","volume":" ","pages":"239-251"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13011600/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145131581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yahui Zhu, Jiongming Bai, Hongfen Wang, Mao Li, Fei Yang, Xinyuan Pang, Rongrong Du, Jiarui Zhao, Xusheng Huang, Fang Cui
{"title":"The difference between cystatin C- and creatinine-based estimated glomerular filtration rate and survival in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a population-based cohort study.","authors":"Yahui Zhu, Jiongming Bai, Hongfen Wang, Mao Li, Fei Yang, Xinyuan Pang, Rongrong Du, Jiarui Zhao, Xusheng Huang, Fang Cui","doi":"10.1080/17582024.2025.2554224","DOIUrl":"10.1080/17582024.2025.2554224","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>We investigated the relationship between cystatin C- and creatinine-based estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFRdiff) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) outcomes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We enrolled ALS patients diagnosed between January 2014 and December 2019. Experienced neurologists followed up the participants until January 2022. Absolute difference between eGFR (eGFRabdiff) and relative difference between eGFR (eGFRrediff) were obtained. Cox proportional hazard models were used to evaluate the relationship between eGFRdiff and ALS survival.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Negative eGFRabdiff were common in the patients (74.7%). For each SD increase of eGFRabdiff, the risk of poor prognosis for ALS patients decreased by 1.9% (HR, 0.981; 95% CI, 0.973-0.989). For each 10% increment in eGFRrediff, the risk of poor prognosis for ALS patients decreased by 17.7% (HR, 0.823; 95% CI, 754-0.898).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We found that large eGFRdiff was associated with poor prognosis in ALS. Monitoring eGFRdiff in ALS population facilitates prognostic stratification assessment and precise management.</p>","PeriodicalId":19114,"journal":{"name":"Neurodegenerative disease management","volume":" ","pages":"153-161"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13011588/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144962550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Effects of isokinetic exercises on balance, proprioception, quality of life, and kinesiophobia in multiple sclerosis.","authors":"Melek A Selcuk, Burcu D Cakit, Ufuk Ergun","doi":"10.1080/17582024.2025.2552599","DOIUrl":"10.1080/17582024.2025.2552599","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>To evaluate the effects of isokinetic hamstring and quadriceps muscle (IHGM)-strengthening and home exercises on balance, proprioception, fear of falling (FoF), kinesiophobia, and quality of life in persons with multiple sclerosis (PwMS).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The peak torque/body mass of the IHGMs, the absolute angular error (AAE) and mean AAE of the less and more affected legs, and the scores of the Dynamic Gait Index, 10-meter walk test, Berg Balance Scale (BBS), Modified Falls Efficacy Scale, Multiple Sclerosis Quality of Life-54 (MSQoL-54), Visual Analog Scale, and Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia-17 (TSK-17) were evaluated before and after the training programs.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Isokinetic exercises resulted in significantly higher improvements in the BBS (<i>p</i> = 0.008) and MSQoL-54 physical (<i>p</i> = 0.006) scores and the quadriceps muscle strength at 180°/s angular velocity in the less affected leg (<i>p</i> = 0.001) compared to home exercises.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Isokinetic exercises can improve muscle strength, QoL, and balance in PwMS without complications or exacerbations.</p>","PeriodicalId":19114,"journal":{"name":"Neurodegenerative disease management","volume":" ","pages":"163-172"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13011628/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144962469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Attention Gated-VGG with deep learning-based features for Alzheimer's disease classification.","authors":"Deepthi K Moorthy, P Nagaraj","doi":"10.1080/17582024.2025.2554495","DOIUrl":"10.1080/17582024.2025.2554495","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Alzheimer's disease (AD) is considered to be one of the neurodegenerative diseases with possible cognitive deficits related to dementia in human subjects. High priority should be put on efforts aimed at early detection of AD.</p><p><strong>Research design and methods: </strong>Here, images undergo a pre-processing phase that integrates image resizing and the application of median filters. After that, processed images are subjected to data augmentation procedures. Feature extraction from WOA-based ResNet, together with extracted convolutional neural network (CNN) features from pre-processed images, is used to train proposed DL model to classify AD. The process is executed using the proposed Attention Gated-VGG model.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The proposed method outperformed normal methodologies when tested and achieved an accuracy of 96.7%, sensitivity of 97.8%, and specificity of 96.3%.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results have proven that Attention Gated-VGG model is a very promising technique for classifying AD.</p>","PeriodicalId":19114,"journal":{"name":"Neurodegenerative disease management","volume":" ","pages":"123-134"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13011617/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145033884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}