Psychology Research and Applications最新文献

{"title":"Investigating Developmental Profiles of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders: Early Indicators and Directions for Intervention","authors":"Camilla Teresa Martini Mazetto, É. Thiébaut, Thais Aquino Vizoná, M. Nassif, Raissa Ruza dos Santos, Marie-Anna Bernard-Paulais, J. Wendland, Maria Thereza Costa Coelho de Souza, J. Adrien","doi":"10.22606/pra.2021.33001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22606/pra.2021.33001","url":null,"abstract":"The study describes the relationships between autistic symptomatology severity, developmental heterogeneity, and chronological age for a group of 62 Brazilian children with ASD (59 boys, 3 girls); average chronological age was 42 months and 8 days (SD = 17 months, 15 days). Assessments were carried out with the Social Cognitive Evaluation Battery (SCEB), a French psychological assessment tool currently being validated in Brazil, and the Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS). Results indicated a negative correlation between developmental levels and intensity of autistic symptoms; a negative correlation between heterogeneity indices and developmental levels; and a positive correlation between heterogeneity indices and autistic symptomatology intensity. When comparing the group of younger children (less than 33 months) to the older children in the sample, the study demonstrates that early socio-emotional heterogeneity is a developmental marker in young children with ASD, and this finding can lead to personalized intervention programs.","PeriodicalId":190964,"journal":{"name":"Psychology Research and Applications","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125924073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nine Ways to Detect Possible Scientific Misconduct in Research with Small (N < 200) Samples","authors":"W. Schumm, D. Crawford, Lorenza Lockett, Abdullah AlRashed, Asma bin Ateeq","doi":"10.22606/pra.2021.32001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22606/pra.2021.32001","url":null,"abstract":"Some scientists have fabricated their data, yet have published their fake results in peer-reviewed journals. How can we detect patterns typical of fabricated research? Nine relatively less complex ways for detecting potentially fabricated data in small samples (N < 200), are presented, using data from articles published since 1999 as illustrations. Even with smaller samples, there are several ways in which scholars, as well as their undergraduate and graduate students, can detect possible fabrication of data as well as other questionable research practices (QRPs). However, with larger samples, other techniques may be needed.","PeriodicalId":190964,"journal":{"name":"Psychology Research and Applications","volume":"06 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127193149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Impact of Traumatic Experiences on Individual’s Health and Conduct: A Case Study of Rwandans Cultural Identity in Finland and Belgium","authors":"Jean d’Amour Banyanga","doi":"10.22606/pra.2019.13001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22606/pra.2019.13001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":190964,"journal":{"name":"Psychology Research and Applications","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121674157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Can the Null Hypothesis Be “Proven” by Using Large Numbers of Predictor Variables?","authors":"Michelle M. V. Perez, W. Schumm, Abdullah AlRashed, D. Crawford","doi":"10.22606/PRA.2019.12001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22606/PRA.2019.12001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":190964,"journal":{"name":"Psychology Research and Applications","volume":"75 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116305361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Replacing Happiness with Meaning An Interview Structure for Formulating Life’s Meaning","authors":"Tami Yaguri","doi":"10.22606/PRA.2019.12002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22606/PRA.2019.12002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":190964,"journal":{"name":"Psychology Research and Applications","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121756212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the Quality of Literature Reviews in the Social Sciences: Developing a Measure of Quality with an Illustration","authors":"W. Schumm, D. Crawford","doi":"10.22606/PRA.2019.12003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22606/PRA.2019.12003","url":null,"abstract":"How might scholars evaluate the quality of literature reviews in the social sciences? We developed a variety of potential measures of review quality and tested them using data from 72 reviews of the literature between 2001 and 2017 in the area of same-sex parenting, with a focus on the issues of any association between parental and child sexual orientation or greater acceptance of sexual diversity by the child for themselves or others. Six single item measures of quality were transformed into ordinal measures and combined to form a quality scale (a = .592). Quality measures were often not normally distributed, with positive skew and kurtosis, necessitating the use of nonparametric statistics. The quality scale was significantly correlated with citation rates as an indicator of scholarly impact. Contrary to expectations, some of the higher quality reviews more often disagreed with consensus viewpoints than did reviews scoring lower on quality. Encyclopedia entries scored the lowest on quality of any type of publication (versus books, book chapters, journal articles, and reports from professional organizations). Reviews varied greatly in quality, with scores of quality between 1 and 21, although overall quality was not significantly related to the year of publication of the reviews. The eleven highest quality reviews for same-sex parenting were identified. Suggestions for improving literature reviews in the future are discussed.","PeriodicalId":190964,"journal":{"name":"Psychology Research and Applications","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130412270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Attentional Bias for Occasional Cellphone Users Assessed with the Emotional Stroop Test","authors":"Antonio A. Álvarez, L. Otero","doi":"10.22606/PRA.2019.11003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22606/PRA.2019.11003","url":null,"abstract":"The use of the cellphone has drastically increased in the last few years, which entails a risk for owners that their excessive use may produce an addiction. When someone develops this dependence, they tend to show an attentional bias to information related to it. The abovementioned hypothesis has been investigated in this study using an addiction Stroop test. In light of this, 43 undergraduates, classified as high or low message senders according to their daily average, were requested to perform a Stroop task including cellphone-related, toothache-related (control condition) and neutral words. No cellphone-related attentional bias was found, but the less frequent users were faster with toothache-related words than with neutral words. Analyzing the whole sample, this Stroop facilitation effect significantly and negatively correlated with cellphone usage frequency. No evidence of a cellphone-related addiction was found, but the results indicate that cellphone use may be associated with attentional biases.","PeriodicalId":190964,"journal":{"name":"Psychology Research and Applications","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130548966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychosocial Skills Training for Social Innovation: Analysis of Three Programs for Different Stages of Development of Social Innovators","authors":"Mariana Bargsted","doi":"10.22606/PRA.2019.11004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22606/PRA.2019.11004","url":null,"abstract":"Social Innovation, as planned behavior, can be developed from specific training programs. The aim of this study was to determine the distinctive profiles of social innovators in three phases and to establish the basic training objectives for each stage. Three groups of participants answered a questionnaire: a) teenager enrolled in a one-year program of leadership training, b) students of a university course on social entrepreneurship and innovation, and c) social innovators applying for competitive funds. Differences among the three groups were identified in terms of values, motives, attitudes and social entrepreneurship intention. With this information, a series of guidelines are proposed in order to develop the competences and skills required at each stage.","PeriodicalId":190964,"journal":{"name":"Psychology Research and Applications","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122068538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Pains of Sexual Abuse and the Efficacy of Psychotherapy in Treating Psychological Distress in a Sexual Abuse Victim","authors":"Dauda Akwai Saleh","doi":"10.22606/PRA.2019.11001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22606/PRA.2019.11001","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates the pains of sexual abuse and the efficacy of psychotherapy in treating psychological distress in a 22 year old undergraduate student who was sexually abused between ages 7 and 9. Single case pre/post test experimental design utilizing a mixed method using qualitative and quantitative approach was utilized in this study. The study lasted for 13 sessions of psychotherapy. All data were manually analysed, client’s raw scores were compared with the mean scores/cut-off points of instruments of data collection. Two research questions were answered in this study; Pre test result revealed that, based on SCL-90, participant had significant levels of psychological distress on 9 sub scales with the total score of 218, depression had the highest score of 40, followed by anxiety with 31, Interpersonal sensitivity 29, Obsessive compulsive 23, Phobic anxiety 23, Psychoticism 21, Paranoid ideation 17, Neuroticism 11 and Hostility 10. On PCLS, participant’s score of 54 is significant for the diagnosis of posttraumatic stress disorder. The score of 28 on Beck Depression inventory indicate moderate level of depression. While on Beck Hopelessness scale, the score of 5 indicate mild level of hopelessness. Result of the second research question (post-test) after the 10 session of psychotherapy revealed that, participants scores on all instruments reduced; On SCL-90; only 3 subscales were significant with lower scores compared to results of pre test, Obsessive compulsive 21, Interpersonal sensitivity 17, and Paranoid ideation 16, with the total SCL-90 score of 100. On PCLS participants score of 32 indicate absence of PTSD. Participant’s score of 9 and 0 on Beck depression inventory and Beck Hopelessness scale falls within the normal/minimal levels of depression and hopelessness respectively. The researcher recommends that, parents and care givers should be cautions of those who take care of their wards and the child act right should be implemented in all states of the federation. There is the need for awareness in schools and among women groups on sexual abuse among children.","PeriodicalId":190964,"journal":{"name":"Psychology Research and Applications","volume":"532 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132373830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Smart Technology and Not So Smart Sleep Quality","authors":"K. Sexton-Radek, Elizabeth Borek, Dylin Coons, Sandra Mohama","doi":"10.22606/PRA.2019.11002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22606/PRA.2019.11002","url":null,"abstract":"Sleep quality has been identified as “poor” overall, in young adults. Traditionally, sleep hygiene rules composed of a set of positive health habits conducive to relaxation and falling asleep are provided to address poor sleep. To the young adult population of 18-30 years, poor sleep quality is also related to variable sleep patterns (Sexton-Radek, 2008). Jacobsen & Forste (2011) reported that the constant technology use (i.e., smartphone, tablet) by young adults interferes with their sleep. The modification of a sleep schedule is regularly exercised by young adults; -they give up sleep for social activities in person or online (Sexton-Radek, 2008). Current use of technology at pre-sleep is undocumented in the young adult population. This study was aimed at measuring sleep hygiene, along with technology use in young adults. Results from a questionnaire administered internationally to a young adult population indicated widespread, constant use of technology at pre-sleep in the young adult population.","PeriodicalId":190964,"journal":{"name":"Psychology Research and Applications","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116957433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}