Scandinavian Journal of Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"Imbalance of catabolic and anabolic pathways in chronic heart failure","authors":"S. Anker","doi":"10.1080/110264802753704064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/110264802753704064","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractChronic heart failure (CHF) is a complex metabolic disorder with multiple interactions between the immune, neurohormonal and cardiovascular systems. That the progression of CHF is due to neurohormonal abnormalities is now considered to be established and has led to major therapeutic bene? ts. Many current therapies are also thought to exert a variety of immunological effects and this has been much less studied. This review aims to discuss interactions between immune pathways and neurohormonal abnormalities relevant to disease progression in CHF and to the development of cardiac cachexia. Cytokines, in particular tumour necrosis factora, have many interactive opportunities within a regulatory network of energy metabolism, immune function and neuroendocrine function. In ammatory cytokines are known to contribute to the progression of CHF, being related to patients’ prognosis. Advanced CHF can be considered to be a state of chronic (low-grade) in amation and catabolism. Anti-cytokine therapy could be...","PeriodicalId":190777,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Nutrition","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122805754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Health claims within the Swedish Code","authors":"N. Asp","doi":"10.1080/11026480260363260","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/11026480260363260","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract“Functional food” continues to be a highly interesting and much debated issue, with regard to scientific support, business potential, and importance for health and well-being. Problems with delimiting the concept can be overcome by regarding functional foods as foods with health claims. Various types of claim then have to be defened, as well as requirements for their scientific documentation. Such definitions are currently emerging internationally within Codex Alimentarius and within the European Commission. Guidelines on scientific substantiation have been issued within the Council of Europe, and the development of criteria for the scientific support of claims is focused on within the EC Fifth Framework concerted action project “Process for the Assessment of Scientific Support for Claims” (PASSCLAIM). The Swedish Code on health claims, effective since 1990 regarding generic claims in two steps and extended in 2001 to “product-specific physiological claims”, is in line with these developments.","PeriodicalId":190777,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Nutrition","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"113965598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"WHO’s global strategy on diet, physical activity and health","authors":"A. Waxman","doi":"10.1080/11026480410033539","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/11026480410033539","url":null,"abstract":"World health is in transition. Epidemiologically, many low-and middle-income countries are now experiencing a double burden of disease, whereby in addition to infectious diseases, they are facing a...","PeriodicalId":190777,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Nutrition","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122627221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Popular diets, body weight and health:","authors":"S. Bryngelsson, N. Asp","doi":"10.1080/11026480510031990","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/11026480510031990","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractThis overview focuses on the scientific support for selected popular diets; the Atkins diet, glycaemic index methods, the Montignac diet and the palaeolithic diet. The practical application of the diets, and their nutritional composition, in comparison with official dietary recommendations, are also discussed. In conclusion, any diet reducing energy intake may be effective in short-term weight reduction. However, the long-term safety and efficacy of the popular diets need more research to be supported, and the burden of evidence should be placed on the promoters of the diets.","PeriodicalId":190777,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Nutrition","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129809638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Results of a support programme for treatment of overweight and obese patients with orlistat","authors":"Katrin Kobbevik, U. Gisletun, F. Hansson, S. Tonstad","doi":"10.1080/11026480500286274","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/11026480500286274","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Overweight and obesity are reaching epidemic proportions, and a variety of therapeutic countermeasures is needed. This article describes a support programme for orlistat. Methods: Physicians who prescribed orlistat could refer their patients to a support programme provided by the manufacturer. A clinical nutritionist evaluated the patient’s diet and gave advice and motivational support during approximately seven telephone consultations a year. Design: A cohort study. Results: Of 3526 patients (81.5% women and 18.5% men) whose first contact with the nutritionist was recorded between April 2001 and July 2004, 3023 had at least one follow-up consultation. The mean initial body mass index (BMI) was 33.7 (SD 9.0). Of men and women, 90% and 80%, respectively, met the Norwegian Pharmaceutical Product Compendium criteria for orlistat. The remaining patients had a BMI that was too low or no reported risk factors. Of the 2456 patients who reported their weight\u0000 at two or more consultations, 70% achieved a <;5% weight loss. Patients who took part in the programme for 4.5 months or more, and reported their weight at two or more consultations (n=1891, 62.5%), had a mean weight reduction of 9.1% (95% confidence interval 7.8 to 10.4%) of the initial weight. Conclusion: The combination of telephone advice provided by a clinical nutritionist and orlistat had a clinically significant effect among over two-thirds of patients who reported their weight. Use of orlistat largely followed medical recommendations with regard to the target population. Keywords: cardiovascular risk factors; dietary therapy; nutritionist, obesity; orlistat; overweight; support programme","PeriodicalId":190777,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Nutrition","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130114466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical Nutrition – The Nutrition Society Textbook","authors":"I. Bosaeus","doi":"10.1080/11026480500396073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/11026480500396073","url":null,"abstract":"Michael J. Gibney, Marinos Elia, Olle Ljungqvist and Julie Dowsett, eds. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing; 2005. 480 pp.ISBN-10: 0-632-05626-6. ISBN-13: 978-0-632-05626-2. £30 “Clinical nutrition” is a...","PeriodicalId":190777,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Nutrition","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129081412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nordic Nutrition Recommendations: integrating nutrition and physical activity","authors":"M. Wahlqvist","doi":"10.1080/11026480500286407","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/11026480500286407","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":190777,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Nutrition","volume":"80 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128507293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fetal nutrition and adult disease: programming of chronic disease through fetal exposure to undernutrition","authors":"B. Strandvik","doi":"10.1080/11026480510044527","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/11026480510044527","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":190777,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Nutrition","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114449060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cardiovascular disease: diet, nutrition and emerging risk factors. The report of a British Nutrition Foundation task force","authors":"J. Torgerson","doi":"10.1080/11026480500286449","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/11026480500286449","url":null,"abstract":"Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death worldwide, accounting for about 18 million deaths each year. Around 50% of these deaths are from coronary heart disease and a further 25% from stroke. Classical risk factors for cardiovascular disease include smoking, elevated cholesterol levels, raised blood pressure, physical inactivity, obesity and diabetes. However, these conventional risk factors do not account for all cardiovascular risk and they cannot fully explain gender, ethnic and socioeconomic differences in cardiovascular disease. Furthermore, treatments that are effective in altering conventional risk factors, e.g. statins used to lower cholesterol levels, do not totally remove the risk, but reduce it by one-third or even less. Against this background there is an ongoing search for other, more subtle indicators of risk of cardiovascular disease, including endothelial dysfunction, oxidative stress, inflammation and the haemostatic system, as well as adipose tissuederived factors and the clustering of multiple interrelated risk factors known as the metabolic syndrome. Although a lot of information has been gathered about these ‘‘novel’’ risk factors, little is known about how they may be altered to reduce cardiovascular risk and disease. In particular, not much is known about the interplay between diet, nutrition and the novel risk factors. Consequently, the British Nutrition Foundation set up a task force chaired by Keith N Frayn, Professor of Human Metabolism at the University of Oxford, to elucidate the emerging risk factors for cardiovascular disease and their relationship to diet. The present report, ‘‘Cardiovascular disease: diet, nutrition and emerging risk factors’’, edited by Sara Stanner, is the interesting result of these efforts. The two initial chapters cover classical epidemiology and aetiology of cardiovascular disease, as well as the metabolic syndrome, obesity and insulin resistance. The following chapters give the reader an abundance of information about lipid-related factors, such as small, dense low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particles and postprandial remnant lipoproteins, endothelial dysfunction, oxidative stress, coagulation and fibronolysis, as well as factors related to low-grade inflammation such as C-reactive protein (CRP), fibrinogen and serum amyloid A. All these novel factors are of importance for understanding the process of atherosclerosis and thrombosis, i.e. the lesions in arterial walls and blood clotting that result in manifest cardiovascular disease and very often in death. Subsequent chapters focus on homocysteine and adipose tissuederived factors, such as leptin, adiponectin and cytokines, e.g. tumour necrosis factor-a and interleukin-6. In a separate chapter foetal and maternal nutrition and the relationship between low birth weight and adult cardiovascular disease are discussed. All these 10 initial chapters include final key points and recommendations from the task force for future research e","PeriodicalId":190777,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Nutrition","volume":"154 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115693825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nutritional modulation of the \"brain-gut axis\"","authors":"R. Brummer","doi":"10.1080/11026480510038074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/11026480510038074","url":null,"abstract":"The \"brain-gut axis\" is a multicomponent conceptual model describing the bidirectional communication pathways connecting cognitive and emotional centres in the brain with neuroendocrine centres, the enteric nervous system and the immune system. This model enables novel explanations for the comorbidity of affective disorders, especially concerning mood and anxiety, in functional gastrointestinal disorders, the visceral hypersensitivity, as well as the effect of various acute and chronic stressors on gastrointestinal function. Furthermore, it offers the possibility to develop new biomarkers of integrated brain-gut function. This review discusses the possibilities to modify brain-gut interaction by nutritional means, offered by the brain-gut axis concept. Dietary interventions directed at serotonergic metabolism and its action in the brain, the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, the metabolism of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids affecting both brain\u0000 function and inflammatory cytokine profiles, and gut hormones are elaborated. The central role of the autonomic nervous system is also discussed. It is concluded that the concept of the brain-gut axis indeed enables the development of novel dietary intervention strategies in functional gastrointestinal disorders, but results directly transferable to daily practice are not immediately anticipated.","PeriodicalId":190777,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Nutrition","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127106515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}