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YSAR: a compact, low-cost synthetic aperture radar YSAR:一种紧凑、低成本的合成孔径雷达
IGARSS '96. 1996 International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium Pub Date : 1997-09-24 DOI: 10.1109/IGARSS.1996.516830
D.G. Thompson, D. Arnold, D. Long, G. Miner, T. W. Karlinsey
{"title":"YSAR: a compact, low-cost synthetic aperture radar","authors":"D.G. Thompson, D. Arnold, D. Long, G. Miner, T. W. Karlinsey","doi":"10.1109/IGARSS.1996.516830","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IGARSS.1996.516830","url":null,"abstract":"The authors have developed a relatively inexpensive, experimental synthetic aperture radar (SAR) system which can be flown on small aircraft. The entire unit weighs approximately 360 lbs with most of the weight in the battery-power supply. The system cost is kept low by using a simple RF subsystem with an all-digital IF and commercial components for the chirp generation, analog-to-digital conversion, and digital signal processing. The system has been successfully operated from a truck and an aircraft and has exhibited a range resolution of 1.5 m and an azimuth resolution of 0.5 m. The system is described and images from the tests are shown.","PeriodicalId":190696,"journal":{"name":"IGARSS '96. 1996 International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium","volume":"75 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131915990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 7
Analysis of MAP speckle suppression algorithms MAP散斑抑制算法分析
IGARSS '96. 1996 International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium Pub Date : 1996-05-31 DOI: 10.1109/IGARSS.1996.516341
V. V. Zaitsev, V. Zaitsev
{"title":"Analysis of MAP speckle suppression algorithms","authors":"V. V. Zaitsev, V. Zaitsev","doi":"10.1109/IGARSS.1996.516341","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IGARSS.1996.516341","url":null,"abstract":"The goal of the paper is to analyze filters based on MAP approach which use for speckle suppression of SAR images. Special attention is paid to such property of MAP estimate as a bias. Effect of bias reduction when number of looks increases is shown. New equations for MAP estimate expected a bias are suggested. The NMMAP filter that is a modification of MAP filter is proposed for point and multiple targets filtering. SIR-C SAR image has been used for the testing of filters.","PeriodicalId":190696,"journal":{"name":"IGARSS '96. 1996 International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126492326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Landsat-7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus In-Flight Radiometric Calibration Landsat-7增强型专题绘图仪加上飞行辐射校准
IGARSS '96. 1996 International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium Pub Date : 1996-05-31 DOI: 10.1109/IGARSS.1996.516635
B. Markham, W. Boncyk, J. Barker, E. Kaita, D. Helder
{"title":"Landsat-7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus In-Flight Radiometric Calibration","authors":"B. Markham, W. Boncyk, J. Barker, E. Kaita, D. Helder","doi":"10.1109/IGARSS.1996.516635","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IGARSS.1996.516635","url":null,"abstract":"The Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (E,TM-k) for the Landsat-7 satellite is currently in the assembly and integration stage with the satellite due for launclh in 1998. The ETM+ is a derivative of the earlier Thematic Mappers (TM¿s) flown on Landsats 4 and 5. Chief among changes designed to improve radiometric calibration accuracy is the Full Aperture Solar Calibrator (FASC), a diffuse reflecting plate that can be deployed in front of the ETMt aperture. With knowledge of the reflectance and illumination geometry of this calibrator, an absolute radiometric calibration of the ETM+ can be performed in flight by reference to the sun. Also incorporated on the ETM+ is a Partial Aperture Solar Calibrator (PASC) which can perform more frequent, but less complete calibrations of the ETM+. These two calibration devices, along with an Internal Calibrator similar to the one on the earlier TM¿s, constitute the on-board calibration capability. Ground Look calibrations will supplement `the on -board measurements","PeriodicalId":190696,"journal":{"name":"IGARSS '96. 1996 International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127324615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 9
A revised measurement methodology for spectral optical properties of conifer needles 松柏针叶光谱光学特性的修正测量方法
IGARSS '96. 1996 International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium Pub Date : 1996-05-27 DOI: 10.1109/IGARSS.1996.516549
Elizabeth M. Middleton, S. S. Chan, M. A. Mesarch, E. Walter-Shea
{"title":"A revised measurement methodology for spectral optical properties of conifer needles","authors":"Elizabeth M. Middleton, S. S. Chan, M. A. Mesarch, E. Walter-Shea","doi":"10.1109/IGARSS.1996.516549","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IGARSS.1996.516549","url":null,"abstract":"A procedure for determination of conifer needle spectral optical properties (transmittance, T/sub /spl lambda//; reflectance, R/sub /spl lambda//; /spl lambda/=wavelength) was developed to support field measurements acquired in the Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study (BOREAS). This was a revision of a protocol, C.S. Daughtry et al. (1989), which uses an indirect and labor-intensive step (involving painting of needles) to estimate the inter-needle light transmittance gaps, or gap fraction (GF), in each sample. The present authors procedure uses a direct image capture method to calculate GF, enabling measurements on both dorsal and ventral surfaces of all samples, and is 3-4 times faster than. However, for either method T/sub /spl lambda// underestimates often result, including negative T/sub /spl lambda// in the visible (VIS) spectrum, especially when GF is large (>25%). The authors performed controlled experiments to evaluate the general effect of GF, and errors in GF estimation, on the calculated T/sub /spl lambda// and R/sub /spl lambda// spectra. T/sub /spl lambda// was found to be inversely related to GF, with larger coefficients associated with VIS than near-infrared (NIR) /spl lambda/. Consequently, GF overestimates also yielded T/sub /spl lambda// underestimates. Using these results, they developed a correction algorithm for their BOREAS measurements. \"Corrected\" estimates of the fraction of absorbed photosynthetically active radiation (APAR) were /spl sim/80-84% for jack pine and 75-78% for black spruce. Correction reduced the Simple Ratio (SR=VIS/NIR) by 40-60% in most cases. SR calculated from corrected T/sub /spl lambda// spectra were significantly higher than those determined from R/sub /spl lambda// spectra.","PeriodicalId":190696,"journal":{"name":"IGARSS '96. 1996 International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium","volume":"190 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115426032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 26
The impacts of environmental conditions on microwave radiometry of vegetation: a physical approach 环境条件对植被微波辐射测量的影响:一种物理方法
IGARSS '96. 1996 International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium Pub Date : 1996-05-27 DOI: 10.1109/IGARSS.1996.516413
M. Karam
{"title":"The impacts of environmental conditions on microwave radiometry of vegetation: a physical approach","authors":"M. Karam","doi":"10.1109/IGARSS.1996.516413","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IGARSS.1996.516413","url":null,"abstract":"The physical microwave vegetation radiometry model developed at Aerojet is employed to investigate the impacts of environmental conditions on microwave radiometry of vegetation/forest. The model is based on solution of the radiative transfer equations and it operates over a wide frequency band in the microwave and millimeter wave regions for both coniferous and deciduous forest as well as grass and agriculture crops. Numerical simulations based on the model showed that the horizontally polarized temperature is more sensitive to the seasonal variations than the vertically polarized temperature.","PeriodicalId":190696,"journal":{"name":"IGARSS '96. 1996 International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium","volume":"175 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115437935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Combined use of radar and satellite information for precipitation estimation in Hungary 结合使用雷达和卫星资料估算匈牙利的降水
IGARSS '96. 1996 International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium Pub Date : 1996-05-27 DOI: 10.1109/IGARSS.1996.516585
I. Csiszar, J. Kerényi
{"title":"Combined use of radar and satellite information for precipitation estimation in Hungary","authors":"I. Csiszar, J. Kerényi","doi":"10.1109/IGARSS.1996.516585","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IGARSS.1996.516585","url":null,"abstract":"Radar and satellite measurements can be used for the detailed description of the properties of precipitating clouds. Radars primarily detect the existing raindrops. From the satellite radiances, however, one can derive such additional physical characteristics of the cloudiness that can provide information on the further development of the precipitation systems. In this study the authors used digitized data from a 3 and 10 cm MRL-5 radar and satellite data from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) on board the polar orbiting NOAA satellites. From the AVHRR radiances they derived cloud-top temperature, optical thickness and effective cloud droplet size. They also determined a cloud-class flag using thresholding and clustering classification techniques. The radar and satellite images were transformed into the same geographic projection format and displayed simultaneously for qualitative evaluation. In addition, an empirical relationship was established between coincident ground precipitation measurements, radar data and satellite cloud parameters using data from a two-year period over Hungary.","PeriodicalId":190696,"journal":{"name":"IGARSS '96. 1996 International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium","volume":"65 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115623120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Examination of multitemporal ERS-1 radar over the Rainwater Basin 雨水流域多时相ERS-1雷达的检验
IGARSS '96. 1996 International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium Pub Date : 1996-05-27 DOI: 10.1109/IGARSS.1996.516299
C. Keithley, M. Roberts
{"title":"Examination of multitemporal ERS-1 radar over the Rainwater Basin","authors":"C. Keithley, M. Roberts","doi":"10.1109/IGARSS.1996.516299","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IGARSS.1996.516299","url":null,"abstract":"This study examined the use of multi-date radar to identify crops and other types of vegetation within the Rainwater Basin in south-central Nebraska. The Rainwater Basin is comprised of a dense cluster of wetlands that have been greatly modified by agricultural production. Initial research indicates that the multi-date approach is effective in distinguishing between agricultural and wetland vegetation. Temporal curves constructed from 150 field observations show a pronounced seasonal variation in backscatter associated with crop phenology. Differences in backscatter among crop types was most pronounced in early and midsummer images.","PeriodicalId":190696,"journal":{"name":"IGARSS '96. 1996 International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123116664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Preserving exponentials in synthetic aperture radar data 保留合成孔径雷达数据中的指数
IGARSS '96. 1996 International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium Pub Date : 1996-05-27 DOI: 10.1109/IGARSS.1996.516242
M. Pepin, J.J. Sacchini
{"title":"Preserving exponentials in synthetic aperture radar data","authors":"M. Pepin, J.J. Sacchini","doi":"10.1109/IGARSS.1996.516242","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IGARSS.1996.516242","url":null,"abstract":"Examines the conditions necessary to preserve damped exponentials in synthetic aperture radar (SAR) phase histories. A small number of 2D damped exponentials can model SAR data when the radar return is due to a few point scatterers. Error in parametric estimation of the exponential parameters results from the method of data collection, spotlight SAR or radar chamber measurement. This error is quantified and compared to the estimation bound (Cramer-Rao). Methods to reduce this error and preserve true point scatterer locations are successfully applied. Also, a fast method of focusing SAR data to the point scatterer locations is developed.","PeriodicalId":190696,"journal":{"name":"IGARSS '96. 1996 International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium","volume":"342 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116684652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Satellite remote sensing and geographic information system for monitoring morphodynamics of the active Yellow River Delta, China 黄河三角洲活动区形态动态监测卫星遥感与地理信息系统
IGARSS '96. 1996 International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium Pub Date : 1996-05-27 DOI: 10.1109/IGARSS.1996.516948
Xiaojun Yang, M. Damen, R. van Zuidam, A. van Gelder, J.H. van den Berg, G. Cheng
{"title":"Satellite remote sensing and geographic information system for monitoring morphodynamics of the active Yellow River Delta, China","authors":"Xiaojun Yang, M. Damen, R. van Zuidam, A. van Gelder, J.H. van den Berg, G. Cheng","doi":"10.1109/IGARSS.1996.516948","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IGARSS.1996.516948","url":null,"abstract":"An integrated approach of satellite remote sensing and geographic information systems techniques has been employed to survey and monitor the contemporary processes and the dynamics of the actual active delta lobe (Post 1976), i.e. the most rapidly changing portion of the Yellow River Delta, China. The main used sources for data analysis are the Landsat-MSS and -TM images (60 scenes or windows) spanning the last nineteen years. The research have been focused on the coastal and fluvial morphologic changes. This research demonstrates that satellite remote sensing in combination with GIS techniques is very useful for documenting the time-sequential dynamic morphologic changes and for analyzing the contemporary processes involved.","PeriodicalId":190696,"journal":{"name":"IGARSS '96. 1996 International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117144179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Dielectric constants for melting hydrometeors as derived from a numerical method 由数值方法导出的熔融水成物的介电常数
IGARSS '96. 1996 International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium Pub Date : 1996-05-27 DOI: 10.1109/IGARSS.1996.516230
R. Meneghini, L. Liao
{"title":"Dielectric constants for melting hydrometeors as derived from a numerical method","authors":"R. Meneghini, L. Liao","doi":"10.1109/IGARSS.1996.516230","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IGARSS.1996.516230","url":null,"abstract":"Using a conjugate gradient numerical method, calculations of the radar scattering coefficients for mixed phase hydrometeors were made. For the uniform ice-water mixtures considered, an effective dielectric constant was derived and compared with the predictions from the Maxwell Garnett formula. The flexibility of the numerical method with respect to the spatial distribution of the component materials offers the potential to model the scattering characteristics of complex, mixed-phase hydrometeors.","PeriodicalId":190696,"journal":{"name":"IGARSS '96. 1996 International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium","volume":"217 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117179260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
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