Journal of Business and Economic Development最新文献

{"title":"Antecedents of Organization Performance: Leveraging Assimilation Capacity in the Context of Insurance Companies in Nairobi City County, Kenya","authors":"Jeremiah Kamau Kinyua, A. Muchemi, D. Kiiru","doi":"10.11648/J.JBED.20210604.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.JBED.20210604.12","url":null,"abstract":"The insurance companies constitute a fundamental building block of the global financial system that provides opportunities for hedging against an assortment of risks and as well serve as institutional investors thus promoting sustainability and growth of national economies. Despite the significant role played by the insurance industry in supporting the national economy, there has been a notable decrease in insurance penetration trend. Similarly, the insurance industry has registered an increase in the number of complaints lodged by customers in relation to delayed settlement, erroneous deductions, and unsatisfactory offers. This study therefore sought to investigate the effect of assimilation capacity on performance of insurance companies in Nairobi City County, Kenya. The study was grounded on systems theory and dynamic capabilities theory. Explanatory research design were adopted in this study. The target population of this study comprised of 59 insurance companies operating in Nairobi City County. Cross-sectional data were collected using a semi-structured questionnaire from 216 heads of functional areas in 27 insurance companies which were selected using proportionate stratified random and simple random sampling. Face, construct and content validity of the research instrument were confirmed accordingly. A pilot study was conducted to aid in the statistical test of reliability using Cronbach alpha index of at least 0.7. Administration of the questionnaire was done using drop-and-pick later method. The study had a response rate of 81 percent. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Descriptive analysis involved the use of frequency count, percentages, sample mean, sample standard deviation and coefficient of variation. Test of assumptions of linear regression analysis was performed. Linear regression analysis was used to estimate the population parameters and facilitate testing of hypotheses at 95 percent level of confidence. Results of data analysis were presented in tabular form as well as using figures. Qualitative data were analysed using content analysis. The study found out that assimilation capacity has a positive effect on organizational performance. The human resources managers should provide policy guidelines in support of activities that promote internalization of knowledge through simulation as this has potential to strengthen the contribution of assimilation capacity in insurance companies. Management of insurance companies should promote practices that enhance optimization of informational resources.","PeriodicalId":189819,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Business and Economic Development","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129736253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Review of Sovereign Wealth Fund and Portfolio in Indonesia","authors":"Achmad Mamduh","doi":"10.11648/J.JBED.20210604.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.JBED.20210604.11","url":null,"abstract":"This article is a literature study of the Sovereign Wealth Fund as a large fund owner and an investor in various destination countries. SWF is the target of countries and companies that want fresh funds as capital inflow to finance their activities, both as direct investors and buyers of bonds and stocks. SWF has become an important investor and as a holder of various portfolios it aims to obtain optimal returns with minimal risk, including the placement strategy of Sovereign Wealth Fund as part of a hedge against the economic risks of the countries holding SWF funds. The Sovereign Wealth Fund's largest strategic asset allocation shows that it is broadly consistent with that generated by the Markowitz model. Investment performance and company performance as well as the policies of the SWF destination countries are the main factors in the placement of funds. The choice of investment is very dependent on the assets associated with the asset class, risk tolerance and the strategy mandated to achieve the stated portfolio goals. Includes proper asset weight balancing that allows for higher returns and long-term achievement of investment objectives.","PeriodicalId":189819,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Business and Economic Development","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122101037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Green Logistics adoption on the Performance of Commercial State Corporations in Kenya","authors":"V. Rop, N. Shalle, K. K. Nteere","doi":"10.11648/J.JBED.20210603.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.JBED.20210603.16","url":null,"abstract":"The adoption of green logistics in commercial state establishments is an emerging phenomenon throughout the world. The purpose of this paper was to evaluate the influence of green purchasing practices on performance of state corporations in Kenya. Ten commercial state corporations in Kenya including Kenya Literature Bureau, Kenya Airport Authority, East African Portland Cement Company, Jomo Kenyatta Foundation, Kenya Broadcasting Corporations, Kenya Ordinance Factories Bureau, Kenya Railways Corporation, Kenya Seed Company, Chemelil Sugar Company and finally Kenya Electricity Generating Company were selected for this study. The study adopted a descriptive design and used a sample of 175 respondents from ten state corporations. The respondents were selected through stratified sampling. The primary data collection method applied in this study constituted questionnaires both open-ended and closed. Results revealed that; considering corporations use of green raw materials, the suppliers use of green purchasing and the use of recycling of products or materials technologically had a positive impact on the performance of public corporations in Kenya. Results also revealed that considering commercial cooperation’s use of responsive packaging also had an influence.","PeriodicalId":189819,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Business and Economic Development","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121499942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determinants of Women’s Participation in Strategic Decision Making in 5-star Hotels in Nairobi City, Nairobi County, Kenya","authors":"Justus M Muli, H. Bula","doi":"10.11648/J.JBED.20210603.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.JBED.20210603.14","url":null,"abstract":"Hotel, Catering and Tourism industry are among the leading sectors globally. Figures from World Tourism Organization show that the global hotel industry revenue is increasing every year. The research was conducted to explore the determinants of women’s contribution in strategic decision-making in 5-star Hotels in Nairobi City, Kenya. Precisely, the study investigated the influence of organizational factors in the hotel industry. The literature is pegged on the theories that relate to women’s involvement in strategic decision-making in hospitality and review other relevant studies. These theories are Upper Echelon Theory and Role Congruity Theory. Existing literature was reviewed and three hypotheses were tested. Descriptive survey design was used. The study targeted managers of 5-star Hotels in Nairobi City which comprised of 340 employees in managerial positions. A sample of 78 was chosen out of the population of 340 with a 95% confidence level. The research employed stratified random sampling technique to 340 respondents in 5-star Hotels. Respondents were selected using simple random sampling method. The research administered questionnaires to collect data and further analysis done. The study applied Karl Pearson’s product moment correlation analysis to determine the correlation of variables. Cronbach’s alpha was used to test for reliability, or internal consistency. Validity test was also done. Validity happens when the measures of a unit have high correlation. Data collection was done through open-ended questionnaires. Data presentation was done through tables. Study findings indicate organizational factors play key influence in this study. There was close relationship between women’s inclusion in leadership and all factors used in the study. This study enhanced the existing literature and the recommendations of the research will be useful to hospitality industry management as well as the government, hotel owners, management and hospitality training institutions. The study recommends policy makers in the hotel industry to make adjustments in the organizational structure to accommodate more women in leadership and make women-friendly corporate policies. The study recommends embracing of new strategies that aim at coming up with progressive ideas to address working hours for women in management positions, raise aspirations and confidence of women. The study recommends further research to be conducted on government’s efforts and challenges it faces to achieve gender equity in hospitality industry management.","PeriodicalId":189819,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Business and Economic Development","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124302605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Statistical Analysis on the Relationship Between Exports and Economic Growth in Sierra Leone (1990-2019)","authors":"Matthew James Turay, Isaac Tamba Issa, Ishmail Sheriff, Abdulai Koedoyoma, Ibrahim Kuyateh","doi":"10.11648/J.JBED.20210603.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.JBED.20210603.13","url":null,"abstract":"In order to boost up the economic growth of any country, Exports should be considered as key factor as it contributes immensely in which Sierra Leone as a nation is no exception. Therefore, this research paper target to investigate the effect of export on the economic growth of Sierra Leone using time series data of exports and the gross domestic products ranging from 1990- 2019 which was source from the World Bank Indicators. In order to accomplish the aim of this paper, descriptive statistics, regression, correlation, Augmented Dickey- Fuller Unit root test, Johansen cointegration test, Vector Auto regression model, diagnostic test and the Pair- wise Granger causality test were the tools used to analyze the data. Based on the results from both regression analysis, it can be seen that export has a significant positive effect on the economic growth of Sierra Leone. Augmented Dickey-Fuller unit root test results shows existence of stationarity at first difference was detected, while the cointegration test results revealed that, there is no relationship between the exports and economic growth. However, the Vector Auto regressive model test revealed that, exports have a significant effect on the economic growth as well. Granger causality test, shows that both exports influence the Gross Domestic Product of Sierra leone.","PeriodicalId":189819,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Business and Economic Development","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122804647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Market Culture and Hierarchy Culture on the Implementation of Corporate Strategy in Private Chartered Universities in Kenya","authors":"J. W. Nderitu, E. Waiganjo, G. Orwa","doi":"10.11648/J.JBED.20210603.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.JBED.20210603.12","url":null,"abstract":"Organizational culture and strategy are two important factors that contribute to the growth of an organization and its business continuation; and for this to happen, it is important to consider the organizational culture that helps the process of strategy implementation. Universities need the right kind of organizational culture which is a key element of strategy implementation process. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of organizational culture on corporate strategy implementation in Private chartered universities in Kenya. The competing values framework was adopted to identify the organizational culture types that are displayed in Private chartered universities. The study adopted a positivist view as it aimed at testing hypotheses derived from a predetermined conceptual framework. Cross-sectional survey research design was adopted and it used both quantitative and qualitative data as it seeks the effect of organizational culture on the implementation of corporate strategy. The accessible population included Registrars, Deans, Directors, Heads of Departments, academic staff, and students’ leaders. This study used both stratified random sampling and the target sample size was 198 employees. A pilot testing of 42 participants of the sample population was conducted to improve on validity and reliability. Data from questionnaires was organized, coded, analyzed and converted into quantitative summary reports for analyses using the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 21 as the tool in order to describe the relationships between dependent and independent variables. The study used correlation and regression techniques as well as the analysis of variance (ANOVA) to test the study hypotheses. Correlation analysis was used to determine the effect of organizational culture and corporate strategy implementation in Private chartered universities in Kenya by computing Pearson product moment correlation. A multiple linear regression model was also used to derive inferential statistical indicators like the correlation, coefficient of determination, F-statistics, t-test statistic and the p-value. In this research content analysis method was used to analyze qualitative data. Pearson’s correlation analysis was used to test for the existence of multicollinearity. The key finding based on the tests conducted in the study was that the explanatory variables; Market culture and Hierarchy culture had effect on the response variable (Implementation of corporate strategy in Private chartered universities in Kenya).","PeriodicalId":189819,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Business and Economic Development","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121839834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Management Skills and Performance of State-Owned Enterprises in Cameroon","authors":"Fonkam Mongwa Nkam","doi":"10.11648/j.jbed.20210602.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jbed.20210602.17","url":null,"abstract":"Like in most Sub-Sahara Africa, State-Owned Enterprises (SOEs) in Cameroon have a complex, overlapping and unclear management model that impacts its performance. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of managerial skills on the performance of SOEs in Cameroon. Survey research design was used to collect data from top and middle level managers. The sample was drawn form 10 of the 14 SOEs that are wholly or partially owned by the state. By using purposive sampling, likert scale data was collected using questionnaires. The explanatory variables were managerial skills (conceptual, technical, interpersonal, budgeting and planning, cost control and ability to secure capital) and the outcome variable was performance. Managers were asked to rate their abilities in possessing some skills. Their opinions were also asked about the performance of the enterprises they manage. By analyzing the data using Ordinal logistic regression it was found that conceptual, technical, interpersonal, budgeting and planning skills had significant and positive effect on performance while cost control and skills to secure capital had insignificant and positive effects on performance. To improve performance, the study recommended that the government should organize skill-based training seminars for the three management levels (supervisors, middle and top managers).","PeriodicalId":189819,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Business and Economic Development","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129810449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploratory Learning as a Driver of Performance: Integrating the Effects of Knowledge Stock and Resource Flexibility in the Context of Commercial Banks in Kenya","authors":"P. Njoroge","doi":"10.11648/j.jbed.20210602.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jbed.20210602.16","url":null,"abstract":"Exploratory learning is critical in building organizational capability for performance that guarantees future viability and sustainability of the business. Research delving into the nexus between exploratory learning and performance is limited in the context of developing economies. The purpose of this paper was to examine the relationship between exploratory learning and performance and establish the conceptual nature of this relationship by determining the effect of knowledge stock and resource flexibility on this linkage and determine the effect of exploratory learning variables on performance dimensions in the context of commercial banks in Kenya. The study adopted descriptive research design in which a sample of 140 participants from commercial banks in Kenya was selected using stratified random sampling method. Data was collected using a questionnaire administered to management level staff. Multiple regression analysis and correlation analysis were used for hypotheses testing. The results established that knowledge stock which was indicated by tacit knowledge, routines and procedures, and competencies and skills has significant influence on exploratory learning. It provides the capabilities for searching for knowledge of new markets, new technology and new product development. Exploratory learning has a statistically significant positive correlation with performance and has high influence on process efficiency, product quality and customer satisfaction. Resource flexibility was found to have moderating effect on the relationship between exploratory learning and performance. It was found that organizations gain value through bundling and leveraging resource portfolios in the management of scarce resources to the extent that priority is given to high yielding opportunities, cost effective projects and efforts that respond to market, product and customer changes. The study suggests that to enhance firms’ performance, firms should enhance their knowledge capacity, invest in exploratory learning activities and leverage resources for search and operationalization of new markets, new product development and implementation of new technology.","PeriodicalId":189819,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Business and Economic Development","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132123882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fiscal Decentralization and Economic Growth in Nigeria: New Evidences","authors":"J. Atan, G. E. Esu","doi":"10.11648/j.jbed.20210602.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jbed.20210602.14","url":null,"abstract":"The debate regarding the role of fiscal decentralization in promoting economic growth and by extension, improving the wellbeing of the people, has been at the front burner in macroeconomic policy discuss. Studies have attempted to establish the direct interaction for most countries and regions, but not many conclusions have converged, hence necessitating this study. This study, therefore, re-examined the effect of decentralization on economic growth in Nigeria. Using fiscal decentralization data, (which included expenditures for national, subnational and local government) and other control variables, sourced from mainly secondary sources (World Development Indicators [WDI] and Central Bank of Nigeria’s [CBN] Statistical Bulletin various years) and employing basic OLS technique and Error Correction Mechanism (ECM), the results showed, amongst other issues, that fiscal decentralisation may not directly impact on economic growth, but the effects can be transmitted through efficient economic management process, which may be a product of effectively-managed fiscal decentralization processes. The study, therefore, recommended, amongst other things, that efficient systems should be promoted in the decentralization process to enhance economic growth. Viable human capital/infrastructure base should be built to drive as well as enhance productive fiscal decentralization, through strategic policies finetuning, and finally, check inflation and corruption, amongst other ills, if growth must be actualized and sustained.","PeriodicalId":189819,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Business and Economic Development","volume":"37 3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128777462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"International Trading Wars and Governance: The Effect of COVID-19","authors":"Fassory Sangaré","doi":"10.11648/j.jbed.20210602.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jbed.20210602.13","url":null,"abstract":"Left from China in December 2019, the COVID-19 became a pandemic causing many casualties on all continents in addition to its devastating effects on the running of the world economy. The palpable impacts of the economic crisis that erupted in the early hours of 2020 have been exceptional since the Second World War. In this straight line, we can enumerate the fall in world production, the recession of the French economy following a slowdown over one semester, the rise in unemployment in the United States (14.7%) in May 2020, a number of countries affected by the crisis and the debt service moratorium called for by African countries. This situation has necessitated the release of huge sums of money by central bankers and governments to support economic sectors. This COVID risks complicating global governance, which is already undermined by the recurrence of trade wars between Nation-States. The objective of this paper was therefore to reflect on the consequences of this crisis on world trade in particular, the trade tensions, repressions and retaliation that the pandemic will provoke. The study reviewed the theories of economic protectionism, the arguments of geopolitics and the analysis of World Trade Organization data. This descriptive approach reveals the causes of trade wars and hightlights the protagonists and the resulting negative consequences on the volume of trade in terms of supply reduction and price increases due to protectionist trends. Overall, it appears in this work that the advent of the COVID accelerates the global decline in addition to its health victims all over the world. Basically, an improvement in global governance is recommended to mitigate the devasting effects of the COVID-19 pandemic.","PeriodicalId":189819,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Business and Economic Development","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124512535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}