Ocean-Land-Atmosphere Research最新文献

{"title":"Quantifying uncertainties in CERES/MODIS Downwelling radiation fluxes in the global tropical oceans","authors":"Venugopal Thandlam, A. Rutgersson, H. Rahaman, Mounika Yabaku, Venkatramana Kaagita, Venkatramana Reddy Sakirevupalli","doi":"10.34133/olar.0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34133/olar.0003","url":null,"abstract":"The Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System program, which uses the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (CM), has been updated with the launch of new satellites and the availability of newly upgraded radiation data. The spatial and temporal variability of daily averaged synoptic 1-degree CM version 3 (CMv3) (old) and version 4 (CMv4) (new) downwelling shortwave (Q S ) and longwave radiation (Q L ) data in the global tropical oceans spanning 30°S–30°N from 2000 to 2017 is investigated. Daily in situ data from the Global Tropical Moored Buoy Array were used to validate the CM data from 2000 to 2015. When compared to CMv3, both Q S and Q L in CMv4 show significant improvements in bias, root-mean-square error, and standard deviations. Furthermore, a long-term trend analysis shows that Q S has been increasing by 1 W m − 2 per year in the Southern Hemisphere. In contrast, the Northern Hemisphere has a − 0.7 W m − 2 annual decreasing trend. Q S and Q L exhibit similar spatial trend patterns. However, in the Indian Ocean, Indo-Pacific warm pool region, and Southern Hemisphere, Q L spatial patterns in CMv3 and CMv4 differ with an opposite trend (0.5 W m − 2 ). These annual trends in Q S and Q L could cause the sea surface temperature to change by − 0.2 to 0.3 °C per year in the tropical oceans. These results stress the importance of accurate radiative flux data, and CMv4 can be an alternative to reanalysis or other model-simulated data.","PeriodicalId":189813,"journal":{"name":"Ocean-Land-Atmosphere Research","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129730693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advantages and Disadvantages of Rotating Spatial Closures for Managing Fisheries","authors":"Renfei Chen, A. Hastings","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-424171/v1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-424171/v1","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Marine reserves are becoming an increasingly important tool in fisheries management. Particularly for species with relatively sedentary adults, the basic approach taken is to permanently close areas to fishing which allows species to recover inside the reserve and export larvae outside the reserve which eventually can be harvested. Two key issues are insuring the movement of larvae outside the reserve to support fisheries and the sociological and economic impact of permanent closures. An alternative approach that deals with these issues is rotating spatial closures which have been implemented for some fisheries. What has been missing is a general analysis of the relative impact of permanent closures versus rotating closures on fisheries yield that could be used to provide general principles to guide management. Using a simplified model with clear assumptions, we show that the approach that provides a higher yield depends on both dispersal and the fraction of the coastline in marine reserves. With high larval retention and small rotational fraction rotating closures are superior and the optimal rate of rotation cannot be too slow or too fast. These results provide quantitative guidelines in cases where decisions must be made in the face of limited data as well as providing a framework for more detailed analyses in cases where more data is available.","PeriodicalId":189813,"journal":{"name":"Ocean-Land-Atmosphere Research","volume":"118 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116375544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microbially driven sulfur cycling in the river–wetland–ocean continuum","authors":"Xiaoli Yu, Ruiwen Hu, Mei Tao, Lu Qian, Faming Wang, Shanquan Wang, Mingyang Niu, Qingyun Yan, Zhili He","doi":"10.34133/olar.0027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34133/olar.0027","url":null,"abstract":"Sulfur (S) is an essential biological element, and S cycling is mainly driven by metabolically versatile microorganisms. The river–wetland–ocean (RWO) continuum here is defined as the dynamically connected region with estuary, wetland, and near-marine ecosystems, and it is considered a hotspot of biogeochemical cycling, especially a major biotope for S cycling. Various forms and oxidation states of S compounds are considered ideal electron donors or acceptors and are widely utilized by microorganisms via inorganic or organic S-cycling processes. The S-cycling pathways are intimately linked to the carbon (C), nitrogen, phosphorus, and metal cycles, playing crucial roles in biogeochemical cycling, C sequestration, and greenhouse gas emissions through various mechanisms in the RWO continuum. This review provides a comprehensive understanding of microbially driven S cycling in the RWO continuum. We first illustrate the importance of S cycling in this continuum, including key microorganisms and functional processes (e.g., dissimilatory sulfate reduction, S oxidation, dimethylsulfoniopropionate production, and catabolism) as well as their corresponding S flux characteristics. In particular, we emphasize recent advances in the coupling mechanisms of the S cycle with other major element cycles. We further propose important perspectives for developing microbiome engineering of S-cycling microbial communities via integration of current knowledge about the multidimensional diversity, cultivation, evolution, and interaction of S-cycling microorganisms and their coupling mechanisms in the RWO continuum, providing a new window on applying microbiome-based biotechnologies to overcome global climate challenges.","PeriodicalId":189813,"journal":{"name":"Ocean-Land-Atmosphere Research","volume":"364 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134982059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Erratum to “A Review of Arctic–Subarctic Ocean Linkages: Past Changes, Mechanisms, and Future Projections”","authors":"Qiang Wang, Qi Shu, Shizhu Wang, A. Beszczynska-Moeller, S. Danilov, L. de Steur, T. Haine, M. Karcher, Craig M. Lee, P. Myers, I. Polyakov, C. Provost, Ø. Skagseth, G. Spreen, R. Woodgate","doi":"10.34133/olar.0018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34133/olar.0018","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":189813,"journal":{"name":"Ocean-Land-Atmosphere Research","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117026455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tropical Stratospheric Forcings Weaken the Response of the East Asian Winter Temperature to ENSO","authors":"Ruhua Zhang, Wen Zhou, W. Tian, Yue Zhang, Yuntao Jian, Yana Li","doi":"10.34133/olar.0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34133/olar.0001","url":null,"abstract":"The El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) plays a critical role in predicting the winter surface temperature over East Asia. Numerous studies have attempted to improve the seasonal forecasting skill in view of the combined effects of ENSO and oceanic–tropospheric factors. However, high uncertainty and notable challenges still exist in using the ENSO to predict the surface temperature. Here, we showed that tropical stratospheric forcings (Quasi-Biennial Oscillation, QBO) could disrupt the response of the surface temperature to ENSO. The response of the East Asian surface temperature to El Niño/La Niña events evidently weakened in winter during the westerly/easterly phase of the QBO. This disruption has shown an increasing trend in recent decades, limiting the usefulness of ENSO alone as a seasonal predictor of the surface temperature. The modulation of the QBO on the East Asian surface temperature is achieved mainly by affecting subtropical zonal winds and North Pacific wave activity. Our analyses suggest that the QBO is a nonnegligible predictor in improving seasonal forecasts of the East Asian surface temperature, even comparable to the ENSO.","PeriodicalId":189813,"journal":{"name":"Ocean-Land-Atmosphere Research","volume":"69 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130018128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Increase in Tropospheric Water Vapor Amplifies Global Warming and Climate Change","authors":"V. K. Patel, J. Kuttippurath","doi":"10.34133/olar.0015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34133/olar.0015","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Among the greenhouse gases (GHGs), atmospheric water vapor is the most abundant, has a large influence on the radiation budget of Earth, and plays a decisive role in regional weather processes. We investigate the long-term (1980–2020) changes in global tropospheric water vapor using satellite, radiosonde, and reanalysis data and assess the impact of changes in water vapor on regional and global climate with respect to its radiative feedback. The annual climatology of global tropospheric water vapor varies from 5 to 60 kg/m\u0000 2\u0000 across different regions. Except in the tropics, there is a strong seasonal cycle in both the southern and northern hemispheres, with the highest values in summer (25 to 65 kg/m\u0000 2\u0000 ) and smallest values in winter (5 to 20 kg/m\u0000 2\u0000 ). Most regions show positive trends in the annual mean tropospheric water vapor, at about 0.025 to 0.1 kg/m\u0000 2\u0000 /year, for the period of 1980–2020, with a notable increase in the Arctic because of the high rise in temperature there. Throughout the troposphere (except 200 hPa), the annual mean specific humidity shows significant positive trends over both land and oceans, with the highest values of approximately 0.015 g/kg/year at 1000 hPa in the tropics. The associated radiative effects on shortwaves at the surface vary from −5 to −70 W/m\u0000 2\u0000 , with the highest values at Manaus, Porto, and Hanty–Mawsijsk (tropical stations) and the smallest values of about −5 to −10 W/m\u0000 2\u0000 in the polar regions. The model projections for future high-emission scenarios show a large increase in atmospheric water vapor, approximately twice the current value in the polar latitudes by the end of the 21st century. This is a great concern for global and regional climate, as the rise in water vapor would further augment global warming and phenomena, such as the Arctic amplification. Therefore, this study cautions that there is a significant rise in tropospheric water vapor across latitudes and altitudes, which could further increase the global temperature and, thus, accelerate global climate change.\u0000","PeriodicalId":189813,"journal":{"name":"Ocean-Land-Atmosphere Research","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130369977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Visual Analytics Framework for Ocean Scalar Volume Data","authors":"Jinyu Li, Tianyi Huang, Ping Hu, W. Cui, Sheng-Hsien Cheng","doi":"10.34133/olar.0014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34133/olar.0014","url":null,"abstract":"The processes and phenomena hidden in massive marine data importantly impact heat transportation, material transportation, and climate formation. Visualization can assist people in mining and understanding marine data to gain insight. Thus, oceanographers must study ocean processes and phenomena. However, one remaining challenge in the existing visualization methods is efficiently rendering marine data with large volumes and illustrating the internal structure of marine phenomena. To solve this problem, we propose a new visual analytics framework involving 4 parts for visualizing extensive marine scalar volume data. We first use a single box and double spheres separately as proxy geometries to draw a flat Earth and spherical Earth. Second, we design a new ray-casting algorithm based on graphics processing unit to reduce the volume of marine data. This algorithm accelerates volume rendering by using an adaptive texture sampling rate and step size. Third, we use a depth correction algorithm to accurately restore the ocean scale. Finally, we develop an internal roaming algorithm to observe the internal structure of marine data. In this way, users can dynamically observe the internal structure of marine phenomena. To illustrate the effectiveness of our algorithms, we use them to visualize Hybrid Coordinate Ocean Model data and Argo data.","PeriodicalId":189813,"journal":{"name":"Ocean-Land-Atmosphere Research","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124488886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Eelgrass and macroalgae loss in an Oregon estuary: consequences for ocean acidification and hypoxia","authors":"Caitlin L Magel, Sally D Hacker, Francis Chan, Alicia R Helms","doi":"10.34133/olar.0023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34133/olar.0023","url":null,"abstract":"Estuarine macrophytes are proposed to influence ocean acidification and hypoxia (OAH) via the uptake (release) of inorganic carbon (oxygen) during photosynthesis. The extent to which macrophytes mitigate OAH in estuaries depends on the interaction between variable environmental conditions and macrophyte production over space and time. To explore these complexities in detail, we considered the potential causes and consequences of intertidal eelgrass and macroalgae declines in a U.S. Pacific Northwest estuary. We compiled and analyzed a record of eelgrass ( Zostera marina ) and ulvoid macroalgae along with a broad suite of environmental conditions over 15 years (2004 to 2019) at 3 sites along an estuarine gradient in South Slough, Oregon. The analysis showed that declining macrophyte biomass coincided with increasing temperature (water and air), watershed disturbance, and possibly turbidity. Coincident with macrophyte loss, diel dissolved oxygen (DO) and pH variability were reduced, indicating an influence of macrophytes on water quality at an ecosystem scale. Eelgrass loss was correlated with declining gross production and respiration, which altered the diel dynamics of pH, DO, and partial pressure of carbon dioxide at some sites. Under certain conditions, there was an association between eelgrass biomass and changes in DO and pH of more than 2 mg/l and 0.3 units, respectively. We found that daytime amelioration of low DO and pH was possible at certain locations when macrophyte biomass (especially eelgrass) was high. However, our analyses suggested that the efficacy of macrophyte mitigation of OAH depends on macrophyte abundance and the volume and residence time of overlying water.","PeriodicalId":189813,"journal":{"name":"Ocean-Land-Atmosphere Research","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135549434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-frequency Observation of Oceanic Internal Waves from Geostationary Orbit Satellites","authors":"Longyu Huang, Jingsong Yang, Zetai Ma, Bingqing Liu, Lin Ren, Antony K Liu, Peng Chen","doi":"10.34133/olar.0024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34133/olar.0024","url":null,"abstract":"The Geostationary Orbiting Satellite (GOS) offers extensive opportunities for the study of oceanic internal waves (IWs) through high-frequency observations. In this study, the spatial and temporal distributions of sunglint from 3 GOSs (Himawari-8, FY-4A, and GK-2A) were calculated, and the observation times of IWs in various seas were also recorded. The GOS can continuously observe IWs at a frequency of 10 min for 2 to 3 h. As demonstrated by the application to IWs in the Andaman Sea, the GOS effectively captures the surface features of IWs, including soliton number, the length and wavelength of the leading wave, and the speed and direction of propagation. Furthermore, the GOS can be used to track the dynamic processes of IWs within a short duration and provide more accurate “instantaneous” phase speeds. In the case of the Indonesian Seas, the average error of the GOS-derived phase speeds is 0.13 m/s compared to the Korteweg–de Vries phase speeds. Additionally, a 7-day observation from FY-4A suggests the possibility of diurnal IWs in the Sulu Sea. The advent of high-temporal-resolution GOS provides an enriched dataset for oceanic IW studies, which will contribute greatly to a more comprehensive understanding of IW mechanisms.","PeriodicalId":189813,"journal":{"name":"Ocean-Land-Atmosphere Research","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135845952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent Developments in Artificial Intelligence in Oceanography","authors":"C. Dong, Guangjun Xu, Guoqing Han, Brandon J. Bethel, Wenhong Xie, Shuyi Zhou","doi":"10.34133/2022/9870950","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34133/2022/9870950","url":null,"abstract":"With the availability of petabytes of oceanographic observations and numerical model simulations, artificial intelligence (AI) tools are being increasingly leveraged in a variety of applications. In this paper, these applications are reviewed from the perspectives of identifying, forecasting, and parameterizing ocean phenomena. Specifically, the usage of AI algorithms for the identification of mesoscale eddies, internal waves, oil spills, sea ice, and marine algae are discussed in this paper. Additionally, AI-based forecasting of surface waves, the El Niño Southern Oscillation, and storm surges is discussed. This is followed by a discussion on the usage of these schemes to parameterize oceanic turbulence and atmospheric moist physics. Moreover, physics-informed deep learning and neural networks are discussed within an oceanographic context, and further applications with ocean digital twins and physics-constrained AI algorithms are described. This review is meant to introduce beginners and experts in the marine sciences to AI methodologies and stimulate future research toward the usage of causality-adherent physics-informed neural networks and Fourier neural networks in oceanography.","PeriodicalId":189813,"journal":{"name":"Ocean-Land-Atmosphere Research","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115897954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}