MUSCULOSKELETAL SURGERY最新文献

{"title":"Evaluation of painful total knee arthroplasty: an approach based on common etiologies for total knee arthroplasty revision.","authors":"P Pondugula, J W Krumme, R Seedat, N K Patel, G J Golladay","doi":"10.1007/s12306-023-00800-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12306-023-00800-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A differential diagnosis with emphasis on the common indications for revision should be utilized in the workup of painful total knee arthroplasty (TKA). The physician should identify the exact etiology of the patient's pain to maximize outcomes from treatment. Evaluation for infection should be completed using the Musculoskeletal Infection Society (MSIS) criteria. When common causes of revision TKA do not appear to be the cause of the pain, less likely causes should be not be ignored. Further advancements such as pressure sensing devices may be able to improve patient satisfaction and decrease the incidence of pain following TKA.</p>","PeriodicalId":18875,"journal":{"name":"MUSCULOSKELETAL SURGERY","volume":" ","pages":"11-20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138176801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An update on rehabilitative treatment of shoulder disease after breast cancer care.","authors":"P E Ferrara, D M Gatto, S Codazza, P Zordan, G Stefinlongo, M Ariani, D Coraci, G Ronconi","doi":"10.1007/s12306-023-00806-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12306-023-00806-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>According to the latest statistics of the American Cancer Society 2022, breast cancer is a leading cause of morbidity and death among women worldwide. As a result of oncological procedures, breast cancer survivors often complain of pain and disability to the ipsilateral arm and shoulder. Objective: we aimed to analyze the latest literature regarding the efficacy of different rehabilitation treatments in patients affected by shoulder impairment secondary to breast cancer care. A comprehensive literature search was conducted on PubMed, PEDRO and Scopus databases. All English studies, published in the last decade up to March 2023, reporting shoulder problems in adult women treated for breast cancer with partial or total mastectomy ± breast reconstruction, lymphadenectomy, radio-, chemo-, hormonal or biologic therapy were assessed for eligibility. The methodological quality of the included trials was evaluated using the Cochrane bias tool. Of 159 articles identified, 26 were included in qualitative synthesis. Data from 1974 participants with a wide heterogeneity of breast cancer treatments were analyzed in this review. The methodological quality for most included studies was moderate. Several physiotherapy and interventional protocols showed some evidence of efficacy in shoulder range of motion (ROM), upper limb function, strength, pain and quality of life recovery after breast cancer treatment. Both physiotherapy alone or in combination with other techniques significantly improves shoulder disability, pain, and quality of life of patients undergoing breast cancer treatment regardless of their baseline characteristics or the time passed from surgery. The optimal treatment protocol and dosage remain unclear, and more homogeneous studies are needed in order to perform a meta-analysis of the literature.</p>","PeriodicalId":18875,"journal":{"name":"MUSCULOSKELETAL SURGERY","volume":" ","pages":"31-45"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10881637/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138461097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Faster improvement in outcome scores in posterior stabilised total knee arthroplasty compared to medial congruent system with posterior cruciate ligament retained.","authors":"W C Lee, C M B Foong, K M S Khoo, Y H Kwan, R Kunnasegaran","doi":"10.1007/s12306-023-00797-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12306-023-00797-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Most studies comparing medial pivot to the posterior stabilised (PS) systems sacrifice the PCL. It is unknown whether retaining the PCL in the Medial Congruent (MC) system may provide further benefit compared to the more commonly used PS system. A retrospective review of a single-surgeon's registry data comparing 44 PS and 26 MC with PCL retained (MC-PCLR) TKAs was performed. Both groups had similar baseline demographics. The PS and MC-PCLR groups had similar pre-operative range of motion (ROM) (PS:104º ± 20º vs. MC-PCLR: 101º ± 19º, p = 0.70), Oxford Knee Score (OKS) (PS: 27 ± 6 vs. MC-PCLR: 26 ± 7, p = 0.62), and Knee Society Scoring System (KS) Function Score (KS-FS) (PS: 52 ± 24 vs. MC-PCLR: 56 ± 23, p = 0.49). The pre-operative KS Knee Score (KS-KS) was significantly lower in the PS group (PS: 44 ± 14 vs. MC-PLR: 53 ± 18, p < 0.05). At 12-months post-operation, there was significant improvement in all parameters (p < 0.01). Both groups had similar ROM (PS: 115º ± 13º vs. MC-PCLR: 114º ± 10º, p = 0.98), OKS (PS: 41 ± 5 vs. MC-PCLR: 40 ± 4, p = 0.50), KS-FS (PS: 74 ± 22 vs. MC-PCLR: 77 ± 16, p = 0.78), and KS-KS (PS: 89 ± 10 vs. MC-PCLR: 89 ± 10, p = 0.89). The PS group had significant improvement in all parameters from preoperation to 3-month postoperation (p < 0.05), but not from 3-month to 1-year postoperation (p ≥ 0.05). The MC-PCLR group continued to have significant improvement from 3-month to 1-year postoperation (p < 0.05). Preserving the PCL when using MC may paradoxically cause an undesired additional restrain that slows the recovery process of the patients after TKA. Compared to MC-PCLR, a PS TKA may expect significantly faster improvement at 3 months post operation, although they will achieve similar outcomes at 1-year post operation.</p>","PeriodicalId":18875,"journal":{"name":"MUSCULOSKELETAL SURGERY","volume":" ","pages":"87-92"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10113268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to: Mid‑term clinical and radiographic outcome of metal-on-metal hip resurfacing through an anterolateral approach.","authors":"D Regis, G Lugani, A Valentini, A Sandri, C Ambrosini, F Bagnis, A Dorigotti, S Negri, B Magnan","doi":"10.1007/s12306-023-00794-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12306-023-00794-x","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18875,"journal":{"name":"MUSCULOSKELETAL SURGERY","volume":" ","pages":"123"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9918150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Can we predict 1-year functional outcomes and mortality following hip fracture in middle-aged and geriatric patients at time of admission?","authors":"G W Esper, A T Meltzer-Bruhn, A Ganta, K A Egol, S R Konda","doi":"10.1007/s12306-023-00804-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12306-023-00804-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study's purpose is to determine if patients treated for hip fracture at highest risk for poor functional outcomes, shorter time to death, and death within 1-year can be predicted at the time of admission. We hypothesized that the Score for Trauma Triage in the Geriatric and Middle-Aged (STTGMA) tool can be used to predict risk of these variables. Between February 2019-July 2020, 544 patients ≥ 55-years-old were treated for hip fracture [AO/OTA 31A/B, 32A/C]. Each patient's demographics, functional status, and injury details were used to calculate their respective risk (STTGMA) score at time of admission. Patients were divided into risk quartiles by STTGMA score. Patients were contacted by phone to complete EuroQol-5 Dimension (EQ5D-3L) questionnaires on functional status. Comparative analyses were conducted on outcomes and EQ5D-3L questionnaire results. 439 patients (80.7%) had at least 1-year follow-up. 82 patients (18.7%) died within 1-year after hospitalization. Mean STTGMA score was 1.67% ± 4.49%. The highest-risk cohort experienced a 42x (p < 0.01) and 2.5x (p = 0.01) increased rate of 1-year mortality compared to the minimal- and low-risk groups respectively. The highest-risk cohort had the shortest time to death (p = 0.015). The highest-risk cohort had the lowest EQ5D index (p < 0.01) and VAS scores (p < 0.01) along with the highest rate of 30 day readmission (p < 0.01) and the longest length of stay (p < 0.01). The STTGMA tool provides important prognostic information for middle-aged and geriatric hip fracture patients that can help modulate care levels. This information is useful when counseling patients, their families, and caregivers on expected outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":18875,"journal":{"name":"MUSCULOSKELETAL SURGERY","volume":" ","pages":"99-106"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139466578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adipose-derived stem cells applied to ankle pathologies: a systematic review.","authors":"A Arceri, A Mazzotti, E Artioli, S O Zielli, F Barile, M Manzetti, G Viroli, A Ruffilli, C Faldini","doi":"10.1007/s12306-023-00798-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12306-023-00798-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The purpose of this systematic review was to analyze the current use of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs) and present the available evidence on their therapeutic potential in the treatment of ankle orthopedic issues, evaluating the applications and results. A literature search of PubMed, Google Scholar, EMBASE and Cochrane Library database was performed. The review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines. Risk of bias assessment was conducted through the Methodological Index for Non-Randomized Studies (MINORS) criteria. Initial search results yielded 4348 articles. A total of 8 articles were included in the review process. No clinical evidence has demonstrated the effectiveness of one isolation method over the other, but nonenzymatic mechanical method has more advantages. In all studies included significant clinical outcomes improvement were recorded in patients affected by osteochondral lesion and osteoarthritis of ankle. All studies performed a concomitant procedure. No serious complications were reported. ADMSC injection, especially through the nonenzymatic mechanical methods, looks to be simple and promising treatment for osteochondral lesions and osteoarthritis of the ankle, with no severe complications. The current scarcity of studies and their low-quality level preclude definitive conclusions presently. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: III.</p>","PeriodicalId":18875,"journal":{"name":"MUSCULOSKELETAL SURGERY","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10881601/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71522152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Freehand power-assisted pedicle screw placement in scoliotic patients: results on 5522 consecutive pedicle screws.","authors":"C Faldini, F Barile, G Viroli, M Manzetti, M Ialuna, M Traversari, A Paolucci, A Rinaldi, G D'Antonio, A Ruffilli","doi":"10.1007/s12306-022-00754-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12306-022-00754-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pedicle screws is the current gold standard in spine surgery, achieving a solid tricolumnar fixation which is unreachable by wires and hooks. The freehand technique is the most widely adopted for pedicle screws placing. While freehand technique has been classically performed with manual tools, there has been a recent trend toward the use of power tools. However, placing a pedicle screw remains a technically demanding procedure with significant risk of complications. The aim of this article is to retrospectively evaluate safety and accuracy of free-hand power-assisted pedicle screw placement in a cohort of patients who underwent correction and fusion surgery for scoliosis (both idiopathic and non-idiopathic) in our department. A retrospective review of all patients with scoliosis who underwent surgery and received a postoperative CT scan in our department in a 9-year period was undertaken. Screw density, number and location of pedicle screws were measured using pre and postoperative full-length standing and lateral supine side-bending radiographs. Then, postoperative CT scan was used to assess the accuracy of screw placement according to Gertzbein-Robbins scale. Malpositioned screws were divided according to their displacement direction. Finally, intra and postoperative neurological complications and the need for revision of misplaced screws were recorded. A total of 205 patients were included, with a follow-up of 64.9 ± 38.67 months. All constructs were high density (average density 1.97 ± 0.04), and the average number of fusion levels was 13.72 ± 1.97. A total of 5522 screws were placed: 5308 (96.12%) were grade A, 141 (2.5%) grade B, 73 (1.32%) grade C. Neither grade D nor grade E trajectories were found. The absolute accuracy (grade A) rate was 96.12% (5308/5522) and the effective accuracy (within the safe zone, grade A + B) was 98.6% (5449/5522). Of the 73 misplaced screws (grade C), 59 were lateral (80.80%), 8 anterior (10.95%) and 6 medial (8.22%); 58 were in convexity, while 15 were in concavity (the difference was not statistically significant, p = 0.33). Intraoperatively, neither neurological nor vascular complications were recorded. Postoperatively, 4 screws needed revision (0.072% of the total): Power-assisted pedicle screw placing may be a safe an accurate technique in the scoliosis surgery, both of idiopathic and non-idiopathic etiology. Further, and higher quality, research is necessary in order to better assess the results of this relatively emerging technique.</p>","PeriodicalId":18875,"journal":{"name":"MUSCULOSKELETAL SURGERY","volume":" ","pages":"63-68"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10881638/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40681225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interimplant femoral fracture: analysis of risk factors.","authors":"A Caldaria, E Gambuti, D Azzolina, L Massari, G Caruso","doi":"10.1007/s12306-023-00808-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12306-023-00808-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Interimplant fractures present a significant challenge for orthopedic surgeons. Despite a noticeable rise in these cases in recent years, our understanding of this specific fracture type remains limited. This study aims to analyze and identify the primary risk factors associated with interimplant femoral fractures. We conducted a retrospective analysis involving 20 patients with interimplant femoral fracture (case group) and 18 patients who had both proximal and distal femoral implants but did not experience interimplant fractures (control group). Our analysis focused on demographic factors (age, sex, BMI) and radiographic parameters (implant types, gap between implants, cortical thickness, femoral canal area) to identify potential risk factors. In the case group, all patients were females, whereas in the control group, 16 patients were female and 2 were males. The mean age in the case group was 88 [Formula: see text] 9 years and in the control group was 87 [Formula: see text] 12 years. None of the demographic differences reached statistical significance. The mean cortical thickness in the case group was 6 [Formula: see text] 2.25 mm, whereas in the control group, it was 9 [Formula: see text] 1.75 mm (p-value < 0.001). The median gap between the proximal and distal tips of the implants measured 194 [Formula: see text] 126 mm in the case group and 66 [Formula: see text] 78 mm in the control group (p-value < 0.001). Additionally, the mean femoral canal area was 284 [Formula: see text] 102 mm² in the case group and 227 [Formula: see text] 26 mm² in the control group (p-value < 0.010). Our data indicate that a small cortical thickness, a wide femoral canal area, and having a hip arthroplasty despite a gap between the implants exceeding 110 mm are factors that elevate the risk of interimplant femoral fracture. Notably, osteoporosis therapy emerges as a protective factor against these fractures.</p>","PeriodicalId":18875,"journal":{"name":"MUSCULOSKELETAL SURGERY","volume":" ","pages":"115-121"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139425105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of denosumab in treatment of unresectable spine and sacrum giant cell tumor of bone.","authors":"A Arefpour, M Shafieesabet, M Chehrassan, A Ahmadzadehnanva, H Ghandhari","doi":"10.1007/s12306-023-00799-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12306-023-00799-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Giant cell tumor of bone (GCTB) is a rare tumor of the bone that is locally invasive. Surgery is the primary treatment that is usually done by intralesional curettage. In pelvis and spine surgery may be associated with high rate of complications, recently, Denosumab has been proposed for the treatment of these tumors in latter anatomical regions. Denosumab may be administered alone or as an adjuvant to surgery. This study aimed to assess the treatment effects of Denosumab in patients with unresectable GCTB. This study was a case series. Patients with unresectable GCTB of vertebra and sacrum were enrolled in this study. Patients received 120 mg of monthly Denosumab and additional doses on days 8th and 15th of treatment. Images of patients before and after treatment were evaluated. Nine patients with a median age of 30 years with spine and sacrum GCTB were included in this study. The median time of treatment with denosumab was 28 months (range: 3-67). Tumor control was seen in all patients. According to Inverse Choi density/size (ICDS), criteria objective response (complete response and partial response) was seen in 8 patients, and one had stable disease. Based on CT scan images, in 4 patients (44.44%), less than 50% of the transverse diameter of the tumor became ossified, and in the other five patients (55.55%), more than 50% of the tumor's transverse diameter became ossified. The median tumor volume before treatment was 829 cm3, and after treatment was 504 cm³ which was significantly reduced (P = 0.005). No complication related to therapy was seen. Tumor response was seen in all patients, and tumor control according to ICDS criteria was evident in all cases. This finding was in line with previous studies. Clinical improvement of signs and symptoms was also seen in all patients. Generally, our study demonstrates a sustained clinical benefit and tumor response with Denosumab, as tumor response ≥ 24 weeks was evident in all cases. No side effects were seen in patients despite long-term treatment with Denosumab.</p>","PeriodicalId":18875,"journal":{"name":"MUSCULOSKELETAL SURGERY","volume":" ","pages":"93-98"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71522153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combined repair of scapholunate ligament (SL) and triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC) lesions in chronic trauma of the wrist: surgical treatment of 14 patients.","authors":"Norman Della Rosa, Fabio Vita, Davide Pederiva, Federico Pilla, Danilo Donati, Cesare Faldini, Roberto Adani","doi":"10.1007/s12306-023-00787-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12306-023-00787-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Injuries of the scapholunate ligament (SL) and of the triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC) represent the main ligament injuries of the traumatic wrist. A double injury of the SL and TFCC ligaments is quite common in the trauma setting, and clinical examination is fundamental. MRI allows to detection of a TFCC and SL ligament injury, but wrist arthroscopy is still the gold standard for diagnosis. We present the clinical results of the combined reconstruction of chronic scapholunate ligament and TFCC injury.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Fourteen patients were treated at our hospital with a combined scapholunate ligament and TFCC complex repair. All patients were surgically treated by the same senior author, after a diagnostic arthroscopy that revealed a lesion of both structures. A comparison between the pre-operative and post-operative pain and function was carried out using VAS, Disability of Arm, Shoulder and Hand score (DASH) and Patient-Related Wrist/Hand Evaluation score (PRWHE). Wrist range of motion and strength were also compared following surgery.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All patients had a mean follow-up of 54 months. A statistically significant improvement was observed both with the reduction in pain (VAS from 8.9 to 5) and with the improvement of functionality scores (DASH from 63 to 40 and PRWHE from 70 to 57) and with the increase in ROM and strength. In only one patient (7%), because of pain and instability, a supplement operation was needed (Sauve-Kapandji procedure) 3 months after the initial surgery.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The simultaneous repair of the SL and TFCC complex has shown a good success rate in both decreasing pain and regaining functionality.</p>","PeriodicalId":18875,"journal":{"name":"MUSCULOSKELETAL SURGERY","volume":" ","pages":"69-75"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9516792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}