Tony Magee, Peter Henderson, Alison Baker, Vincent Postis, Stephen Muench
{"title":"A Tribute to Stephen Allan Baldwin.","authors":"Tony Magee, Peter Henderson, Alison Baker, Vincent Postis, Stephen Muench","doi":"10.3109/09687688.2015.1031834","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3109/09687688.2015.1031834","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18858,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Membrane Biology","volume":"32 2","pages":"33-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3109/09687688.2015.1031834","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33406727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Begum G Akkaya, Joseph K Zolnerciks, Tasha K Ritchie, Bjoern Bauer, Anika M S Hartz, James A Sullivan, Kenneth J Linton
{"title":"The multidrug resistance pump ABCB1 is a substrate for the ubiquitin ligase NEDD4-1.","authors":"Begum G Akkaya, Joseph K Zolnerciks, Tasha K Ritchie, Bjoern Bauer, Anika M S Hartz, James A Sullivan, Kenneth J Linton","doi":"10.3109/09687688.2015.1023378","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3109/09687688.2015.1023378","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The ATP Binding Cassette transporter ABCB1 can export the neurotoxic peptide β-amyloid from endothelial cells that line the blood-brain barrier (BBB). This has the potential to lower cerebral levels of β-amyloid, but ABCB1 expression in the BBB appears to be progressively reduced in patients with Alzheimer’s disease. The surface density of many membrane proteins is regulated by ubiquitination catalyzed by ubiquitin E3 ligases. In brain capillaries of mice challenged with β-amyloid ex vivo, we show that the level of the ubiquitin ligase Nedd4 increases concomitant with reduction in Abcb1. In vitro we show that human ABCB1 is a substrate for human NEDD4-1 ligase. Recombinant ABCB1 was purified from Sf21 insect cells and incubated with recombinant NEDD4-1 purified from Escherichia coli. The treated ABCB1 had reduced mobility on SDS-PAGE, and mass spectrometry identified eight lysine residues, K271, K272, K575, K685, K877, K885, K887 and K1062 that were ubiquitinated by NEDD4-1. Molecular modelling showed that all of the residues are exposed on the surface of the intracellular domains of ABCB1. K877, K885 and K887 in particular, are located in the intracellular loop of transmembrane helix 10 (TMH10) in close proximity, in the tertiary fold, to a putative NEDD4-1 binding site in the intracellular helix extending from TMH12 (PxY motif, residues 996–998). Transient expression of NEDD4-1 in HEK293 Flp-In cells stably expressing ABCB1 was shown to reduce the surface density of the transporter. Together, the data identify this ubiquitin ligase as a potential target for intervention in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer’s disease.","PeriodicalId":18858,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Membrane Biology","volume":"32 2","pages":"39-45"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3109/09687688.2015.1023378","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33211081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Emerging roles of system [Formula: see text] antiporter and its inhibition in CNS disorders.","authors":"Dhaval Patel, Prashant S Kharkar, Mukesh Nandave","doi":"10.3109/09687688.2015.1096972","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3109/09687688.2015.1096972","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>System [Formula: see text] is an antiporter belonging to the hetero(di)meric amino acid transporter family. It is located on astrocytes as well as on blood-brain barrier within the CNS. It plays a pivotal role in free radical neutralization as well as neuronal signalling by regulating the glutathione production which occurs via the exchange of intracellular glutamate with extracellular cystine at 1:1 molar ratio. Understandably, it is a vital component responsible for the maintenance of neuronal homeostasis (e.g. redox state). Hence, it could be postulated that any perturbation in system [Formula: see text] function may contribute, directly or indirectly, to the pathophysiology of a variety of CNS disorders like Alzheimer's disease, schizophrenia, drug addiction, depression, multiple sclerosis, hypoglycemic neuronal cell death, glioma, and excitotoxicity, making system [Formula: see text] a promising target for treating CNS disorders. In recent times, recognizing the potential of this target, variety of inhibitors has been synthesized by modifying commercially available potent inhibitors including sulfasalazine, erastin, and sorafenib. Although, they have demonstrated efficacy, the in-depth data is still lacking to warrant their use for the treatment of aforementioned CNS disorders. In this review, we discuss the in-depth role of system [Formula: see text] transporter in maintaining normal physiology as well as in the pathophysiology of CNS diseases. Additionally, we have also listed some of the potent inhibitors of system [Formula: see text]. In conclusion, the critical role of system [Formula: see text] in multiple CNS disorders and advanced research on its inhibitors have promising future prospects for better management of the CNS ailments.</p>","PeriodicalId":18858,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Membrane Biology","volume":"32 4","pages":"89-116"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3109/09687688.2015.1096972","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34121940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mirella V Koleva, Stephen Rothery, Martin Spitaler, Mark A A Neil, Anthony I Magee
{"title":"Sonic hedgehog multimerization: a self-organizing event driven by post-translational modifications?","authors":"Mirella V Koleva, Stephen Rothery, Martin Spitaler, Mark A A Neil, Anthony I Magee","doi":"10.3109/09687688.2015.1066895","DOIUrl":"10.3109/09687688.2015.1066895","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sonic hedgehog (Shh) is a morphogen active during vertebrate development and tissue homeostasis in adulthood. Dysregulation of the Shh signalling pathway is known to incite carcinogenesis. Due to the highly lipophilic nature of this protein imparted by two post-translational modifications, Shh's method of transit through the aqueous extracellular milieu has been a long-standing conundrum, prompting the proposition of numerous hypotheses to explain the manner of its displacement from the surface of the producing cell. Detection of high molecular-weight complexes of Shh in the intercellular environment has indicated that the protein achieves this by accumulating into multimeric structures prior to release from producing cells. The mechanism of assembly of the multimers, however, has hitherto remained mysterious and contentious. Here, with the aid of high-resolution optical imaging and post-translational modification mutants of Shh, we show that the C-terminal cholesterol and the N-terminal palmitate adducts contribute to the assembly of large multimers and regulate their shape. Moreover, we show that small Shh multimers are produced in the absence of any lipid modifications. Based on an assessment of the distribution of various dimensional characteristics of individual Shh clusters, in parallel with deductions about the kinetics of release of the protein from the producing cells, we conclude that multimerization is driven by self-assembly underpinned by the law of mass action. We speculate that the lipid modifications augment the size of the multimolecular complexes through prolonging their association with the exoplasmic membrane.</p>","PeriodicalId":18858,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Membrane Biology","volume":"32 3","pages":"65-74"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33955432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Phosphatidylcholine's functions beyond that of a membrane brick.","authors":"Samuel Furse, Anton I P M de Kroon","doi":"10.3109/09687688.2015.1066894","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3109/09687688.2015.1066894","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Since its discovery in the 19th century, phosphatidylcholine (PC) has been regarded primarily as a structural lipid. However, more recent evidence, much of it in the last five years, strongly suggests that PC has other roles. Here, we explore some of that new evidence and consider the possibility that the ultimate role of phosphatidylcholine may not be predictable. </p>","PeriodicalId":18858,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Membrane Biology","volume":"32 4","pages":"117-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3109/09687688.2015.1066894","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33951562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Samuel Furse, Maarten R Egmond, J Antoinette Killian
{"title":"Isolation of lipids from biological samples.","authors":"Samuel Furse, Maarten R Egmond, J Antoinette Killian","doi":"10.3109/09687688.2015.1050468","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3109/09687688.2015.1050468","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Isolation of the lipid fraction from biological samples has been a crucial part of countless studies over the last century. This considerable research interest has led to the development of a number of methods for isolating a range of molecular species that fall under the umbrella term \"lipid\". Such methods vary in popularity, complexity, specificity and even toxicity. In this review, we explore examples of published methods (1952-2014) for isolating lipids from biological samples and attempt to assess the limits of techniques both from a chemical and biological perspective. We also suggest how a suitable method might be chosen for a novel application.</p>","PeriodicalId":18858,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Membrane Biology","volume":"32 3","pages":"55-64"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3109/09687688.2015.1050468","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34040430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dawid Krenc, Jie Song, Abdulnasser Almasalmeh, Binghua Wu, Eric Beitz
{"title":"The arginine-facing amino acid residue of the rat aquaporin 1 constriction determines solute selectivity according to its size and lipophilicity.","authors":"Dawid Krenc, Jie Song, Abdulnasser Almasalmeh, Binghua Wu, Eric Beitz","doi":"10.3109/09687688.2014.960493","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3109/09687688.2014.960493","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Aquaporins (AQP) are transmembrane channels for small, predominantly uncharged solutes. Their selectivity is partly determined by the aromatic/arginine constriction. Ammonia is similar in size and polarity to water, yet a subset of aquaporins distinguishes between the two. We mutated the constriction of water-selective rat AQP1 to mimic that of the ammonia-permeable human AQP8 by replacing Phenylalanine 56 with histidine, Histidine 180 with isoleucine, and Cysteine 189 with glycine, alone and in combination. Only AQP1 mutants including the H180I exchange increased the ammonia and methylamine tolerance of yeast. In a second set of mutations, we replaced Histidine 180 with alanine, leucine, methionine, phenylalanine, asparagine or glutamine. AQP1 H180A was equivalent to AQP1 H180I. AQP1 H180L increased ammonia but not methylamine tolerance of yeast. AQP1 mutants with methionine, phenylalanine, asparagine or glutamine in place of Histidine 180, increased neither ammonia nor methylamine tolerance of yeast. All mutants conducted water, as judged by osmotic assays with yeast sphaeroplasts. We propose that the arginine-facing amino acid residue is the most versatile selector of aquaporin constrictions, excluding Escherichia coli glycerol facilitator-type aquaporins.</p>","PeriodicalId":18858,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Membrane Biology","volume":"31 7-8","pages":"228-38"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3109/09687688.2014.960493","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32767990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Cholesterol modulates the interaction of the islet amyloid polypeptide with membranes.","authors":"Lucie Caillon, Luminita Duma, Olivier Lequin, Lucie Khemtemourian","doi":"10.3109/09687688.2014.987182","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3109/09687688.2014.987182","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The deposition of insoluble amyloid fibrils resulting from the aggregation of the human islet amyloid polypeptide (hIAPP) within the islet of Langerhans is a pathological feature of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Increasing evidence indicates that biological membranes play a key role in amyloid aggregation, modulating among others the kinetics of amyloid formation, and being the target of toxic species generated during amyloid formation. In T2DM patients, elevated levels of cholesterol, an important determinant of the physical state of biological membranes, are observed in β-cells and are thought to directly impair β-cell function and insulin secretion. However, it is not known whether cholesterol enhances membrane-interaction or membrane-insertion of hIAPP. In this study, we investigated the effect of cholesterol incorporated in zwitterionic and anionic membranes. Our circular dichroism and liquid state NMR data reveal that 10-30% of cholesterol slightly affects the aggregational and conformational behaviour of hIAPP. Additional fluorescence results indicate that 10 and 20% of cholesterol slightly slow down the kinetics of oligomer and fibril formation while anionic lipids accelerate this kinetics. This behavior might be caused by differences in membrane insertion and therefore in membrane binding of hIAPP. The membrane binding affinity was evaluated using (1)H NMR experiments and our results show that the affinity of hIAPP for membranes containing cholesterol is significantly smaller than that for membranes containing anionic lipids. Furthermore, we found that hIAPP-induced membrane damage is synchronized to fibril formation in the absence and in the presence of cholesterol.</p>","PeriodicalId":18858,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Membrane Biology","volume":"31 7-8","pages":"239-49"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3109/09687688.2014.987182","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32897079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yuka Okawa, Jing Li, Arghya Basu, Joseph R Casey, Reinhart A F Reithmeier
{"title":"Differential roles of tryptophan residues in the functional expression of human anion exchanger 1 (AE1, Band 3, SLC4A1).","authors":"Yuka Okawa, Jing Li, Arghya Basu, Joseph R Casey, Reinhart A F Reithmeier","doi":"10.3109/09687688.2014.955829","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3109/09687688.2014.955829","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Anion exchanger 1 (AE1) is a 95 kDa glycoprotein that facilitates Cl(-)=HCO(-)(3) exchange across the erythrocyte plasma membrane. This transport activity resides in the 52 kDa C-terminal membrane domain (Gly(361)-Val(911)) predicted to span the membrane 14 times. To explore the role of tryptophan (Trp) residues in AE1 function, the seven endogenous Trp residues in the membrane domain were mutated individually to alanine (Ala) and phenylalanine (Phe). Expression levels, cell surface abundance, inhibitor binding and transport activities of the mutants were measured upon expression in HEK-293 cells. The seven Trp residues divided into three classes according the impact of mutations on the functional expression of AE1: Class 1, dramatically decreased expression (Trp(492) and Trp(496)); Class 2, decreased expression by Ala substitution but not Phe (Trp(648), Trp(662) and Trp(723)); and Class 3, normal expression (Trp(831) and Trp(848)). The results indicate that Trp residues play differential roles in AE1 expression and function depending on their location in the protein and that Trp mutants with low expression are misfolded and retained in the endoplasmic reticulum.</p>","PeriodicalId":18858,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Membrane Biology","volume":"31 7-8","pages":"211-27"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3109/09687688.2014.955829","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32696871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC) export from the mitochondrial matrix.","authors":"Fanny Ng, Bor Luen Tang","doi":"10.3109/09687688.2014.987183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3109/09687688.2014.987183","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Studies on mitochondria protein import had revealed in detail molecular mechanisms of how peptides and proteins could be selectively targeted and translocated across membrane bound organelles. The opposite process of mitochondrial export, while known to occur in various aspects of cellular physiology and pathology, is less well understood. Two very recent reports have indicated that a large mitochondrial matrix protein complex, the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC) (or its component subunits), could be exported to the lysosomes and the nucleus, respectively. In the case of the latter, evidence was presented to suggest that the entire complex of 8-10 MDa could translocate in its entirety from the mitochondrial matrix to the nucleus upon mitogenic or stress stimuli. We discuss these findings in perspective to what is currently known about the processes of transport in and out of the mitochondrion.</p>","PeriodicalId":18858,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Membrane Biology","volume":"31 7-8","pages":"207-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3109/09687688.2014.987183","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32897616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}