National Journal of Maxillofacial Surgery最新文献

{"title":"Assessment of knowledge and awareness among North Indian populations about oral precancerous lesions (OPL): A cross-sectional survey study","authors":"Rini Tiwari, Navin Singh, Akhilanand Chaurasia, Akhilesh Kumar Singh","doi":"10.4103/njms.njms_150_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/njms.njms_150_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background: A precancerous lesion is a morphologically altered tissue in which oral cancer is more likely to occur than its apparently normal counterpart. They are quite common in the Indian population due to the habitual habit of chewing tobacco. The aim of this study was to evaluate the awareness of oral precancerous lesions by a questionnaire-based survey among the study subjects having been diagnosed with it. Methods: In this descriptive study, a structured questionnaire having 11 survey questions has been used to record the response from study subjects who have been diagnosed and reported for treatment for oral premalignant lesions in the Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology. A total of 1013 study subjects were assessed for awareness about OPL and its consequences. Results: 44.3% of the study population was addicted to smoking tobacco (cigarettes) while 57.9% of study subjects were addicted to non-smoking tobacco (Pan masala). The reason behind their addiction was reported to be stress (54.9%) and workload (25.3%). Most of the study subjects were diagnosed with oral sub-mucous fibrosis (53.4%). 78.6% of study subjects diagnosed with OPL were not aware of it and 94% were willing to quit the addiction. Conclusion: The awareness about OPL among patients was found to be low. Although many wanted to quit their addiction to smoking and chewing tobacco but were unable to do so. So it is a need for time to develop a national policy on tobacco use and related diseases. This policy will definitely reduce the burden of oral premalignant lesions and oral cancer in Indian population.","PeriodicalId":18827,"journal":{"name":"National Journal of Maxillofacial Surgery","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135611907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of bioresorbable plating system in the treatment of pediatric maxillary fractures: A short clinical study.","authors":"Mahinder Singh, Barjinder Singh, Jyotsna Jha, Deepak Passi, Abhimanyu Sharma, Jyoti Goyal","doi":"10.4103/njms.NJMS_342_21","DOIUrl":"10.4103/njms.NJMS_342_21","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy, stability, and clinical outcomes of a bioresorbable plating system in the treatment of pediatric maxillary fractures. Materials and Methods: Twenty pediatric patients with maxillary fractures (13 males and 7 females) were included in this study. The 1.5- and 2.0-mm resorbable plates were used and secured with monocortical resorbable screws 6 mm and 7 mm in length. All patients were followed up for 6 months. Clinical parameters, such as pain, swelling, soft-tissue infection, malocclusion, nerve injury, and bite force for stability, were prospectively assessed. Results: Fall from height (50%) was the most common cause of etiology, followed by road traffic accidents (35%). Maxillary alveolar # (40) was the most common fracture site, followed by nasal complex # (25%) and zygomatic complex # (25%). Appropriate fixation and adequate primary bone healing was achieved in 100% of the cases. Few minor complications were observed: (1) soft-tissue infection (5%) and (2) paresthesia (10%). There was a significant increase in bite force in the incisor and molar regions. Observation in clinical parameters shows that there was a significant reduction in postoperative pain and swelling at different follow-up periods. Conclusion: Bioresorbable plating system is used as a load-sharing plate in a semirigid fixation technique after anatomic fracture reduction. Although its high costs limit its feasibility for use low infection rates, minimized second surgery for implant removal attracts its use. 1.5- and 2-mm resorbable plating system along is a good treatment modality for moderately displaced maxillary fractures in pediatric patients. Larger sample size and longer follow-up studies are required for conclusive results.","PeriodicalId":18827,"journal":{"name":"National Journal of Maxillofacial Surgery","volume":"14 1","pages":"86-92"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/17/cd/NJMS-14-86.PMC10235745.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9933906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Incidence and prevalence of oral candidal colonization in patients with cleft lip and palate.","authors":"Imran Khan,&nbsp;Saiema Ahmedi,&nbsp;Tanveer Ahmad,&nbsp;M Moshaid Alam Rizvi,&nbsp;Nikhat Manzoor","doi":"10.4103/njms.njms_127_22","DOIUrl":"10.4103/njms.njms_127_22","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims and objectives: </strong>This study aims to assess and compare the incidence and rate of oral candidal colonization in patients with cleft lip and palate and collate it with healthy individuals. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the factors that may affect the incidence, rate, and polycolonity of colonization of oral <i>Candida</i> species in patients with cleft lip and palate (CLP) as compared to healthy individuals.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The current prospective study involved the collection and assessment of oral samples from 50 CLP patients and compared it with oral samples from 50 healthy individuals. Colonies of <i>Candida albicans</i> and other <i>Candida</i> species were identified by using germ tube test and differential chromogenic media. Assessment of the distribution trend of various <i>Candida</i> species and their variation based on age, gender, type of cleft, number of surgeries, and oral hygiene status were recorded.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A highly significant (<i>P</i> value < 0.001) statistical difference was seen in the oral carriage rate of <i>Candida</i> species between the two groups with values more in the study group (60.75 ± 71.43) than in controls (1.62 ± 2.22). Individually comparing the different <i>Candida</i> species, significant difference in presence of C albicans (<i>P</i> value = 0.004), C parapsilosis (<i>P</i> value = 0.015), and C dubliensis (<i>P</i> value = 0.027) was seen as compared to other species. In the context of the type of cleft and the presence of <i>Candida</i> species <i>Candida</i> albicans was the most prevalent in patients with the cleft alveolus (60.0% <i>n</i> = 15), unilateral CLP (66.7% <i>n</i> = 8), and bilateral CLP (100.0% <i>n</i> = 3) respectively. Nonsignificant variation in prevalence was seen in the various fungal species based on an individual's gender and oral hygiene and the number of surgeries status was observed.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The anatomical alteration in the oral cavity of patients with CLP contributes to the high incidence and prevalence of <i>Candida</i> species.</p>","PeriodicalId":18827,"journal":{"name":"National Journal of Maxillofacial Surgery","volume":"14 1","pages":"72-78"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/18/46/NJMS-14-72.PMC10235736.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9933908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of gingival biotype in different facial patterns: A cross-sectional study.","authors":"Vipul Kumar Sharma,&nbsp;Deepak Singh,&nbsp;Roopal Srivastava,&nbsp;T P Chaturvedi,&nbsp;Mahesh Khairnar,&nbsp;Akhilesh Kumar Singh","doi":"10.4103/njms.njms_490_21","DOIUrl":"10.4103/njms.njms_490_21","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim of the present study is to evaluate the relationship of gingival biotype in different malocclusions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 157 periodontally healthy subjects (88 males and 69 females) were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. The study participants were divided into three groups of skeletal class I, class II, and class III. The probe transparency method was used to determine the quality and gingival tissue into thick and thin biotype.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There was significant difference in gingival biotype among different skeletal malocclusion with high prevalence of thin gingival biotype in class I subjects and more prevalence of thick biotype in class II and class III individuals (P-value: 0.022). Pairwise comparison of gingival biotype in class I versus class II showed significant difference (P-value: 0.032); however in class I versus class III and class II versus class III, the test result was nonsignificant. The overall frequency of thin gingival biotype was significantly less in female subjects with respect to males (P-value: 0.025).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A significant relationship is present between skeletal malocclusion and quality of gingival biotype. The prevalence of thick gingival biotype is found more in females as compared to male individuals. The thin gingival biotype is more commonly seen in skeletal class I than class II and class III.</p>","PeriodicalId":18827,"journal":{"name":"National Journal of Maxillofacial Surgery","volume":"14 1","pages":"63-67"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/5b/13/NJMS-14-63.PMC10235739.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9950369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adenoid squamous cell carcinoma of buccal mucosa – A rare case report","authors":"Akhilesh Prathap, Nidhin Rajagopalan Sreeja, Sunil Sukumaran Nair, Sharlene S. Babu","doi":"10.4103/njms.njms_158_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/njms.njms_158_22","url":null,"abstract":"Adenoid squamous cell carcinoma is a rare variant of squamous cell carcinoma. It is mainly reported in the sun-exposed areas of the head and neck. In literature, adenoid variants of squamous cell carcinoma are reported in the lip and tongue. Documented cases of buccal mucosa are very few. In this case report, we describe an adenoid variant of squamous cell carcinoma, which is an unusual presentation of a rare carcinoma.","PeriodicalId":18827,"journal":{"name":"National Journal of Maxillofacial Surgery","volume":"79 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135611187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging in the assessment of depth of invasion in tongue carcinoma: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Kondajji Ramachandra Vijayalakshmi, Vanshika Jain","doi":"10.4103/njms.njms_174_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/njms.njms_174_22","url":null,"abstract":"Tongue carcinoma constitutes 10.4–46.9% of all oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCCs) and is notoriously known for invading tissues deeper than the evident gross margins. The deeper the tumor invades, the higher are its chances of future morbidity and mortality due to extensive neck dissection and risk of recurrence. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a noninvasive diagnostic aid used for measuring a preoperative tumor's depth of invasion (DOI) as it can efficiently outline soft tissue tumors from adjacent normal tissue. To assess various MRI modalities used in measuring DOI in tongue carcinoma and their reliability compared with other DOI measuring modalities. The protocol was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) database (CRD42022330866), and the following Preferred Reporting Items for a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) Diagnostic Test Accuracy guidelines were performed. PubMed electronic database was searched using a combination of keywords for relevant articles in the English language since 2016. Critical appraisal was carried out using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-Comparative (QUADAS-C) risk-of-bias (RoB) assessment tool. A weighted mean difference (WMD) was calculated between MRI and histopathological DOI along with pooled correlation and subgroup analysis, where possible. A total of 795 records were retrieved of which 17 were included in the final review with 13 included for meta-analysis. A high RoB was found for most studies for all parameters except flow and timing. WMD showed a statistically significant MRI overestimation of 1.90 mm compared with histopathology. Subgroup analysis showed the 1.5 Tesla machine to be superior to the 3.0 Tesla machine, while imaging sequence subgroup analysis could not be performed. MRI is a viable preoperative DOI measurement modality that can help in efficient treatment planning to decrease surgical morbidity and mortality.","PeriodicalId":18827,"journal":{"name":"National Journal of Maxillofacial Surgery","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135611465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of oral health status amongst the Sevayats of Shree Jagannath Temple, Puri, Odisha: A cross sectional study","authors":"Gunjan Kumar, Samikshya Jena, Payal Dash, Yagnaseni Mandal, Alok Kumar Sethi","doi":"10.4103/njms.njms_26_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/njms.njms_26_23","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: To assess the oral health status amongst the Sevayats of Shree Jagannath temple, Puri, Odisha. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted to evaluate the oral health status among 488 Sevayats of Shree Jagannath Temple, Puri, using a simple random sampling technique. Data were obtained by utilizing the WHO oral health assessment form for adults-2013. The documented data were assembled, entered into an MS Excel spreadsheet, and analyzed using SPSS version 26. The statistical tests applied for the analysis were one-way analysis of variance and the Chi-square test. The P value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The majority of the participants, around 30.3%, had an educational qualification of higher secondary, followed by high school, 26.2%. A total of 84.4% of participants cleaned their teeth with a toothbrush. Around 48.0% of participants were consuming paan and 11.7% were gutkha. The majority, 77.8% of the participants had periodontal pockets, and 79.09% of them had 4-5 mm of periodontal loss of attachment. The mean DMFT of all the participants was 5.23 ± 4.71. In the 25-44 and 45-60 years of age groups, 34.2% and 31.4% of the participants had tobacco pouch keratosis. About 72% of the subjects had bleeding gums. Conclusion: There was a higher prevalence of dental caries and periodontal disease among the subjects. The majority of the servitors who had a history of consuming paan were diagnosed with oral mucosal lesions.","PeriodicalId":18827,"journal":{"name":"National Journal of Maxillofacial Surgery","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135611699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of effect of single vector mandibular distraction for correction of postankylotic mandibular hypoplasia requiring multiplanar correction: A prospective case series.","authors":"Mayank Singhal,&nbsp;Manoj Goyal,&nbsp;Neeti Mittal","doi":"10.4103/njms.njms_447_21","DOIUrl":"10.4103/njms.njms_447_21","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Uniplanar devices have been criticized for being insufficient to correct complex mandibular deformities and associated problems of open bite and cross bite. The use of oblique vector to correct complex multiplanar deformities using uniplanar mandibular distraction devices is the uniqueness of the present case series.</p><p><strong>Aim and objective: </strong>The aim of the present case series is to describe the successful use of uniplanar mandibular distraction devices for the correction of complex multiplanar deformities.</p><p><strong>Material and method: </strong>The technique of callous molding was employed to overcome any open bite. A total of 40 mandibular distractors in 20 patients (mean age 13 ± 2.67 years) were placed on the mandible for correction of the facial deformity associated with the lower jaw(mandible) in vertical, horizontal and/or sagittal plane, secondary to temporomandibular joint ankylosis. The distraction was done before and after the gap arthroplasty in 15 and 5 patients, respectively. A latency period of 3-5 days was applied, and distraction was performed at a rate of 1 mm/day with the rhythm of 0.5 mm twice daily.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The significant lengthening was observed in both mandibular height (Ar Go) (50.40 ± 1.52 mm from 38.80 ± 4.38mm, P = 0.006) as well as in mandibular corpus length (Go Pg) (79.40 ± 2.28 from 58.80 ± 4.09, P = 0.001). Statistically significant changes in mandibular dimensions, facial proportions, and soft tissue profile were seen, which was assessed with the help of COGS analysis done on lateral cephalogram taken preoperatively and postoperatively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>With intelligent vector planning and callus molding multiplanar complex deformities can be corrected by using semiburieduniplanar devices.</p>","PeriodicalId":18827,"journal":{"name":"National Journal of Maxillofacial Surgery","volume":"14 1","pages":"101-108"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/f1/2d/NJMS-14-101.PMC10235742.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9577886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Platelet-rich plasma protein as a therapeutic regimen for oral lichen planus: An evidence-based systematic review.","authors":"Nisha Maddheshiya,&nbsp;Adit Srivastava,&nbsp;Varun Rastogi,&nbsp;Amlendu Shekhar,&nbsp;Neha Sah,&nbsp;Ajay Kumar","doi":"10.4103/njms.njms_504_21","DOIUrl":"10.4103/njms.njms_504_21","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Oral Lichen Planus (OLP), an autoimmune disorder of unclear pathogenesis affects quality of life of affected individual. Intervention regimens are multiple and still evolving due to its resistance to recover and ability to recur. Platelet rich Plasma (PRP) is a newer, promising treatment modality tested by researchers because of its low cost and negligible adverse effects. Articles were retrieved from search engines of PubMed / Medline, Scopus and Web of Science which fulfilled the eligibility criteria. Cochrane risk of bias tool assessed quality of clinical studies and Joanna Briggs Institute for case reports. A total of 4 articles were included for the systematic review, of which 2 are clinical trials and 2 case reports. All cases were of erosive nature. PRP in case reports were administered when patients did not respond to conventional therapy. PRP demonstrated effective therapeutic benefit in regards to outcome of pain and lesion appearance. PRP can be considered as a potential alternative therapy in treating non-responsive OLP. Further studies are recommended to arrive at a definitive conclusion.</p>","PeriodicalId":18827,"journal":{"name":"National Journal of Maxillofacial Surgery","volume":"14 1","pages":"22-26"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/dc/3b/NJMS-14-22.PMC10235744.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9631568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of calcium sulfate dihydrate as a bone graft substitute in odontogenic cystic defects of jaws following enucleation: A clinical study.","authors":"Radhika Shashank Tayshetye,&nbsp;Nitin Bhola,&nbsp;Nupoor Deshpande,&nbsp;Anchal Agrawal","doi":"10.4103/njms.NJMS_350_21","DOIUrl":"10.4103/njms.NJMS_350_21","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The treatment of osseous bone defects created following enucleation of a cyst is an arduous challenge. Autogenous bone grafts despite being the gold standard have various drawbacks such as donor site morbidity, limited availability of bone graft, and increased operative time. Hence, there are various bone grafts which are being investigated which could overcome the limitations of autografts. Thus, this study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of calcium sulfate (CS), a bone graft substitute, for spontaneous bone regeneration of cystic defects.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The purpose of this study is to evaluate bone formation in odontogenic cystic defects following enucleation and reconstruction with bone graft substitute by three-dimensional radiographic and clinical evaluation.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>A total of twenty patients diagnosed with odontogenic cysts were randomly divided into two groups, out of which the study group had undergone enucleation with bone grafting (tobramycin-impregnated CS dihydrate) and the control group had undergone enucleation without bone grafting. The patients were evaluated clinically and radiographically at the 1^st, 3^rd, 6^th, and 12^th months postoperatively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There was no bone formation observed at 1 month postoperative in both the groups. There was a statistically significant higher bone defect reduction observed radiologically on orthopantomogram and computed tomography scan in the study group than the control group at the 3^rd, 6^th, and 12^th months postoperative. The rate of reduction in cystic volume of the study group at the 12^th month was 94.4% and in the control group was 37.16%.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Immediate grafting of cystic cavity can avoid complications such as pathological fracture due to less bone support, delayed healing, etc., The utilization of a graft with a property of inducing rapid bone formation should be taken into consideration. The use of CS as a grafting material accelerated the rate of bone regeneration in the cystic defects, with minimal complications.</p>","PeriodicalId":18827,"journal":{"name":"National Journal of Maxillofacial Surgery","volume":"14 1","pages":"125-129"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/73/34/NJMS-14-125.PMC10235741.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9950371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}