European Journal of Biophysics最新文献

{"title":"Natural Basis for the Proliferation of Malaria Vectors in Northern Benin (West Africa)","authors":"A. Sominahouin, R. Azondekon, Sahabi Bio Bangana, C. Kpanou, G. G. Padonou, R. Ossè, B. Assogba, Fiacre R Agossa, F. Tokponon, M. Akogbéto","doi":"10.11648/J.EJB.20210901.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.EJB.20210901.15","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Malaria transmission is based on four essential elements: the vector, the parasite, humans and the environment. However, of the four elements, the environment is not sufficiently exploited. Methods: In the research presence carried out in 6 localities in North Benin, we used a microscopic vision of the health geographer, focusing on certain components of geography, entomology and meteorology to show what to show spatial disparities in malaria transmission using Arcgis 10.4, Global Mapper and SPSS 21.0 for regression and correlation analysis. Results: The results of our research show that the slopes are unstable. Also, the lower the altitude, the lower the water kinetics and consequently a lot of water stagnation favourable for the development of mosquito breeding sites. The explanatory power of the regression model means that 54.3% of the variation in positive mosquito breeding is explained by human population density. Conclusions: Benin must make significant progress in the elimination of malaria using a new effort to understand the ecology of vector mosquitoes based on spatial disparities in the fight against malaria.","PeriodicalId":188081,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Biophysics","volume":"172 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126932081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Review on Factors Affecting Regeneration of Indigenous Tree Species in Ethiopia","authors":"Habte Wendime Gemechu, Dereje Bekele Jiru","doi":"10.11648/J.EJB.20210901.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.EJB.20210901.14","url":null,"abstract":"This paper is a review from various research articles and literatures on factors affecting regeneration of indigenous tree species in Ethiopia. A couple of decades ago, the regeneration status of indigenous tree species in the natural forest of the country were better as compared to the situation at the present. In addition, because of the various benefits they provide for farming community, farmers cultivate indigenous tree species on their farmlands as components of agroforestry systems. The regeneration status of these indigenous tree species can be determined by comparing the population of seedlings, saplings, and matured trees of each species. The successful regeneration of these indigenous woody species depends on several factors. The ability of these woody species to initiate new seedlings and their survival and also growth of seedlings and saplings of the species are among the major factors affecting their regeneration. In addition, knowledge gap on seed biology and germination physiology, which is the base for planning quality seed collection by understanding the maturity of seeds; climatic and environmental factors that affect the resistance of a tree species and seedling survival; expansion of invasive alien species that affect the stage of either fruiting, germination or growth of tree species; anthropogenic activities such as deforestation and forest fragmentation; as well as expansion of exotic tree species are also some of the factors that affect the regeneration of these native tree species. Therefore, management and conservation strategies and interventions that are well aligned with addressing these factors should be designed and implemented for enhancing the regeneration of indigenous tree species of the country.","PeriodicalId":188081,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Biophysics","volume":"117 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114934355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dry Matter Production Response of Non-conventional Pineapple (Ananas comosus L.) Seedling to Nursery Media Preparation","authors":"Leta Ajema, Kidist Shewangizaw","doi":"10.11648/J.EJB.20210901.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.EJB.20210901.12","url":null,"abstract":"Establishment and management of pineapple production mainly lie on the production and supply of quality planting material with desirable root and shoot growth characteristics. Farmers in the South Ethiopia, uses different parts of pineapple like ground sucker, slips, and also crown sucker to transplant to the permanent fields. The fertilization practices were also not common, some farmers use to apply organic fertilizers like animal dung at the permanent field while there is no any media information generated to seedling production. Therefore, this study was conducted to examine the dry matter Production responses of non-conventional pineapple Seedling to organic based nursery media Preparation. The experiment was arranged in RCBD with three replication and six treatments. Six treatment combinations of compost to topsoil ratio in (0:1), (1:1), (1:2), (1:3) (1:4) and compost only (1:0). All the relevant parameters were collected and computed using SAS software. Treatment means were separated using LSD at 5% probability. The results revealed significant variation among the treatments that indicated, the soil based nursery media of compost (1:0) and (1:1) ratio of compost to topsoil responded the best dry matter production response of pineapple seedling in terms of, leaf fresh weight, leaf dry weight, root dry weight and total plant dry biomass. This result suggested that compost (1:0) and or compost to topsoil in (1:1) ratios was useful media to produce the best growth of pineapple seedling before transplanting to its production field.","PeriodicalId":188081,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Biophysics","volume":"31 4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131881739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Documentation of Traditional Knowledge on “Coffee” (Coffea arabica) in Jimma, Ilubabor and West Wollega Zone","authors":"Guta Waktole Weyesa, R. Tilahun","doi":"10.11648/J.EJB.20210901.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.EJB.20210901.11","url":null,"abstract":"Coffee, of genus Coffea, is a member of Rubiaceae family that consists of more than 400 species and is mostly grown in the tropical and subtropical regions. The major coffee production systems include forest, semi-forest, garden and plantations. Coffee is intercropped with other companion crops or leguminous shade trees as low-cost production options to diversify food and cash security. Rainfall is the most important factor governing the distribution of coffee farming and wild coffee forests in Ethiopia. The distribution of rainfall varies greatly across Ethiopia, according to season, altitude and physical features of the landscape. Coffee is made from coffee bean and known to have the properties of keeping drinkers alert and awake. The use of coffee leaves to make tea has long been a tradition in West Sumatera, Ethiopia, Jamaica, India, Java and South Sudan. The main objective of this study is to document the traditional knowledge of people on “Coffee” (Coffea arabica) in Jimma, Ilubabor and West Wollega Zone. This study was conducted in Jimma, Elubabor and West Wollega Zone from January - November, 2019. Multistage sampling technique was employed to collect traditional knowledge of people on Coffea arabica. Primary data were collected from the respondents by distributing questionnaires and focus group discussion. The collected data were analyzed by using SPSS (statistical package for social sciences). The result of the study indicates that: the type of land preferred for the production of Coffeaarabica was semi forest whereas the most preferable soil was sand soil. The type of land preferred for the production of Coffeaarabica was semi forest whereas the most preferable soil was sand soil. Summer and spring were preferable seasons by the farmers of the study area for coffee production. Cordia Africana, Croton macrostachyus, Ziziumguaniense and Acacia abyssinica were very relevant for coffea arabica shade. The respondents manage the disease by removing the affected part of Coffea arabica tree and burning it. Coffea Arabica also has cultural and spiritual values.","PeriodicalId":188081,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Biophysics","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126246990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determination of Endogenous Radioresistance Biomarkers on HeLa Cells","authors":"M. Soumboundou, M. Aloy, M. Gadji, C. Malésys, G. Mbaye, A. Dem, M. Diarra, C. Rodriguez-Lafrasse","doi":"10.11648/J.EJB.20200802.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.EJB.20200802.18","url":null,"abstract":"The Genes such as carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX), hypoxia inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) have been suggested as hypoxic biomarkers in cancer. Indeed, these endogenous biomarkers have been shown to have stronger prognostic value response after treatment by irradiation. However, inconsistent results suggest that factors other than oxygen influence their expression. This present study deciphers the level of expression of different radioresistance biomarkers in both normoxia and hypoxia conditions followed by irradiation of human ovarian tumor cell lines (uterine cervix squamous cell carcinoma (HeLa). HeLa cells were submitted to hypoxia (1% O2) conditions in a Thermo Scientific Heracell i CO2 incubator. The cells were subjected to two doses 4-10 Gy irradiation and re-incubate in their starting conditions for 4 hours, then fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde for 20 min. Protein expressions were assessed by immunocytochemistry staining and fluorescent images were captured by a Axio Imager Z1 fluorescence microscope with oil immersion lens at 63× magnification. In normoxia conditions there was no modification of the level of expression of the CAIX after irradiation. However, an increasing expression level of VEGF was noted. The level of expression of HIF-1 in normoxia was low compared to the other two proteins (CAIX and VEGF). Hypoxia conditions at 2% resulted in a low expression of CAIX and VEGF before and after irradiation at 10 Gy in HeLa cells. HIF-1 had a maximum expression level compared to CAIX and VEGF at 2% oxygen after irradiation in HeLa cells. As tumor hypoxia occurs in a deprived microenvironment, other environmental factors such as irradiation might interact with the effect of low oxygen concentration on gene expression. This study shows that irradiation of HeLa cells has a profound influence on the oxygen dependent induction of certain endogenous hypoxic markers as HIF-1, CAIX, and VEGF.","PeriodicalId":188081,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Biophysics","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117101308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Basic Quantum Field Model of the Self-Organization of Microtubules in Eukaryotic Cells","authors":"P. Levi","doi":"10.11648/J.EJB.20200802.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.EJB.20200802.17","url":null,"abstract":"The background of this contribution is the ongoing extended debate over quantum effects in the biology since decades. Typical examples of the quantum biology are photosynthesis, enzymatic activities, bird navigation and especially the coherent movement of microtubules. The reason for all these effects is dominantly the quantum coherence of waves. The objective of this contribution is the quantum description of the instability dynamics of microtubules at their assembly and disassembly phases during the interphase. The corresponding theoretical investigations of this article confirm the existence of quantum coherence of microtubules. Experimental results assert such vibrations of microtubules by the observation of γ-waves in the human brain generated by bundles of microtubules. Tubulin subunits and the accessory proteins are of nano size; therefore, they are modeled as field quanta in the framework of non-relativistic quantum field theory. This approach describes the dynamics of these quantum particles and their interactions, by accentuation of their different performances as coherent or incoherent waves. The achieved results strongly depend from the preconditions: whether the fluctuating forces are turned on or turned off. With the inset of fluctuations, the quantum coherence is destroyed, and only incoherent particle solutions are obeyed. Without the impact of fluctuations wave solutions dominate. Another type of wave solution are coherent wave packets which are counter-running, where their superposition can extinct or enhance them. This kind of interfering coherent solutions is applied on the polymerization of protofilaments. The calculations of this contribution demonstrate that the quantum coherence can be only observed when fluctuations are excluded. The conclusion is that that dedicated biological processes must be able to suppress the destroying influences of the local environment. In contrary to technical-based experiments, where coherence is only obtained when the fluctuations are deliberately excluded (e.g. quantum computer). Therefore, the answer why the processes of quantum biology can generate quantum coherence at least in case of microtubules is actually not answered. Kinesins in combination with microtubules are fundamental for cellular functions and morphogenesis. Recent genetic experiments uncovered their role for tumor suppression and developmental patterning. However, these findings which open exciting new areas of kinesin research are not included in this contribution, because the description of the kinesin-microtubule system is to comprehensive for one article.","PeriodicalId":188081,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Biophysics","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115628718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"pH-sensitive Pickering Emulsion Stabilized by Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticles: Stability and Controlled Release Study","authors":"P. M. Sy, L. Diouf, A. Djiboune, S. Dieng, M. Soumboundou, C. Diop, Toro Diop, G. Mbaye, M. Mbodj, M. Diarra","doi":"10.11648/J.EJB.20200802.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.EJB.20200802.16","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates the formulation of surfactant-free Pickering emulsions that release a drug at a specific pH to improve its oral bioavailability. The stabilizing nanoparticles composed of hydroxyapatite were obtained by a process of nanoprecipitation. Pickering oil-in-water emulsions stabilized with hydroxyapatite nanoparticles and encapsulating a hydrophobic drug model (ibuprofen) were formulated using a high-energy process with rotor-stator turbo mixer (IKA® T25 digital ultra-Turrax). The experimental approach explored the impact of all formulation parameters, dispersed phase and amount of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles on the physicochemical properties of Pickering emulsions. The system was characterized by a methylene blue test, pH and conductivity measurements, and droplet size determination. In addition, Pickering emulsions stabilized by hydroxyapatite nanoparticles have the advantage of being destabilized in acidic medium leading to the release of the active principle via the droplets. The acidic medium release study (pH equal to 1.2) showed ibuprofen release as a function of initial droplet loading and saturation concentration. In the simulated intestinal medium at pH equal to 6.8, we found a better release of ibuprofen from emulsions that already had saturation in an acid medium. Thus, the interest of these Pickering emulsions lies on the fact that their non-toxicity and hydroxyapatite nanoparticles have advantage of being biocompatible because having the same mineral composition as bones and teeth. In addition, they allow destabilization of the emulsions and release of the drug. These emulsions not only protect patients from the side effects of acid-based drugs, but also contribute to increase the bioavailability of these acidic drugs.","PeriodicalId":188081,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Biophysics","volume":"114 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124178812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potential Adverse Effect of Ultrasound on the Electroretinogram of Retina and the Protective Role of Different Types of Antioxidants","authors":"Ayman Ahmed, M. Ali, Mona Mostafa Gamal, A. Sallam, E. M. El-Sayed","doi":"10.11648/J.EJB.20200802.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.EJB.20200802.12","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Applications of ultrasound in medicine for therapeutic purposes have been an accepted and beneficial use of ultrasonic biological effects for many years but exposure to ultrasound can generate oxidative stress. Aim: The aim of the present study is to investigate the changes in the function of the retina due to ultrasound exposure and the protecting role of vitamin C and/or β-carotene by using electroretinogram (ERG). Materials and Methods: Newzealand albino rabbits of both sexes classified into five groups. Group (I) used as control group. The eyes of group (II) Insonificated with continuous ultrasound waves (1.5 W/cm2 at 2.8 MHz) for 20, 40 and 60 minutes. Group (III) was insonificated with vitamin C instillation and group (IV) insonificated after -carotene supplementation. Group (V) was insonificated after combination of the two treatments. Results: Statistically significant reduction (P˂ 0.05) in a- waves amplitude after insonification and exceeding with increase exposure time 20, 40 and 60 min was observed. The amplitudes of a-wave after treatment with topical and supplemented or both remained significantly larger compared with those exposure to US only but its latency lower than that found in insonified groups. In addition, the b-waves were found to follow the same behavior as a-wave. Conclusion: The study recommended considering oral β-carotene antioxidant in combination with vitamin C eye drops as a medical tool and personal protective in ultrasound equipment in provide safety.","PeriodicalId":188081,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Biophysics","volume":"175 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131855792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Crystal Structure of Peptidyl-tRNA Hydrolase from Acinetobacter baumannii at 1.00 Å Resolution","authors":"V. Viswanathan, P. Sharma, P. Singh, P. Kaur, S. Sharma, T. Singh","doi":"10.11648/J.EJB.20210901.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.EJB.20210901.13","url":null,"abstract":"The essential process of protein biosynthesis in the cell often gets stalled due to the premature abortion of the translation process and generates a byproduct of peptidyl-tRNA molecules. This defect is corrected by peptidyl-tRNA hydrolase (Pth) by hydrolyzing peptidyl-tRNA to yield tRNA and peptides. In order to understand the mechanism of catalytic action and detailed stereochemical features of the substrate binding site, the structure of Pth has been determined at 1.00 A resolution. The Pth enzyme from Acinetobacter baumannii (AbPth) was cloned, expressed, purified and crystallized. The structure was refined to Rcryst and Rfree values of 0.145 and 0.157 respectively. The electron densities were observed for many hydrogen atoms in the structure. In AbPth, the residues, Asn12, His22, Asn70, Asp95 and Asn116 are involved in the catalytic process. The structure determination revealed that His22 Nᵟ1 forms a hydrogen bond with Asp95 Oᵟ2 while His22 Ne2 is hydrogen bonded to Asn116 Nᵟ2. In this case, the side chain of Asn116 adopts a conformation with  value of 65°. Upon ligand binding, Asn116 adopts a different conformation with  value of -70⁰. In the present structure, the conformation of Tyr68 is observed in the disallowed region of Ramachandran’s plot with φ, ѱ values of 80⁰, 150⁰. However, it is observed that Tyr68 adopts both disallowed and allowed conformations in Pth enzymes indicating a structural flexibility. The structure determination also revealed multiple conformations of the side chains of a number of amino acid residues.","PeriodicalId":188081,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Biophysics","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134184378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Impact of Family Psycho-education Therapy on Family Burden in Caring for Older Adult with Dementiain Bogor","authors":"Livana Ph, Yossie Susanti Eka Putri","doi":"10.11648/J.EJB.20190702.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.EJB.20190702.13","url":null,"abstract":"Dementia is a prevalent health problem and major cause of disability and dependency among older adults (WHO, 2012). Family, as primary support system, should be able to provide care for older adult with dementia. In provision of care, family may deal with problems which perceived as either physical or psychological problems. Family psycho-education is one of specialist nursing interventions provided for family in caring for older adult with dementia (Tang et al, Varcarolis 2014). This study aimed to identify impact of family psycho-education therapy on family burden in caring for older adult with dementia. The study design wasquasi experiment pre and post test with control group. The study population was family who provided care for older adult with dementia. Study sample consisted of 26 families of intervention group and 26 families of control group, whom selected through purposive sampling method. The intervention was conducted in 5 sessions by providing module and logbook to the families. Questionnaire of Zarit Caregiver Burden Interview was employed for data collection and independent t-test was applied to analyze the data with statistical significance of 0,000. The result indicated a significant difference in family caregiving burden between the intervention and control group following the intervention. Family psycho-education therapymay relieve family burden in caring for older adult with dementia. Psychiatric nurse specialist is encouraged to implement family psycho-education therapy which may affect family’s competency in providing care for older adult with dementia.","PeriodicalId":188081,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Biophysics","volume":"70 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130740789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}