European Journal of Biophysics最新文献

{"title":"Fatty Acid Composition and Physicochemical Properties of <i>Ricinus communis </i>Seed Oil Grown from Jabi Tehinan Woreda, Ethiopia","authors":"Y. Alemayehu, Fekadu Fenta, Y. Birhan","doi":"10.11648/j.ejb.20241201.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ejb.20241201.13","url":null,"abstract":"Castor seed oil is well known for its diverse medicinal and industrial uses. It is widely utilized as an additive in foods, medicine, personal care goods, lubricant and biodiesel. Nonetheless, the oil content and physicochemical properties of castor seeds depend on their genotypic varieties and geographical location. Fortunately, Ethiopia is endowed with varieties of castor seeds. However, there is a limited research on the total oil content and quality of castor seeds oil. Thus, the aim of this study was to examine the total oil content, the physicochemical characteristics and fatty acid composition of castor seeds oil grown in Jabi Tehinan Woreda, Ethiopia. The three most populous genotype castor beans were collected and subjected to soxhlet extraction using hexane solvent. The outcome showed that their genotypes determine both the amount and quality of the oil extracted. Genotype 01 (GT-01) has exceptionally the highest oil content (69.8%) while the Genotype 02 (GT-02) (47.305) and Genotype 03 (GT-03) (43.21%) have high oil contents. GT-01 has the highest (87.49%), GT-02 the second (85.17) and GT-01 (84.01) the third ricinoleic acid component. This high ricinoleic acid composition is reflected on their chemical and physical properties which are in the range of ASTM standards, making them valuable for various industrial applications.","PeriodicalId":188081,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Biophysics","volume":"17 38","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140712032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparing Neural and Digital Circuits on Achieving Basic Functions Necessary for Data Processing","authors":"Takayoshi Tsubo","doi":"10.11648/j.ejb.20231102.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ejb.20231102.11","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":188081,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Biophysics","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139280010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Radiolabeling with Technetium 99m for the Diagnosis of Coronary Heart Disease in Senegal","authors":"Papa Mady Sy, Alphonse Rodrigue Djiboune, Sidy Mouhamed Dieng, B. Ndong, El Hadji Amadou Lamine Bathily, O. Diop, M. Soumboundou, Louis Augustin Diaga Diouf, G. Mbaye, M. Mbodj, M. Diarra, Sylvie Seck Gassama","doi":"10.11648/j.ejb.20231101.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ejb.20231101.12","url":null,"abstract":": Coronary heart disease is the leading cause of death in industrialized countries. In Africa, its prevalence is increasing in line with the westernization of lifestyles, the improvement of socio-economic conditions and the increase in life expectancy. Therefore, myocardial perfusion scintigraphy presents itself as an effective imaging technique allowing improved prevention, diagnosis and therapeutic management and monitoring of patients at risk. Our present work has exclusively focused on the early diagnosis of patients at risk in the nuclear medicine department of the Grand Yoff General Hospital (HOGIP). Our work consisted of administering a radiopharmaceutical to a patient and monitoring its fate in the body by external detection of gamma radiation using a Mediso Nucline TM gamma camera. We used vectors like sestamibi and tetrofosmin. These vectors have the particularity of having an affinity and a tropism for the myocardial tissue. These two vectors were labeled with technetium 99m (radiotracer). Indeed, these radioactive tracers attach themselves to the organ to be studied from where they emit gamma radiation captured by a gamma camera which detects the signal from this organ and reconstructs a computerized static or dynamic image. This made it possible to make a diagnosis of ischemia or myocardial necrosis in 57% of cases in women and 82.5% of cases in men in a sample of 45 patients. Thanks to the qualitative visual interpretation of the distribution of the tracer, a diagnostic aid was provided by the semi-quantitative analysis provided by the study of the polar maps (bull's eyes). This myocardial perfusion scintigraphy can be a valuable diagnostic aid, especially in our countries where income is limited.","PeriodicalId":188081,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Biophysics","volume":"R-25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126623387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Studies of Thyroid Hormones (Propylthiouracil and L-Thyroxine) Interaction with Human Serum Albumin-Spectroscopic Approach","authors":"Israa Ismail Abu Katteh, Husain Rashad Alsamamra, Musa Mahmoud Abu Teir","doi":"10.11648/j.ejb.20231101.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ejb.20231101.11","url":null,"abstract":": In this work, UV-absorption, fluorescence spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy were used to investigate the relationship between Propylthiouracil and L-Thyroxine with human serum albumin. The binding constants of propylthiouracil and L-Thyroxine have been determined of both UV-absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy. The binding Constants values measured at 293k are 1.659×10 3 M -1 for propylthiouracil and 1.013×10 4 M -1 for L-Thyroxine. The constant values of the Stern–Volmer quenching were determined to be 2.144×10 3 L mol -1 for propylthiouracil and 1.937×10 3 L mol -1 L-for Thyroxine. The UV-absorption intensity of HSA-hormones complexes has increased with increasing of propylthiouracil and L-Thyroxine concentration. With the rise in propylthiouracil and L-thyroxine concentrations, the fluorescence results indicate a decrease in HSA-hormone emission intensity. To determine the effects of protein secondary structure and hormone binding mechanisms, we have used FTIR spectroscopy with Fourier self-deconvolution technique and second derivative resolution enhancement, as well as curve-fitting methods for the investigation of the amide I, II, and III regions. The peak positions within the three amide regions (amide I, amide II and amide III) were allocated and any results were explored due to changes in concentration. Due to variations in hormone concentrations, the measurements of the FTIR spectra indicate a difference in the intensity of absorption bands.. FTIR Spectra measurements reflect a difference in the strength of the absorption bands due to changes in hormone concentrations.","PeriodicalId":188081,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Biophysics","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116049609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Gibberellic Acid and Kinetin on Germination and Ion Accumulation in a Bangladesh Wheat Variety Under Salt Stress Conditions","authors":"N. Akhtar, A. Karim, S. Afrin, F. Hossain","doi":"10.11648/J.EJB.20210902.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.EJB.20210902.15","url":null,"abstract":"Salinity is the major environmental stress that restricts on agricultural productivity in arid and semiarid regions by a reduction in the germination rate. Experiments were carried out to assess the role of gibberellic acid (GA3) and kinetin on germination and ion accumulation in a Bangladesh wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) variety, namely Akbar under salt stress conditions. Increasing salt (NaCl) stress conditions consistently decreased the rate of germination of wheat. Gibberellic acid alone or in combination with kinetin alleviated the inhibitory effects of salinity on germination. However, kinetin alone further decreased the rate of germination under salt stress. Salt (NaCl) stress increased the accumulation of Na+ and Cl- while it decreased K+ accumulation in germinating seeds. Gibberellic acid caused an increase in K+ accumulation and a decrease in Na+ and Cl- accumulation in the germinating seeds. Kinetin increased Cl- accumulation and decreased K+ accumulation in salinity stressed wheat seedlings. Therefore, GA3 prominently relieved salt stress and improved the seed germination of wheat.","PeriodicalId":188081,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Biophysics","volume":"117 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124641177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tree Species Diversity in Smallholder Coffee Farms of Bedeno District, Eastern Hararghe Zone, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia","authors":"Z. Ahmed, L. Nigatu, Eyasu Mekonnen","doi":"10.11648/J.EJB.20210902.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.EJB.20210902.14","url":null,"abstract":"Although, Coffee agroforestry have a considerable contribution in supporting biodiversity, yet their contribution are insufficiently documented. Thus, this study was aimed to assess the diversity tree species in small holder coffee farms in Bedeno district, East Hararghe Zone, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia. Eleven kebeles were selected purposively and four of them were randomly selected from which 119 households were selected, whose coffee farms used for Tree inventories in this study. The study was carried out in between October 28, 2019 and April 15, 2020. Data was analyzed by Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20 and Microsoft Office Excel 2010, using descriptive statistics such as means, percentages and frequency. A total of 53 tree species representing 28 families, constituting 69.8% indigenous and 30.2% exotic tree species were recorded in the current study coffee farms. The result of this study shows significant difference (p<0.05) between three wealth categories across four study kebeles and tree species diversity of coffee farms influenced by wealth status of the household. The rich class owned more diversified tree species. The highest and lowest mean value of richness (11.5, 3), Shannon index (2.3, 0.9) and abundance (22.8, 4.8) were recorded on the farm of rich and poor household respectively. There was no significant difference among the study kebeles and the position of kebeles was not influenced tree species diversity in this specific study. Therefore, traditional shade based coffee production system should be encouraged for tree species diversity conservation in smallholder coffee farms.","PeriodicalId":188081,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Biophysics","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133996459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Evaluation of Transplanting and Sowing on Growth and Yield of Tef (<i>Eragrostis tef </i>(Zucc.)) at Jimma and Buno Bedele South Western Ethiopia","authors":"S. Gurmu, Muhidin Biya, Eshetu Yadete","doi":"10.11648/J.EJB.20210902.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.EJB.20210902.13","url":null,"abstract":"Field experiments were conducted for four consecutive years (2013-2016) under rain-fed conditions in South Western part of Ethiopia, to evaluate the time of transplanting and direct planting of different seed rates either in row or broadcast for improving growth and yield of tef. The experiment had two time of transplanting tef seedling (at 10 and 20 ahead of planting); five tef seed rates (5, 10, 15, 20, 25 kg ha-1) planted in rows and two tef seed rates (5 and 25 kg ha-1) planted in broadcasting. The experiment was designed in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Over year and locations mean results revealed that all parameters (number of tiller per plant, plant height, Panicle length, lodging percent, grain yield, aboveground biomass, straw yield and harvest index) were significantly affected by different planting methods (transplanting, row planting and broadcasting) and seed rates. Seedlings raised in nursery for 10 days ahead of planting then transplanted to plots at sowing time gave the highest number of tillers per plant, plant height, panicle length, grain yield, straw yield and above ground biomass. Whereas, the lowest seed rate 5 kg ha-1 with both broadcasting and row planting gave the lowest grain yield, straw yield, above ground biomass and also lodging percent. Broadcast seeds at the rate of 25 kg ha-1 gave the lowest number of tillers per plant, plant height and panicle length and gave the highest lodging percent. These results indicated as the seed rate increases the problem of lodging of tef increases. The Partial budget analysis revealed that the higher net benefit and higher marginal rate of return were obtained from drill seeds in rows of 20 cm apart at the rate of 10 kg ha-1 and broadcast seed at rate of 25 kg ha-1 with values of 4004% and 3351%, respectively. This is, therefore, drill seeds in rows of 20 cm apart at the rate of 10 kg ha-1 and broadcast seed at rate of 25 kg ha-1 can be used to high and economic yield of tef at South Western parts of Ethiopia.","PeriodicalId":188081,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Biophysics","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123002899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Floristic Composition and Structure of Mangrove forest in Macuze, Central of Mozambique","authors":"A. L. Joao, M. Manjate, Alfredo Santos Duvane, V. Pedro, Remigio Rangel Nhamussua","doi":"10.11648/J.EJB.20210902.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.EJB.20210902.12","url":null,"abstract":"Despite its importance, mangroves are considered in the current context the most vulnerable and susceptible to degradation, due to anthropic activities, therefore, studies that help in understanding these environments, such as the floristic and structural characterization of vegetation are necessary. Thus, the aim of this study was to describe the floristic and phytosociological characteristics of the Macuze-Sede mangrove in the district of Namacurra in the province of Zambezia, in central Mozambique. Twenty-four plots measuring 20 m x 20 m (400 m²), were installed through systematic sampling, where all arboreal individuals with diameter at breast height (DBH) greater than or equal to 10 cm were quantified. The diameter at breast height of all individuals were grouped into classes, and the phytosociological parameters (absolute and relative density, absolute and relative frequency, absolute and relative dominance, and importance value index) of the species were calculated. In the study area 546 individuals were quantified and seven species identified, distributed among 7 genera and 5 families. The density was 568.75 trees per hectare, the mean diameter was 13.07 cm and the total basal area 7.97 m2/ha. In the diametric distribution, most individuals fitted into the smallest classes. Avicennia marina (Forssk.) Vierh. var. marina presented the largest number of individuals (340) and the highest values in all phytosociological parameters, with an importance value of 52.8%. Thus, it was found that Avicennia marina is the most important species for the study area, and showing that it is the species widely distributed in Mozambique according to other studys.","PeriodicalId":188081,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Biophysics","volume":"130 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126023329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Distribution and Status of Maize Common Smut (<i>Ustilago maydis</i>) at West Wollega, Ethiopia","authors":"Abay Guta, U. Tilahun","doi":"10.11648/J.EJB.20210902.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.EJB.20210902.11","url":null,"abstract":"Maize common smut assessment survey was conducted in the five districts of west and kellem Wollega zones namely Dale Sadi, Gimbi, Haru, Homa and Lalo Kile in 2015 during crop season. Among all cereals, maize is second to tef in area coverage in Ethiopia, but first in productivity and total production. Maize smut was seen as an outbreak at Kellam Wollega although it was not well known so before. The survey was conducted in 36 peasant associations (PA) and 67 fields in the five districts of the two zones. Stratified sampling technique was applied in the survey. Peasant association were randomly selected from all Districts and was based on randomly selected maize farm fields. The locations in each Peasant association were at least 4 km (by car speedometer) apart depend on the topography and the relative importance of maize production. The common smut surveyed was moved diagonally “X” shape from one angle to other angle points using 3m x 3m (9 m2) quadrates. Prevalence of maize common smut was 100% in all the districts and the exotic disease species have recently been introduced to the two Zones. This common maize smut was how to introduce not well known. The lowest and highest disease incidence recorded in Haru and Dale Sadi 14.65% and 22.99%, respectively. Dale sadi was recorded the highest average severity of 23.55%, followed by Lalo Kile District with an average severity of 21.7% and the Haru District with lowest disease severity record of 16.21%. The linear regression showed that highly significant different (p<0.01) and for each 100 m decrease in altitude disease incidence and severity of maize smut at (dough stage) increase by 0.212% and 0.232% respectively. The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence, incidence and severity of maize common smut species in two Zones.","PeriodicalId":188081,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Biophysics","volume":"237 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121982538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Carbon Stock Density of the Different Carbon Pools in Tulu Lafto Forest and Woodland Complex: Horo Guduru Wollega Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia","authors":"Fekadu Gurmessa, B. Warkineh, S. Demissew, T. Soromessa","doi":"10.11648/J.EJB.20210901.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.EJB.20210901.16","url":null,"abstract":"Forest contains one of the world’s largest terrestrial C pools and play vital role in combating climate change through carbon sequestration. This study was conducted on Tulu Lafto Forest and woodland complex (here after named as TLF) with the objective of investigating carbon stock density of the different carbon pools and its variation between vegetation units. Data were collected from a total of 75 nested plots. Diameter at breast height and total height were measured for all woody individuals (trees, shrubs and lianas) that attained a DBH of 2.5 cm and above. Woody plants that did not attained a DBH of 2.5 cm and herbaceous plants were destructively harvested from subplots of 1 m2 within the main plot. All dead woods were also measured for their length and diameter and samples were taken to determine its specific wood density and decomposition class. Above and below ground biomass was estimated using allometric equation, while the litter carbon was determined by loss on ignition (LOI) method. Soil samples were also collected in order to determine soil organic carbon. The mean above and below ground C stocks were 218.4 and 43.49 t C ha-1, respectively while, C stocks in soil organic matter, dead wood and litter were 128.95, 6.15 and 2.43 t C ha-1, respectively. The total C stock density of TLF was found to be 399.42 ± 265.15 t C ha-1 of which 54.68 and 32.28% was kept in the aboveground biomass and soil, respectively. Result indicated that there is significant C stock density variation between vegetation units in the study area.","PeriodicalId":188081,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Biophysics","volume":"233 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115807166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}