February 2021Pub Date : 2021-03-01DOI: 10.32964/tj20.2.139
M. Kuosa, A. Heikkinen, T. Tirri, Lasse Pulkkinen
{"title":"Continuous tannin extraction by use of screw reactor","authors":"M. Kuosa, A. Heikkinen, T. Tirri, Lasse Pulkkinen","doi":"10.32964/tj20.2.139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32964/tj20.2.139","url":null,"abstract":"A pilot-size screw reactor (extraction unit) was used for tannin extraction of spruce. Yield of the same magnitude or better was obtained when comparing a screw reactor with batch reactors. A longer presoaking time in water seemed to be better than a short one for obtaining higher yield. A higher yield is obtained with lower dry-water ratio, which suggests that the internal diffusion in bark does not determine mass transfer as much as is the case without presoaking of bark. The higher dry-water ratio decreased the yield. The prior soaking of the bark also minimized the mechanical reactor feeding problems (clogging). The benefits of a screw reactor likely are that run time changes for different process conditions are flexible; it simplifies design and construction of an industrial unit for tannin production; and it saves space because of the need for fewer and smaller intermediate storage tanks.","PeriodicalId":188049,"journal":{"name":"February 2021","volume":"94 9","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114023178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
February 2021Pub Date : 2021-03-01DOI: 10.32964/tj20.2.111
Ilich Lama, Derek Sain
{"title":"A case study review of wood ash land application programs in North America","authors":"Ilich Lama, Derek Sain","doi":"10.32964/tj20.2.111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32964/tj20.2.111","url":null,"abstract":"Several regulatory agencies and universities have published guidelines addressing the use of wood ash as liming material for agricultural land and as a soil amendment and fertilizer. This paper summarizes the experiences collected from several forest products facility-sponsored agricultural application programs across North America. These case studies are characterized in terms of the quality of the wood ash involved in the agricultural application, approval requirements, recommended management practices, agricultural benefits of wood ash, and challenges confronted by ash generators and farmers during storage, handling, and land application of wood ash.\u0000Reported benefits associated with land-applying wood ash include increasing the pH of acidic soils, improving soil quality, and increasing crop yields. Farmers apply wood ash on their land because in addition to its liming value, it has been shown to effectively fertilize the soil while maintaining soil pH at a level that is optimal for plant growth. Given the content of calcium, potassium, and magnesium that wood ash supplies to the soil, wood ash also improves soil tilth. Wood ash has also proven to be a cost-effective alternative to agricultural lime, especially in rural areas where access to commercial agricultural lime is limited. \u0000Some of the challenges identified in the review of case studies include lengthy application approvals in some jurisdictions; weather-related issues associated with delivery, storage, and application of wood ash; maintaining consistent ash quality; inaccurate assessment of required ash testing; potential increased equipment maintenance; and misconceptions on the part of some farmers and government agencies regarding the effect and efficacy of wood ash on soil quality and crop productivity.","PeriodicalId":188049,"journal":{"name":"February 2021","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116204077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
February 2021Pub Date : 2021-03-01DOI: 10.32964/tj20.2.81
B. Mirzaei, Trey Harksen, Swan D. Smith, J. Panek
{"title":"Key material properties in crease cracking of kraft paper","authors":"B. Mirzaei, Trey Harksen, Swan D. Smith, J. Panek","doi":"10.32964/tj20.2.81","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32964/tj20.2.81","url":null,"abstract":"Crease cracking of paperboard is important to control for the appearance and structural integrity of packages. Crease cracking is affected by creasing operation variables, as well as the physical properties of the paperboard. However, the effects of the physical properties are not clearly known. \u0000The objectives of this work were to identify the key material properties that affect crease cracking and to clarify the effects of fiber composition and starch. Laboratory sheets were produced from bleached and refined softwood and hardwood commercial pulp at grammage and thicknesses that match a typical paperboard. To mimic papermaking operations, surface starch was applied via a bench-top size press. The sheets were creased in the lab over a range of penetration depths, and reverse-side cracking was measured. The results showed that less reverse-side cracking was correlated with higher tensile post-peak energy, a lower bending stress, and a lower z-direction (ZD) stiffness. The tensile post-peak energy is a measure of the resistance to crack growth via fiber-bridging. The bending force and the ZD stiffness influence the forces that create cracks. It was observed that decreasing the ratio of hard-wood-to-softwood content and reducing the amount of starch would both decrease crease cracking.","PeriodicalId":188049,"journal":{"name":"February 2021","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127903356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
February 2021Pub Date : 2021-03-01DOI: 10.32964/tj20.2.91
Y. Perng, Tser-Ying Teng, C. Chang
{"title":"An evaluation of household tissue softness","authors":"Y. Perng, Tser-Ying Teng, C. Chang","doi":"10.32964/tj20.2.91","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32964/tj20.2.91","url":null,"abstract":"This study extends our 2019 paper, a study of the softness of household tissues using a tissue soft-ness analyzer (TSA) and hand-felt panels. It revisits the softness theory of Holger Hollmark by applying a reciprocal matrix approach to measure sheet bulk softness and surface softness, and then make comparisons with the results obtained using a TSA instrument. \u0000We ascertained that there was a high correlation of R=0.904 between panel-corrected hand-felt (CHF) softness and TSA softness (TSA-HF); and a low correlation of R=-0.678 between panel-corrected hand-felt surface softness (CHSS) and TSA smoothness (TS-750). Three hunches about TSA measurements were confirmed: 1) Hollmark’s theory was confirmed by a high correlation coefficient (R=0.895) between CHF and CHSS softness, indicating that the two parameters are mutually dependent; 2) TS-750 differs from CHSS and has partial influence on TSA-HF results with a correlation of R = -0.510; and 3) although TS-750 has only limited influences on TSA-HF, further opportunities for their application can be provided using pertinent regression equations.","PeriodicalId":188049,"journal":{"name":"February 2021","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114442341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
February 2021Pub Date : 2021-02-21DOI: 10.46607/iamj1609022021
Ankita 1
{"title":"A REVIEW ON ROLE OF PRAMANAS IN AYURVEDIC RESEARCH METHODOLO-GY","authors":"Ankita 1","doi":"10.46607/iamj1609022021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46607/iamj1609022021","url":null,"abstract":"Research is the process of search for unknown knowledge. Research methodology is the general approach a researcher takes during research process. Research methodology is defined as the specific techniques & procedures required to identify, select, process and analyze a research problem. Various tools and tech-niques are required for research. In Ayurveda valid knowledge is termed as Prama and the means or source to acquire knowledge are known as Pramana. These Pramanas are the evidence of the critical sci-entific approach of Ayurveda. Pramanas are the tools of Research in Ayurveda. Pramanas can be of great importance in developing Ayurvedic Research Methodology. Present paper is aimed to explore the scope & importance of Pramanas described in Ayurvedic literature in Ayurvedic Research Methodology.","PeriodicalId":188049,"journal":{"name":"February 2021","volume":"234 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115750916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
February 2021Pub Date : 2021-02-21DOI: 10.46607/iamj1109022021
Syama Maniyankutty, Aswathi R S
{"title":"EFFECT OF LAGHU MALINI VASANTA RASA IN PREGNANCY – A REVIEW STUDY","authors":"Syama Maniyankutty, Aswathi R S","doi":"10.46607/iamj1109022021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46607/iamj1109022021","url":null,"abstract":"Pregnancy is the most important part of every woman’s life. The union of Sukra, Sonita and Jivatma inside the Garbhasaya forms Garbha. The innermost part of Garbhasaya is filled with minute hair like capillaries which nourishes the embryo after fertilization. Pregnancy is divided into three trimesters. Throughout this period utmost care has to be taken to maintain the health of both the baby and mother. Health of baby de-pends upon health of mother and hence it is necessary to preserve the health of the mother. Laghumalini-vasanta Rasa1 is a herbo- mineral formulation which is widely used during pregnancy. It is a well-known Vasanta Kalpa formulation. It is a suitable ayurvedic remedy to cope up with problems arising during pregnancy, as it is very helpful to stabilise the foetus, thereby reducing the tendency of abortion. It is also helpful in female health related problems like menorrhagia, leucorrhoea and reduces excessive vaginal dis-charge also. As per the reference of Yoga Ratnakara the main ingredients of Laghumalinivasanta rasa are ShudhaKharpara and Marichachoorna. With appropriate Anupana this medicine is effective in all types of Garbhinijwara as well as it is good for Garbhaposhana. This review article highlights the role of Laghumalinivasanta rasa in stabilising the foetus.","PeriodicalId":188049,"journal":{"name":"February 2021","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122482907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
February 2021Pub Date : 2021-02-21DOI: 10.46607/iamj3109022021
S. Rani, S. K.
{"title":"AYURVEDA MANAGEMENT IN EPISTAXIS DURING PREGNANCY: A CASE \u0000REPORT","authors":"S. Rani, S. K.","doi":"10.46607/iamj3109022021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46607/iamj3109022021","url":null,"abstract":"Epistaxis refers to nasal bleed or haemorrhage from nose. Few cases of epistaxis, not associated with nasal lesions or clotting disorders, were described in literature. Pregnancy exaggerates the prevalence of epistaxis in pregnant women compared with non-pregnant women. In many cases epistaxis with minimal nasal bleeding is self-limiting but during pregnancy it should be taken at most care to treat immediately because of its unpredictable complications. Raktapitta (haemorrhage disorders) is a bleeding disorder were in Rakta (blood) which is vitiated by Pitta flows out through all orifices of body. The vitiated Pitta and Rakta due to their Ushna (hot) and Drava(liquid) property moves upwards or downwards and bleeding occurs through all the external orifices. If the bleeding occurs through nose, then it is known as Nasagata Rakta Pitta (epi-staxis). Durva Swarasa (Cynodon dactylion) and Dadima Pushpa Swarasa (punica granatam) explained in Charaka Samhita with reference to Rakta Pitta Chikista is selected as treatment modality in this study.","PeriodicalId":188049,"journal":{"name":"February 2021","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122097457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
February 2021Pub Date : 2021-02-21DOI: 10.46607/iamj0109022021
S. Wahid, Arvind Gajbhiye
{"title":"A COMPARATIVE CLINICAL STUDY OF ‘CHEDANA KARMA & KSHARSUTRA \u0000(SETON) KARMA’ (GUGGULU BASED) IN THE MANAGEMENT OF SHALYAJ NADI VRANA(SINUS) W.S.R. TO PILONIDAL SINUS (ASSOCIATED WITH ROPAN LEPA)","authors":"S. Wahid, Arvind Gajbhiye","doi":"10.46607/iamj0109022021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46607/iamj0109022021","url":null,"abstract":"A Pilonidal Sinus is a common disease of the natal cleft. Pilonidal Sinus is a track which contains hairs. The incidence of the disease is calculated to be 26 per 100,000 people. Pilonidal disease has a male pre-dominance with a ratio of 3:1. There are several methods to treat pilonidal sinus, but the recurrence rate is more in modern surgical interventions. According to Ayurveda it can be correlated to Salyajanya Nadi Vrana (pilonidal sinus), a type of Nadi Vrana (sinus). Whose etiopathology is described in Nidanasthana and treatment aspect in Chikitsasthana of Susrutha Samhita. Susrutha mentioned the ap-plication of Kshara (caustic alkali) and Ksharsutra (Seton) (Seton) in the management of Nadi Vrana (si-nus). Studies show that by Ayurvedic treatment, it helps to reduce recurrence rate, even though Nadi Vrana (sinus) is said to be Kricchrasadhya (difficult to cure). Hence successful management of this disease de-pends on the knowledge of pathogenesis, patient’s presentation and knowledge on treatment aspects. In this Clinical study, effect of Chedana karma & Ksharsutra (Seton) karma’ (Guggulu based) in the management of Salyajanya Nadi Vrana (pilonidal sinus) w.s.r. To pilonidal sinus (associated with ropan lepa) is seen and conclusion in drawn.","PeriodicalId":188049,"journal":{"name":"February 2021","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128368213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
February 2021Pub Date : 2021-02-21DOI: 10.46607/iamj1909022021
Sunil B. Patil, Rakesh Sharma
{"title":"A REVIEW OF JIRNA PRATISHYAYA AND ITS AYURVEDIC MANAGEMENT","authors":"Sunil B. Patil, Rakesh Sharma","doi":"10.46607/iamj1909022021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46607/iamj1909022021","url":null,"abstract":"The Present era is full of Chaos, stress and Strain due to lifestyle modification, changes in dietary habits, urbanisation and industrialisation lead to increased pollution and increase resistance to the antibiotics are responsible for prevalence of many diseases. Nose being the prime and nose exposed to the external envi-ronment, is more prone to these causative factors and recurrent infection. The most common upsurge of diseases is Jirna Pratishyaya, Repeated attack, improper management or negligence of the acute stage leads the disease to chronic phase. Many treatment modalities are explained in modern system of medicine like corticosteroids, antiallergics, inhalers, antihistamines etc., but none of them are totally effective in curing the disease as well as preventing its recurrence, more over they have their own side effects. In Bruha-trayee, Laghutrayee types, stages are chikitsa is described. Hereby, this is a review compilation of Ayurve-dic Classical text in reference to Jirna Pratishyaya and its Chikitsa.","PeriodicalId":188049,"journal":{"name":"February 2021","volume":"82 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129635953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
February 2021Pub Date : 2021-02-21DOI: 10.46607/iamj2809022021
Shravya Kanumalli, Narmada M. G
{"title":"MANAGEMENT OF PARIKARTIKA WSR TO ACUTE FISSURE -IN-ANO WITH \u0000YASHADAMRITA MALAHARA – A SINGLE CASE STUDY","authors":"Shravya Kanumalli, Narmada M. G","doi":"10.46607/iamj2809022021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46607/iamj2809022021","url":null,"abstract":"Parikartika is one of the ano-rectal diseases. Its references are available in bruhatrayees not as an inde-pendent disease but as an Iatrogenic. The word Parikartika means Parikartanavath Vedana around Guda Pradesha. In modern it can be correlated to fissure-in-ano. Fissure-in-ano has features like severe pain and burning sensation during and after defaecation, constipation, stools streaked with blood is a challenge to treat due to its nature of recurrence. The condition demands innovative techniques for its management. Many techniques are tried in its management, each by no means better than the other. Ayurvedic treatment is beneficial in such cases which includes conservative management like deepana, pachana, vatanulomana and basti karma and local application of madhura-sheetha-snighdha dravyas, Taila poorana, Lepa and Pichu dharana. A case study of patient having features of Parikartika was selected from OPD of SJIIM Bengaluru and Yashadamrita Malahara pichu was done for 7 days. Assessment was done on Pain, per rec-tal bleeding, hardstools, sphincter tone and burning sensation. Significant improvement was observed at the end of treatment.","PeriodicalId":188049,"journal":{"name":"February 2021","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129071251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：
京公网安备 11010802042870号
