Natural toxins最新文献_第6页

Evidence of saxitoxin derivatives as causative agents in the 1997 mass mortality of monk seals in the Cape Blanc Peninsula. 1997年勃朗角半岛僧海豹大量死亡的证据表明，蛤蚌毒素衍生物是致病菌。

Natural toxins Pub Date : 1999-01-01 DOI: 10.1002/1522-7189(199911/12)7:6<311::aid-nt75>3.0.co;2-i

M Reyero, E Cacho, A Martínez, J Vázquez, A Marina, S Fraga, J M Franco

引用次数: 59

Comparison between inhibitory indirect ELISA and HPLC methods to quantify free and adducted aflatoxins in human urine. 间接ELISA法和高效液相色谱法测定人尿中游离和内合黄曲霉毒素的比较。

Natural toxins Pub Date : 1999-01-01 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1522-7189(199907/08)7:4<139::aid-nt54>3.0.co;2-q

M T Alvarez, M Carvajal, F Rojo, A Escobar

{"title":"Comparison between inhibitory indirect ELISA and HPLC methods to quantify free and adducted aflatoxins in human urine.","authors":"M T Alvarez, M Carvajal, F Rojo, A Escobar","doi":"10.1002/(sici)1522-7189(199907/08)7:4<139::aid-nt54>3.0.co;2-q","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1522-7189(199907/08)7:4<139::aid-nt54>3.0.co;2-q","url":null,"abstract":"HPLC and Inhibitory Indirect ELISA (I.I. ELISA) methods for quantitation of aflatoxins (AF) in human urine were compared in terms of specificity, sensitivity, easiness and cost. I.I. ELISA was optimized in kind of antibody in use, type of plastic plate, adduct synthesis technique, peroxidase and antibody dilutions, etc. Both polyclonal (Cuban) and monoclonal (British) anti-AF antibodies were statistically studied and the process was standardized. HPLC and electrophoresis were performed while synthetizing AFB(1)-DNA and AFB(1)-Cl-Ovalbumin (AFB(1)-Cl-Ov) adducts. Costar polystyrene plate had the best adherence. Optimum coating dilution was 10 ng of AFB(1)-Cl-Ov per well. Dilutions of 1:1000 of monoclonal antibody from purified culture or 1:300 from monoclonal antibody from tissue culture and 1:1000 of peroxidase anti-mouse conjugate were the best. Optimum separation with HPLC was obtained isocratically with 60% MeOH and 40% distilled water mobile phase. ELISA had a sensitivity of 1 pg mL(-1) AFB(1) and HPLC sensitivity was 0.1 ng mL(-1) AFB(1) with fluorescence detector and 4.5 ng mL(-1) with UV detector. Monoclonal antibody gave more accurate results for determination of free and adducted AFB(1) in urine analysis.","PeriodicalId":18777,"journal":{"name":"Natural toxins","volume":"7 4","pages":"139-45"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21644808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

A French monitoring programme for determining ochratoxin A occurrence in pig kidneys. 法国监测猪肾中赭曲霉毒素A含量的项目。

Natural toxins Pub Date : 1999-01-01 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1522-7189(199907/08)7:4<167::aid-nt55>3.0.co;2-q

S Dragacci, F Grosso, R Bire, J M Fremy, S Coulon

{"title":"A French monitoring programme for determining ochratoxin A occurrence in pig kidneys.","authors":"S Dragacci, F Grosso, R Bire, J M Fremy, S Coulon","doi":"10.1002/(sici)1522-7189(199907/08)7:4<167::aid-nt55>3.0.co;2-q","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1522-7189(199907/08)7:4<167::aid-nt55>3.0.co;2-q","url":null,"abstract":"Ochratoxin A is a carcinogen and nephrotoxin which can enter the food chain resulting in human exposure. As pig herds are exposed to ochratoxin A through their feed, their kidneys, livers and pork meat are considered as a possible route of exposure for humans. France, an important producer of pork and pork products, set up a national monitoring programme which included the training of six routine public laboratories in the analysis of ochratoxin A using an immunoaffinity step followed by a HPLC-fluorimetric detection. The programme randomly sampled 300 healthy and 100 nephropathic pig kidneys in 1997 and 710 healthy pig kidneys in 1998. Less than 10% of samples were significantly contaminated by ochratoxin A : in the 1997 survey, 1% of samples contained 0.40-1.40 microg kg(-1) of ochratoxin A and in the 1998 survey 7.6 % exhibited ochratoxin A levels in the range 0.5-5 microg kg(-1). In the case of nephropathic kidneys, only traces of ochratoxin A (0.16 to 0.48 microg kg(-1)) were detected in six samples out of 100. Even if not a major route of exposure for humans, pigs are clearly exposed to this mycotoxin and monitoring of pork products and of feed for swine is necessary.","PeriodicalId":18777,"journal":{"name":"Natural toxins","volume":"7 4","pages":"167-73"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21644812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 44

Fungal degradation of aflatoxin B1. 黄曲霉毒素B1的真菌降解。

Natural toxins Pub Date : 1999-01-01 DOI: 10.1002/1522-7189(200009/10)7:5<175::aid-nt63>3.0.co;2-m

T Shantha

{"title":"Fungal degradation of aflatoxin B1.","authors":"T Shantha","doi":"10.1002/1522-7189(200009/10)7:5<175::aid-nt63>3.0.co;2-m","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/1522-7189(200009/10)7:5<175::aid-nt63>3.0.co;2-m","url":null,"abstract":"A number of fungal cultures were screened to select an organism suitable to be used in the detoxification of aflatoxin B1. They were co-cultured in Czapek-Dox-Casamino acid medium with aflatoxin B1 producing Aspergillus flavus. Several fungal cultures were found to prevent synthesis of aflatoxin B1 in liquid culture medium. Among these Phoma sp., Mucor sp., Trichoderma harzianum, Trichoderma sp. 639, Rhizopus sp. 663, Rhizopus sp. 710, Rhizopus sp. 668, Alternaria sp. and some strains belonging to the Sporotrichum group (ADA IV B14(a), ADA SF VI BF (9), strain 720) could inhibit aflatoxin synthesis by > or =90%. A few fungi, namely ADA IV B1, ADA F1, ADA F8, also belonging to the Sporotrichum group, were less efficient than the Phoma sp. The Cladosporium sp. and A. terreus sp. were by far the least efficient, registering <10% inhibition. The cultures which prevent aflatoxin biosynthesis are also capable of degrading the preformed toxin. Among these, Phoma sp. was the most efficient destroying about 99% of aflatoxin B1. The cell free extract of Phoma sp. destroyed nearly 50 microg aflatoxin B1 100 ml(-1) culture medium (90% of the added toxin), and this was more effective than its own culture filtrate over 5 days incubation at 28+/-2 degrees C. The degradation was gradual: 35% at 24 h, 58% at 48 h, 65% at 72 h, 85% at 96 h and 90% at 120 h. The possibility of a heat stable enzymatic activity in the cell free extract of Phoma is proposed.","PeriodicalId":18777,"journal":{"name":"Natural toxins","volume":"7 5","pages":"175-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/1522-7189(200009/10)7:5<175::aid-nt63>3.0.co;2-m","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21783909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 77

Reusability of immunoaffinity columns for determination of fumonisins in maize. 玉米中伏马菌素测定免疫亲和柱的重复利用。

Natural toxins Pub Date : 1999-01-01 DOI: 10.1002/1522-7189(199911/12)7:6<259::aid-nt67>3.0.co;2-p

B Fazekas, A Koncz-Tar, E Tóth-Hajdu, M Zomborszky-Kovács

{"title":"Reusability of immunoaffinity columns for determination of fumonisins in maize.","authors":"B Fazekas, A Koncz-Tar, E Tóth-Hajdu, M Zomborszky-Kovács","doi":"10.1002/1522-7189(199911/12)7:6<259::aid-nt67>3.0.co;2-p","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/1522-7189(199911/12)7:6<259::aid-nt67>3.0.co;2-p","url":null,"abstract":"Eighteen maize samples were assayed for fumonisin B1 (FB1) and B2 content by immunoaffinity column coupled with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The FumoniTest columns were used once for the isolation of fumonisins (single-use column method). In the second part of the assay the columns were regenerated. After elution with methanol, PBS solution was left on the column for one day at room temperature to regenerate the columns (regenerated column method). The efficiency of columns regenerated twice was tested by determining FB, recovery and the reproducibility of the determinations. The recovery rate of FB1 proved to be 82% by the single-use column method (RSD: 5.7%) and 82.6% (RSD: 5.6 %) by the regenerated column method; 500-8,000 ng FB1 loaded onto the columns did not affect column performances. Nearly identical values were obtained when the FB1 content of fumonisin-containing maize samples was determined by both methods. The results indicate that the FumoniTest columns can be regenerated by the method applied at least twice without decrease in column performance. The fumonisin affinity, capacity and specificity of the regenerated columns were not changed. Thus, columns regenerated in this way can be used for determining the fumonisin content of maize samples at least three times.","PeriodicalId":18777,"journal":{"name":"Natural toxins","volume":"7 6","pages":"259-63"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/1522-7189(199911/12)7:6<259::aid-nt67>3.0.co;2-p","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21944408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 7

Immunohistochemistry of fumonisin in poultry using avidin-biotin-peroxidase system. 家禽伏马菌素免疫组化研究。

Natural toxins Pub Date : 1999-01-01 DOI: 10.1002/1522-7189(199911/12)7:6<279::aid-nt74>3.0.co;2-v

M R Buim, A P Bracarense, I G Guimarães, O Kawamura, Y Ueno, E Y Hirooka

引用次数: 2

Aflatoxin B1 and fumosin B1 in mixed cultures of Aspergillus flavus and Fusarium proliferatum on maize. 玉米黄曲霉与增殖镰刀菌混合培养中黄曲霉毒素B1和烟霉素B1的研究。

Natural toxins Pub Date : 1999-01-01 DOI: 10.1002/1522-7189(199911/12)7:6<331::aid-nt89>3.0.co;2-3

M Picco, A Nesci, G Barros, L Cavaglieri, M Etcheverry

{"title":"Aflatoxin B1 and fumosin B1 in mixed cultures of Aspergillus flavus and Fusarium proliferatum on maize.","authors":"M Picco, A Nesci, G Barros, L Cavaglieri, M Etcheverry","doi":"10.1002/1522-7189(199911/12)7:6<331::aid-nt89>3.0.co;2-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/1522-7189(199911/12)7:6<331::aid-nt89>3.0.co;2-3","url":null,"abstract":"Production of aflatoxin B1 and fumonisin B1 in pure and mixed cultures of Aspergillus flavus and Fusarium proliferatum were determined on irradiated maize seeds inoculated with different spore concentrations at 0.97 water activity (a(w)) and a temperature of 25 degrees C. The highest levels of aflatoxin B1 were produced by A. flavus at the lowest levels of inoculum (10(3) spore ml(-1)). There was no spore concentration influence on fumonisin B1 production after 10, 20 and 35 days of incubation. When A. flavus was co-inoculated with F. proliferatum, aflatoxin B1 production was inhibited. The higher the inocula levels of Fusarium produced, the higher the inhibition and this inhibition increased during the incubation period. Total inhibition was reached at 35 days of incubation. There was no interaction influence on fumonisin B1 production at all inoculum levels assayed. These results suggest that under optimal environmental conditions of substrate, water activity and temperature, the interaction between A. flavus and F proliferatum could produce inhibition of aflatoxin B1 and stimulation of fumonisin B1.","PeriodicalId":18777,"journal":{"name":"Natural toxins","volume":"7 6","pages":"331-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/1522-7189(199911/12)7:6<331::aid-nt89>3.0.co;2-3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21946067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 31

Overview of mycotoxin methods, present status and future needs. 真菌毒素方法综述、现状及未来需求。

Natural toxins Pub Date : 1999-01-01 DOI: 10.1002/1522-7189(199911/12)7:6<347::aid-nt78>3.0.co;2-p

J Gilbert

引用次数: 48

A new type sandwich immunoassay for microcystin: production of monoclonal antibodies specific to the immune complex formed by microcystin and an anti-microcystin monoclonal antibody. 一种新型的微囊藻毒素夹心免疫测定方法:制备针对微囊藻毒素与抗微囊藻毒素单克隆抗体形成的免疫复合物的特异性单克隆抗体。

Natural toxins Pub Date : 1999-01-01

S Nagata, T Tsutsumi, F Yoshida, Y Ueno

{"title":"A new type sandwich immunoassay for microcystin: production of monoclonal antibodies specific to the immune complex formed by microcystin and an anti-microcystin monoclonal antibody.","authors":"S Nagata, T Tsutsumi, F Yoshida, Y Ueno","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"To develop an ultrasensitive immunoassay for microcystins (MCs), a group of heptapeptide hepatotoxins produced by cyanobacteria, we produced monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) which specifically recognize the immune complex (IC) formed by an anti-MC MAb (MC MAb) and MCs. The use of the anti-IC MAb (IC MAb) as the secondary antibody made it possible to develop a sandwich type immunoassay, which is theoretically superior to the widely used competitive immunoassay in sensitivity as well as accuracy. A MC MAb mixed with microcystin-LR (MCLR) to form the IC was immunized to mice. Three IC MAbs were obtained, all of which specifically reacted with the IC, but almost never reacted to MC MAb or MCLR in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). Binding kinetics study of one of the IC MAbs, 3F7, by a BIAcore biosensor technique revealed that 3F7 IC MAb could associate with free MC MAb as well as the IC, but the binding to free MC MAb was much more easily dissociated than that to the IC, thus resulting in about 300-fold higher affinity of 3F7 for the IC than for MC MAb alone (1.8 x 10(9) M(-1) and 4.6 x 10(6) M(-1) for the IC and MC MAb, respectively). Finally, 3F7 IC MAb was shown to react with the IC formed by the addition of MCLR to MC MAb-coated plates in a dose-dependent manner. Therefore, a new type sandwich immunoassay, anti-immune complex ELISA (IC ELISA) for MCs, was indeed established. The detection limit of the IC ELISA was 2 pg of MCLR ml(-1) (50 fg per assay), making it the most sensitive of all the methods for detecting MCs reported to date.","PeriodicalId":18777,"journal":{"name":"Natural toxins","volume":"7 2","pages":"49-55"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21359540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Mycotoxins (trichothecenes, zearalenone and fumonisins) in cereals associated with human red-mold intoxications stored since 1989 and 1991 in China. 中国自1989年和1991年以来储存的与人类红霉中毒有关的谷物中的真菌毒素(曲霉烯、玉米赤霉烯酮和伏马菌素)。

Natural toxins Pub Date : 1999-01-01 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1522-7189(199905/06)7:3<93::aid-nt45>3.0.co;2-5

F Q Li, X Y Luo, T Yoshizawa

{"title":"Mycotoxins (trichothecenes, zearalenone and fumonisins) in cereals associated with human red-mold intoxications stored since 1989 and 1991 in China.","authors":"F Q Li, X Y Luo, T Yoshizawa","doi":"10.1002/(sici)1522-7189(199905/06)7:3<93::aid-nt45>3.0.co;2-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1522-7189(199905/06)7:3<93::aid-nt45>3.0.co;2-5","url":null,"abstract":"Two corn powder samples implicated in the human food poisoning that occurred in Guangxi province in 1989, and eight wheat and two barley samples linked to an episode that involved about 130,000 people in gastrointestinal disorders in Anhui province in 1991 were analyzed for trichothecenes including deoxynivalenol (DON), nivalenol (NIV) and their esters, zearalenone (ZEA) and fumonisins (FMs) by gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy and high performance liquid chromatography, and T-2 toxin by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. DON was detected in all samples as a major trichothecene (16-51,450 microg kg(-1)), and NIV was in one corn, one barley and all wheat at relatively low levels (10-6935 microg kg(-1)). ZEA was found in all corn and barley, and six wheat samples (46-3079 microg kg(-1)). In addition, 3-acetyl-DON (2544 microg kg(-1)) and 15-acetyl-DON (2537 microg kg(-1)) were detected separately in one corn and one wheat sample. The highest levels of these mycotoxins were found in one wheat sample associated with the human intoxication in Anhui province. FMs in corn were below 1000 microg kg(-1). Risks of DON and ZEA on the people who consumed the causative cereals were assessed.","PeriodicalId":18777,"journal":{"name":"Natural toxins","volume":"7 3","pages":"93-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21502547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 101