Medycyna pracy最新文献

{"title":"[Use of the posturography in balance system evaluation in occupational medicine].","authors":"E. Zamysłowska-Szmytke, M. Janc, Krzysztof Ławnicki, M. Śliwińska-Kowalska","doi":"10.13075/mp.5893.01164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13075/mp.5893.01164","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND\u0000The posturography test allows assessment of the entire function of balance system and quantitative, device-based verification of the clinical Romberg test. Therefore, the aim of this study is assessment of usefulness of posturography as primary test for balance disorders in occupational medicine.\u0000\u0000\u0000MATERIAL AND METHODS\u0000The study is cross-sectional, analyzing anonymous results of 1030 patients reporting dizziness and balance disorders. Based on symptoms, clinical examination and videonystagmography patients were classified into subgroups: benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV [N = 130]), non compensated (NS [N = 82]) and compensated (S [N = 174]) peripheral vestibular, bilateral vestibular (BV [N = 63]), Ménière's disease (MD [N = 53]), central dizziness (central [N = 293]), migraine (migr. [N = 132]), psychogenic dizziness (psychog. [N = 232]), Persistent postural-perceptual dizziness (PPPD [N = 150]). Besides, 129 healthy people were included in the study.\u0000\u0000\u0000RESULTS\u0000Ninety nine percent of abnormal static posturography (SP) and 94% of abnormal dynamic posturography (PD) results were found in diseased patients. Normal results were found both in healthy group (59% PS, 67% PD) and in diseased group (24% PS, 31% PD). Static posturography's abnormal results were more frequent in NS, BV and PPPD patients. In PD the differences were visible in the central, psychog. and PPPD subgroups. In NS subgroup the high negative predictive values of static and dynamic tests (82-87%) were calculated in relation to caloric test.\u0000\u0000\u0000CONCLUSIONS\u0000Static tests are the basic test used in examinations of employees for occupational medicine purposes. Posturography is a quantitative record of sways in relation to normative values. Abnormal posturography results most likely indicate the presence of pathologies of the balance system, including psychofunctional disorders. Normal posturography results do not indicate the lack of pathology of balance system what should be included in the work ability assessment. Med Pr. 2022;73(2).","PeriodicalId":18749,"journal":{"name":"Medycyna pracy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42149422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[The frequency of positive results of serological tests against SARS-CoV-2 in healthcare workers in Upper Silesia Metropolitan Area, Poland].","authors":"M. Wojczyk, M. Kowalska","doi":"10.13075/mp.5893.01221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13075/mp.5893.01221","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND\u0000Silesia is one of the regions in Poland most affected by the COVID-19 epidemic. The high number of infections among the inhabitants of the region increases the already high risk of infection of SARS-CoV-2 virus of medical workers who, due to their work, are more likely to be exposed to people with SARS-CoV-2 than people from the general population. The aim of this study is to assess the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection among healthcare workers in the Upper Silesia Metropolitan Area based on the results of a seroepidemiological study.\u0000\u0000\u0000MATERIAL AND METHODS\u0000The seroepidemiological study was carried out in October- November 2020 among the inhabitants of the Upper Silesia Metropolitan Area (including medical professionals who were selected, creating a research group of healthcare workers). Apart from the questionnaire examination necessary to determine the declared symptoms, circumstances and risk factors conducive to infection, the level of specific antibodies against the SARS-CoV-2 virus in the IgG and IgM class was assessed.\u0000\u0000\u0000RESULTS\u0000In the study participated 575 people declaring their medical profession. A positive test for the presence of IgG antibodies was confirmed in 19.1% of the respondents, while a positive test for IgM concerned 4.3% of the subjects. The most common positive results indicating infection with the SARS-CoV-2 virus concerned people declaring prior contact with an infected person (p = 0.001) and those undergoing quarantine (p < 0.0001).\u0000\u0000\u0000CONCLUSIONS\u0000The frequency of SARS-CoV-2 virus infections in medical personnel in the Upper Silesia Metropolitan Area, assessed on the basis of a positive IgG antibody test result, was 16.1-22.5%. Med Pr. 2022;73(2).","PeriodicalId":18749,"journal":{"name":"Medycyna pracy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45363638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Resorcinol - determination method in the workplace air].","authors":"A. Jeżewska, D. Kondej","doi":"10.13075/mp.5893.01150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13075/mp.5893.01150","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND\u0000Resorcinol (1,3-dihydroxybenzene) is a white solid used in rubber, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, paints and varnishes and other industries. Resorcinol is a harmful, irritant, methemoglobin-forming and hemolytic substance. It can cause kidney and liver damage. The aim of the study was to develop a method for the determination of resorcinol in the workplace air, which would enable the determination of its concentrations in the range 0.1-2 of the MAC (maximum allowable concentration) value.\u0000\u0000\u0000MATERIAL AND METHODS\u0000The method relies on passing the test air containing resorcinol through a cellulose filter, extraction with aqueous methanol solution and chromatographic analysis of the obtained solution. The tests were performed using a liquid chromatograph (HPLC) 1200 series of Agilent Technologies with a diode array detector (DAD). The determinations were carried out using an Allure Basix column (250 × 4.6 mm, 5 μm granulation). The procedure was validated according to European Standard PN-EN 482.\u0000\u0000\u0000RESULTS\u0000The developed method allows the determination of resorcinol in the workplace air in the concentration range of 4.5-90 mg/m3. The limit of detection is 0.087 μg/ml, the precision 5.16% and the relative expanded uncertainty 22.6%. The method described enables selective determination of resorcinol in workplace air in the presence of 1,2-dihydroxybenzene, 1,4-dihydroxybenzene, benzene and phenol.\u0000\u0000\u0000CONCLUSIONS\u0000The method is characterized by good precision and accuracy; it meets the requirements of the European Standard PN-EN 482, and can be used by occupational hygiene laboratories to measure concentrations of resorcinol in workplace air to assess workers' exposure to this substance. Med Pr. 2022;73(2).","PeriodicalId":18749,"journal":{"name":"Medycyna pracy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46328016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of two recovery methods on the leg muscle fatigue of oceanauts in a manned submersible.","authors":"Dengkai Chen, Mengya Zhu, Yu Fan, Jingluan Wang","doi":"10.13075/mp.5893.01211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13075/mp.5893.01211","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND\u0000The cabin of the manned submersible is a narrow and sealed space. The long-time work of oceanauts is easy to cause muscle fatigue and stiffness, which reduces efficiency. This paper explored the relative more effective way to relieve leg muscle fatigue of the oceanauts in the manned submersible.\u0000\u0000\u0000MATERIAL AND METHODS\u0000Twenty healthy young people with an average age of 24 years were selected as the participants, while the usual natural relaxation and the stretching method proposed by the surveys were selected as the relieve method for muscle fatigue. This study compared the effects of the 2 recovery ways using the electromyography data from the quadriceps femoris and biceps femoris, and the subjective scales.\u0000\u0000\u0000RESULTS\u0000With the support of data of integral electromyogram (iEMG), root-mean-square (RMS), subjective scales, authors finally found that the 2 muscles of the leg are fatigued significantly, and biceps femoris has more accumulation of fatigue. Although the 2 recovery ways have a significant relief effect on muscle fatigue, the stretching method can reduce more muscle fatigue in a short period of time, especially for biceps femoris. The stretching method is advocated for the oceanauts.\u0000\u0000\u0000CONCLUSIONS\u0000The findings suggested that the stretching method was optimal for relieving the muscle fatigue of the oceanauts during the operation. Med Pr. 2022;73(2).","PeriodicalId":18749,"journal":{"name":"Medycyna pracy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43169853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Healthcare workers highly affected during the COVID-19 epidemic wave in Poland prior to vaccination availability: seroprevalence study.","authors":"M. Rosińska, Małgorzata Stępień, Wioleta Kitowska, M. Milczarek, G. Juszczyk, Zuzanna Nowacka, Aneta Gardel, Adam Hermann, Aneta Bardoń-Błaszkowska, R. Cudnik, Hanna Czubak, Magdalena Wolniak-Bińkowska, Izabella Anna Źródłowska, M. Sadkowska-Todys","doi":"10.13075/mp.5893.01216","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13075/mp.5893.01216","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND\u0000The aim of the study was to assess seroprevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies among healthcare workers (HCW) before introduction of vaccination, in selected areas in Poland as well as to identify potential risk factors and estimate the cumulative incidence of COVID-19 infections in this population.\u0000\u0000\u0000MATERIAL AND METHODS\u0000The authors conducted a sero-epidemiological, cross-sectional study among HCW of 5 non-COVID-19 hospitals in Poland. The recruitment took place in December 1-23, 2020, all HCW at selected hospitals could volunteer into the study. All persons were screened with rapid SARS-CoV-2 IgM/IgG tests in capillary blood. In case of positive result, 5 ml of venous blood was drawn for confirmatory testing with ELISA assay. The authors estimated prevalence of laboratory confirmed anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody presence and examined factors associated with positive result. Cumulative incidence was estimated applying 2-source capture-recapture method to serology results and self-report of past infection.\u0000\u0000\u0000RESULTS\u0000Out of 1040 HCW included in the analysis, one-fourth (25.2%) received a positive result for anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies by ELISA test, the prevalence among women was 25.3% (95% CI: 22.5-28.4) and 24.6% (95% CI: 19-31.2) among men. The prevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies was the highest among respondents who declared home contact with a confirmed COVID-19 case, 43.9% (95% CI: 32.4-56.1). It was also elevated among those who indicated contact with patients with COVID-19, 32.5% (95% CI: 26.7-38.8) and business contacts, including at the workplace, 28.9% (95% CI: 22.5-36.3). The estimated cumulative incidence of COVID-19 infections in the population, using the capture-recapture method was 41.2% (95% CI: 38.1-44.2).\u0000\u0000\u0000CONCLUSIONS\u0000Healthcare workers remained at increased risk of infection largely due to work-related contacts with infected patients, although home exposure was also common. Estimated cumulative incidence is higher than the antibody prevalence, which indicates the need to monitor HCW for possible immunity waning, also post-immunization immunity. Med Pr. 2022;73(2).","PeriodicalId":18749,"journal":{"name":"Medycyna pracy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46735488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Androgen receptor modulation and bladder cancer prevention - a short review.","authors":"E. Wieczorek, A. Farooqi, E. Reszka","doi":"10.13075/mp.5893.01229","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13075/mp.5893.01229","url":null,"abstract":"The prevalence of bladder cancer (BCa) is 4 times higher in men as compared to women, and gender differences have been the focus of attention for few years. Androgen receptor (AR) may be a putative explanation for gender differences. It may also be related to unfavourable BCa progression and development because of the increased androgen sensitivity of urothelium to carcinogens. Moreover, cigarette smoking and occupational exposure to carcinogens have been reported to play contributory roles with the highest attributable risk of BCa. In this review, the authors attempt to summarize the seminal research works that synthesized current understanding of the central role of AR in the negative regulation of carcinogen detoxification activity in BCa. In particular, the authors discuss the regulatory effects of 3,3'-diindolylmethane on AR gene transcription through microRNA as its suggested effect on the prevention of BCa. Moreover, to show the still existing problem of occupational exposure and BCa incidence, the authors review recent studies in this area. Based on the rapidly accumulating scientific evidence, it seems pragmatic that androgen/AR-mediated interference in the detoxification mechanism may be inhibited by phytochemicals. Therefore, collectively, nutrition has a key role as gene-nutrient interactions are important contributors to BCa prevention, also through epigenetic modifications. Here, the authors have derived suggestions for future research. Med Pr. 2022;73(2).","PeriodicalId":18749,"journal":{"name":"Medycyna pracy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48474511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The angle of trunk rotation and symmetry of a lower limb loading in musicians of a symphony orchestra in Poland: a pilot study concerning instrument-specific results.","authors":"A. Kaczorowska, Magdalena Kornek, A. Mroczek, Ewelina Lepsy, A. Radajewska","doi":"10.13075/mp.5893.01230","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13075/mp.5893.01230","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND\u0000The study aimed to evaluate the angle of trunk rotation (ATR) and symmetry of lower limb loading in professional musicians.\u0000\u0000\u0000MATERIAL AND METHODS\u0000A total of 60 instrumentalists were examined: cellists, violinists and musicians playing wind instruments. The scoliometer examination was used to assess trunk asymmetry. The angle of trunk rotation was measured at segment: Th1-Th4, Th5-Th12, and Th12-L4. The maximum value (ATR max) and the sum of three rotations (STR) were calculated. Two scales were used to assess the symmetry of lower limb loading. Loading symmetry index (LSI) of the lower limb was calculated.\u0000\u0000\u0000RESULTS\u0000Violinists have the highest mean values of ATR, ATR max, STR and LSI and musicians playing wind instruments have the lowest mean values. In the group of violinists and musicians playing wind instruments, a positive correlation was found between playing experience and ATR Th1-Th4.\u0000\u0000\u0000CONCLUSIONS\u0000The body position during playing violin and cello may increase the angle of trunk rotation and the lower limb loading's asymmetry. Med Pr. 2022;73(2).","PeriodicalId":18749,"journal":{"name":"Medycyna pracy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42037384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The relationship between the manifestations of mobbing and reactions of mobbing victims.","authors":"Lidia Grzesiuk,&nbsp;Agnieszka Szymańska,&nbsp;Justyna Jastrzębska,&nbsp;Małgorzata Rutkowska","doi":"10.13075/mp.5893.01002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13075/mp.5893.01002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The study concerned workplace mobbing, a phenomenon affecting about 3-20% of the Polish population. The aim of the article is to distinguish the manifestations of mobbing, to study the coexistence of mobbing manifestations, and to search for the relationships between the symptoms of mobbing, reactions to mobbing and methods of dealing with mobbing used by victims.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Information on the above variables was obtained using a questionnaire on mobbing, risk factors, and responses to mobbing. The questionnaire was completed by 781 people (women: 66%, men: 34%). The average age of the respondents was 29 years. The current statistical analysis included: distinguishing the manifestations of mobbing by means of a confirmatory factor analysis, studying the coexistence of mobbing manifestations by means of a cluster analysis, and detecting the relationships between mobbing manifestations, reactions to mobbing and ways of dealing with it based on the system of structural equations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results of the research revealed 3 categories of relationships: a co-occurrence of mobbing manifestations, a relationship of mobbing manifestations with reactions to mobbing, and a relationship of mobbing reactions with methods of dealing with mobbing.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Mobbing was found in 22% of the examined group. The study revealed the existence of 5 clusters of mobbing manifestations (i.e., subgroups of respondents characterized by experiencing at least 1 of the mobbing manifestations). In the most numerous clusters in which the symptoms of mobbing were diagnosed, unfriendly working conditions prevailed. In the context of mobbing, people were found to more often react with passivity or with using interpersonal coping methods. However, they rarely turned to institutions for help or used aggression against the mobber. Med Pr. 2022;73(1):1-12.</p>","PeriodicalId":18749,"journal":{"name":"Medycyna pracy","volume":"73 1","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39775082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Influence of storage conditions and usage time on the quality of lead rubber].","authors":"Sandra Małgorzata Modlińska,&nbsp;Joanna Bosowska,&nbsp;Maciej Cebula","doi":"10.13075/mp.5893.01121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13075/mp.5893.01121","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Lead aprons, as a type of individual radiological shields, are designed to protect the body against the negative effects of ionizing radiation. In order for the individual shields to fulfill their task, the weakening of the X-ray beam should be as high as possible. Previous reports have indicated the possibility of significant defects even among newly purchased aprons. The aim of the study was to analyze the influence of storage conditions and usage time on the permeability of lead aprons.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>The analysis covered 11 lead aprons used by the staff and patients of the Department of Radiodiagnostics and Interventional Radiology of the Central Clinical Hospital in Katowice, Poland. The dependent variable was the average pixel value, and the grouping variables included the storage method, age and thickness of the apron, and the type of its user.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Statistically significant differences were found between the weakening value of the X-ray beam of individual aprons, and their storage conditions and age.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Aprons stored in a hanging position show a greater degree of weakening of the X-ray beam, and thus a higher degree of worker protection, compared to aprons stored otherwise. The age of the apron affects its protective properties. Med Pr. 2022;73(1):13-7.</p>","PeriodicalId":18749,"journal":{"name":"Medycyna pracy","volume":"73 1","pages":"13-17"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39839336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[A dancer, a groomer, a folk artist and a viola player - case reports of occupational musculoskeletal and peripheral nervous system diseases].","authors":"Monika Najder-Gawlik,&nbsp;Marta Wiszniewska,&nbsp;Agnieszka Lipińska-Ojrzanowska","doi":"10.13075/mp.5893.01197","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13075/mp.5893.01197","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Work-related diseases of the musculoskeletal and the peripheral nervous system are classified as overload cumulative microtrauma diseases, resulting from chronic overload and/or damage of specific neuromusculoskeletal structures. Occupational activities which predispose to them are characterised by monotypy (repetition of movements during a significant part of the working shift). Authors described 4 cases of women with musculoskeletal and peripheral nervous system disorders qualified as occupational background just in the 2nd instance of medical certification. Detailed analysis of occupational exposure and medical interview with individual diagnostic approach allowed to determine the occupational etiology of diseases, regardless of non-occupational risk factors in some cases, even if the workstation was not common. Difficulties in estimating the probability of disease process induction on the background of occupational exposure are caused by frequent coexistence of non-occupational risk factors. The 2-tier system of certification provides an independent evaluation of medical history and occupational exposure. Med Pr. 2022;73(1):71-8.</p>","PeriodicalId":18749,"journal":{"name":"Medycyna pracy","volume":"73 1","pages":"71-78"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39661451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}