{"title":"The Intergenerational Effects of Requiring Unemployment Benefit Recipients to Engage in Non-Search Activities","authors":"D. Cobb-Clark, Sarah C. Dahmann, Anne C Gielen","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3679679","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3679679","url":null,"abstract":"We use a quasi-experimental design and national administrative data to analyze the intergenerational effects of introducing non-search activity requirements for unemployment benefit recipients. The Mutual Obligations Initiative (MOI) required people aged 18-34 receiving unemployment benefits to undertake a range of non-search activities (e.g., volunteering, training) in addition to job search. The young adults (aged 23-28) we study were in early adolescence in 1999 when the MOI was introduced. Using a regression discontinuity approach, we find that those young adults whose fathers were subject to the MOI have a lower incidence of unemployment benefit receipt in comparison to those whose fathers were not. More detailed investigation suggests that completion of the mandated activities, role modeling, changes in attitudes, improved health, and greater support and stability are potential channels for this effect.","PeriodicalId":187399,"journal":{"name":"Disability Income & Work Injury Compensation eJournal","volume":"2 30","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"113963291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Supplemental Security Income and Children","authors":"D. Weaver","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3517480","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3517480","url":null,"abstract":"In 2018, 1.1 million children under the age of 18 received Supplemental Security Income (SSI) benefits. Children qualify for SSI if their families have limited income and assets and the children have medically-determinable conditions that result in marked and severe functional limitations. In this study, I use recent data from the Survey of Income and Program Participation and the Disability Analysis File to measure the demographic, economic, educational, health, and social characteristics of children receiving SSI. Relative to other children, I find SSI children have high rates of poverty, near poverty, material hardship, hospitalization, mortality, and adverse schooling outcomes. Relative to other parents, parents of SSI children are more likely to have a disability of their own and less likely to be married, working, or with education beyond high school. Within the SSI child population, I find children in households where family members also receive SSI to have higher levels of material hardship. The study concludes with a comparison of findings to the research literature and a policy discussion.","PeriodicalId":187399,"journal":{"name":"Disability Income & Work Injury Compensation eJournal","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129846545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Universal Basic Income: A Review","authors":"Usman W. Chohan","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.3013634","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.3013634","url":null,"abstract":"Universal Basic Income is a long-standing umbrella concept that is attracting ever more attention in light of the prognostications of a dire future wherein economic inequality is greatly exacerbated by various socioeconomic and technological factors. This discussion paper provides a synthesis of the salient literature and thus provides a timely review.","PeriodicalId":187399,"journal":{"name":"Disability Income & Work Injury Compensation eJournal","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117198188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Financing for Health Coverage in India: Issues and Concerns","authors":"I. Gupta, S. Chowdhury","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2858718","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2858718","url":null,"abstract":"The paper explores the trends, composition, and incidence of out-of-pocket health expenditure (OOPHE) in India, which has been the predominant means of financing its health care needs. Unit-level data from the National Sample Survey on Household Consumer Expenditure for the years 1993–94, 2004–05, and 2011–12 are used.","PeriodicalId":187399,"journal":{"name":"Disability Income & Work Injury Compensation eJournal","volume":"135 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128638685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Social Program Substitution and Optimal Policy","authors":"Nicholas Lawson","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2585066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2585066","url":null,"abstract":"The large size and rate of growth of the US Disability Insurance (DI) system makes it important to understand the factors that influence the decision to apply for DI. In a context of imperfect DI screening, the generosity of other social programs can play a role in this decision, and one empirically relevant factor is the availability and generosity of Unemployment Insurance (UI) benefits. UI's impact on DI applications and enrollment has been ignored in welfare analyses of UI, but I show that it leads to significantly altered results: the optimal level of unemployment benefits increases by about 50%, as more generous UI prevents workers from applying for DI, with significant cost savings to the government. The same logic applies to a wide variety of other social programs and contexts, and in a more general model I show that the impact of any such program on welfare can be expressed in terms of its redistributional effect and its effects on the tax base and on enrollment on other programs.","PeriodicalId":187399,"journal":{"name":"Disability Income & Work Injury Compensation eJournal","volume":"69 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125091360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Mcinnes, Orgul D. Ozturk, S. McDermott, J. Mann
{"title":"Doing More with Less: Improved Targeting of Social Programs for Maximum Impact","authors":"M. Mcinnes, Orgul D. Ozturk, S. McDermott, J. Mann","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1737490","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1737490","url":null,"abstract":"Social programs are increasingly asked to do more with less, but how is this possible? In this paper we consider one such program, supported employment, which is designed to increase employment among adults with intellectual disabilities. We estimate a model which allows for heterogeneous benefits from participation which in turn is allowed to affect the individual's decision to participate. We find that the average treatment effects for the population exceed that of the treated group. The contribution of this paper is to develop alternative schemes for targeting program resources and to measure any gains that result. In our simulations, we find employment under the current program is 1.38%, and this could be increased to an upper bound of 17.1% by an omniscient program administrator who can perfectly target those who gain most. While we assume that program administrators know more about individual program participants than we do, we can consider an administrator who has only the information available to the econometrician. In this case, targeting gains based only on observable characteristics would lead to 12.4% employment. Surprisingly, a simple rule that only requires administrators to predict employment success when treated (based on observables) will achieve almost the same results.","PeriodicalId":187399,"journal":{"name":"Disability Income & Work Injury Compensation eJournal","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129951077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Does Experience Rating Reduce Disability Inflow?","authors":"Tomi Kyyrä, Juha Tuomala","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2284656","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2284656","url":null,"abstract":"This study explores whether the experience rating of employers' disability insurance premiums affects the inflow of older employees to disability benefits in Finland. To identify the causal effect of experience rating, we exploit a pension reform that extended the coverage of the experience-rated premiums. The results show that a new disability benefit claim can cause substantial cost to the former employer through an increased premium. Nonetheless, we find no evidence of the significant effects of experience rating on the disability inflow. The lack of the behavioral effects may be due to the complexity of experience rating calculations and/or limited employer awareness.","PeriodicalId":187399,"journal":{"name":"Disability Income & Work Injury Compensation eJournal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130612793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Does Access to Health Insurance Influence Work Effort Among Disability Cash Benefit Recipients?","authors":"Norma B. Coe, K. Rupp","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.2248021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.2248021","url":null,"abstract":"There is considerable policy concern about “DI lock” – that tying public health insurance coverage to cash disability benefit receipt contributes to the low exit rates due to work. This concern led Congress to institute continued health insurance eligibility after disability beneficiaries leave the cash-benefit rolls for work-related reasons. However, unlike the long literature on “job lock,” the importance of the DI lock hypothesis – either before or after these extensions – has remained unquantified. This paper tests whether “perceived DI lock” remains among disability beneficiaries, and whether state health insurance policies help alleviate the problem and encourage work among beneficiaries. The analysis includes both DI and SSI beneficiaries and tests if there are differential patterns between the two programs. We exploit state variation in the access and cost of health insurance caused by regulation of the non-group market, the existence of Medicaid buy-in programs, and Medicaid generosity, as well as detailed disability and health insurance program interactions. While we find little evidence overall of persistent DI-lock, heterogeneity is very important in this context. Our estimates suggest that increasing health insurance access does increase the likelihood of positive earnings among a subset of disability beneficiaries. We find evidence of SSI lock among beneficiaries with some Medicaid expenditures and find that both non-group health insurance regulation and generous Medicaid eligibility help alleviate the problem. We find evidence of remaining DI lock among individuals who do not have access to supplemental health insurance outside of Medicare. Medicaid buy-in programs alleviate the remaining DI lock.","PeriodicalId":187399,"journal":{"name":"Disability Income & Work Injury Compensation eJournal","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116834753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"SSI for Disabled Immigrants: Why Do Ethnic Networks Matter?","authors":"D. Furtado, Nikolaos Theodoropoulos","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2226648","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2226648","url":null,"abstract":"Immigrants residing among many people who share their ethnic background are especially likely to receive Supplemental Security Income (SSI) for a disability when they belong to high SSI take-up immigrant groups. After showing that this relationship cannot be fully explained by differences in health, we consider the likely sources of these network effects by separately examining their role in the decision to apply for SSI and, conditional on applying, their role in determining who ultimately receives benefits. Our results suggest that networks may increase the probability of applying for SSI despite minor disabilities, but it is unlikely that network effects are driven by egregious lies on applications.","PeriodicalId":187399,"journal":{"name":"Disability Income & Work Injury Compensation eJournal","volume":"119 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122058482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Mental Stress Induced Mental Injury Under the Louisiana Workers' Compensation Law: Striking a Right Social Policy Balance","authors":"K. K. Orie","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.1962762","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.1962762","url":null,"abstract":"The Louisiana State workers’ compensation law strives to balance the interests of employers and their employees for the benefit of the larger society. On the one hand, employers must be encouraged to be in business by protecting them from injured employees’ lawsuits that could bankrupt them. On the other hand, the employees must be guaranteed some measure of compensation for injury or illness they suffer in the workplace. Both outcomes are beneficial social policy goals. However, the balance is more delicate in cases of mental stress induced mental injury or illness without any physical injury (i.e. mental/mental injury) partly because it can be easily feigned. To guard against feigned mental/mental injury while supposedly allowing genuine mental/mental injury claim, the Louisiana law raises the standard for recovery in this kind of claims too high. A representative survey of these claims shows a disproportionately high rate of denial than recovery even in genuine mental/mental injury cases, raising the question of whether a right balance is being struck between the interests of employers and employees in ways supportive of the social policy goals of the workers’ compensation scheme. While the one case examined in which recovery was allowed had a third party element, it is unlikely that this could begin a trend in more recovery for genuine mental/mental injury claims. Therefore, the Louisiana legislature should revisit the standard along the lines suggested in this article to create a right balance in light of the beneficial social policy goals.","PeriodicalId":187399,"journal":{"name":"Disability Income & Work Injury Compensation eJournal","volume":"116 39","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"113945177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}