Molecular Biology of the Cell最新文献

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FHOD-1 and profilin protect sarcomeres against contraction-induced deformation in C. elegans. FHOD-1 和 profilin 可保护秀丽隐杆线虫的肌节免受收缩引起的变形。
IF 3.3 3区 生物学
Molecular Biology of the Cell Pub Date : 2024-09-11 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e24-04-0145
Michael J Kimmich,Sumana Sundaramurthy,Meaghan A Geary,Leila Lesanpezeshki,Curtis V Yingling,Siva A Vanapalli,Ryan S Littlefield,David Pruyne
{"title":"FHOD-1 and profilin protect sarcomeres against contraction-induced deformation in C. elegans.","authors":"Michael J Kimmich,Sumana Sundaramurthy,Meaghan A Geary,Leila Lesanpezeshki,Curtis V Yingling,Siva A Vanapalli,Ryan S Littlefield,David Pruyne","doi":"10.1091/mbc.e24-04-0145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e24-04-0145","url":null,"abstract":"Formin HOmology Domain 2-containing (FHOD) proteins are a subfamily of actin-organizing formins important for striated muscle development in many animals. We showed previously that absence of the sole FHOD protein, FHOD-1, from Caenorhabditis elegans results in thin body wall muscles with misshapen dense bodies that serve as sarcomere Z-lines. We demonstrate here that mutations predicted to specifically disrupt actin polymerization by FHOD-1 similarly disrupt muscle development, and that FHOD-1 cooperates with profilin PFN-3 for dense body morphogenesis, and with profilins PFN-2 and PFN-3 to promote body wall muscle growth. We further demonstrate that dense bodies in worms lacking FHOD-1 or PFN-2/PFN-3 are less stable than in wild type animals, having a higher proportion of dynamic protein, and becoming distorted by prolonged muscle contraction. We also observe accumulation of actin and actin depolymerization factor/cofilin homolog UNC-60B in body wall muscle of these mutants. Such accumulations may indicate targeted disassembly of thin filaments dislodged from unstable dense bodies, possibly accounting for the abnormally slow growth and reduced body wall muscle strength in fhod-1 mutants. Overall, these results implicate FHOD protein-mediated actin assembly in forming stable sarcomere Z-lines, and identify profilin as a new contributor to FHOD activity in striated muscle development.","PeriodicalId":18735,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Biology of the Cell","volume":"5 1","pages":"mbcE24040145"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142184289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The prolyl isomerase FKBP11 is a secretory translocon accessory factor. 脯氨酰异构酶 FKBP11 是一种分泌性转座子附属因子。
IF 3.3 3区 生物学
Molecular Biology of the Cell Pub Date : 2024-09-11 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e24-07-0305
Amanda DiGuilio,Ben Cheng,Frank Zhong,Roshan Jha,Yu Wan,Andrei Anghel,Hong Hu,Evgenia Shishkova,Zhe Ji,Joshua J Coon,Robert J Keenan
{"title":"The prolyl isomerase FKBP11 is a secretory translocon accessory factor.","authors":"Amanda DiGuilio,Ben Cheng,Frank Zhong,Roshan Jha,Yu Wan,Andrei Anghel,Hong Hu,Evgenia Shishkova,Zhe Ji,Joshua J Coon,Robert J Keenan","doi":"10.1091/mbc.e24-07-0305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e24-07-0305","url":null,"abstract":"Eukaryotic cells encode thousands of secretory and membrane proteins, many of which are cotranslationally translocated into or across the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Nascent polypeptides entering the ER encounter a network of molecular chaperones and enzymes that facilitate their folding. A rate-limiting step for some proteins is the trans-to-cis isomerization of the peptide bond between proline and the residue preceding it. The human ER contains six prolyl isomerases, but the function, organization and substrate range of these proteins is not clear. Here we show that the metazoan-specific, prolyl isomerase FKBP11 binds to ribosome-translocon complexes (RTCs) in the ER membrane, dependent on its single transmembrane domain (TMD) and a conserved, positively charged region at its cytosolic C-terminus. High throughput mRNA sequencing shows selective engagement with ribosomes synthesizing secretory and membrane proteins with long translocated segments, and functional analysis shows reduced stability of two such proteins, EpCAM and PTTG1IP, in cells depleted of FKBP11. We propose that FKBP11 is a translocon accessory factor that acts on a broad range of soluble secretory and transmembrane proteins during their synthesis at the ER.","PeriodicalId":18735,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Biology of the Cell","volume":"10 1","pages":"mbcE24070305"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142184291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The GTP-tubulin cap is not the determinant of microtubule end stability in cells. GTP-微管蛋白帽并非细胞中微管末端稳定性的决定因素。
IF 3.3 3区 生物学
Molecular Biology of the Cell Pub Date : 2024-09-11 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e24-07-0307
Anna Cassidy,Veronica Farmer,Göker Arpağ,Marija Zanic
{"title":"The GTP-tubulin cap is not the determinant of microtubule end stability in cells.","authors":"Anna Cassidy,Veronica Farmer,Göker Arpağ,Marija Zanic","doi":"10.1091/mbc.e24-07-0307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e24-07-0307","url":null,"abstract":"Microtubules are dynamic cytoskeletal polymers essential for cell division, motility, and intracellular transport. Microtubule dynamics are characterized by dynamic instability-the ability of individual microtubules to switch between phases of growth and shrinkage. Dynamic instability can be explained by the GTP-cap model, suggesting that a 'cap' of GTP-tubulin subunits at the growing microtubule end has a stabilizing effect, protecting against microtubule catastrophe-the switch from growth to shrinkage. Although the GTP-cap is thought to protect the growing microtubule end, whether the GTP-cap size affects microtubule stability in cells is not known. Notably, a family of microtubule end-binding proteins, EBs, recognize the nucleotide state of tubulin and display comet-like localization at growing microtubule ends, which can be used as a proxy for the GTP-cap. Here, we employ high spatiotemporal resolution imaging to compare the relationship between EB comet size and microtubule dynamics in interphase LLC-PK1 cells to that measured in vitro. Our data reveal that the GTP-cap size in cells scales with the microtubule growth rate in the same way as in vitro. However, we find that microtubule ends in cells can withstand transition to catastrophe even after the EB comet is lost. Thus, our findings suggest that the presence of the GTP-cap is not the determinant of microtubule end stability in cells.","PeriodicalId":18735,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Biology of the Cell","volume":"58 1","pages":"mbcE24070307"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142184292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Big1 is a newly identified autophagy regulator that is critical for a fully functional V-ATPase. Big1 是一种新发现的自噬调节因子,对于 V-ATP 酶的全面发挥作用至关重要。
IF 3.3 3区 生物学
Molecular Biology of the Cell Pub Date : 2024-09-11 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e24-04-0189
Yuchen Lei,Ying Yang,Zhihai Zhang,Ruoxi Zhang,Xinxin Song,Sami N Malek,Daolin Tang,Daniel J Klionsky
{"title":"Big1 is a newly identified autophagy regulator that is critical for a fully functional V-ATPase.","authors":"Yuchen Lei,Ying Yang,Zhihai Zhang,Ruoxi Zhang,Xinxin Song,Sami N Malek,Daolin Tang,Daniel J Klionsky","doi":"10.1091/mbc.e24-04-0189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e24-04-0189","url":null,"abstract":"The vacuolar H+-translocating ATPase (V-ATPase) is the major proton pump for intra-organellar acidification. Therefore, the integrity of the V-ATPase is closely associated with cellular homeostasis, and mutations in genes encoding V-ATPase components and assembly factors have been reported in certain types of diseases. For instance, the recurrent mutations of ATP6AP1, a gene encoding a V-ATPase accessory protein, have been associated with cancers and immunodeficiency. With the aim of studying V-ATPase-related mutations using the yeast model system, we report that Big1 is another homolog of ATP6AP1 in yeast cells, and we characterize the role of Big1 in maintaining a fully functional V-ATPase. In addition to its role in acidifying the vacuole or lysosome, our data support the concept that the V-ATPase may function as part of a signaling pathway to regulate macroautophagy/autophagy through a mechanism that is independent from Tor/MTOR.","PeriodicalId":18735,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Biology of the Cell","volume":"1 1","pages":"mbcE24040189"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142184290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Cytoplasmic preassembly of the flagellar outer dynein arm complex in Trypanosoma brucei. 布氏锥虫鞭毛外动力臂复合体的细胞质预组装。
IF 3.1 3区 生物学
Molecular Biology of the Cell Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-18 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.E24-06-0263
Karthika Balasubramaniam, Tingting He, Helen Chen, Zhewang Lin, Cynthia Y He
{"title":"Cytoplasmic preassembly of the flagellar outer dynein arm complex in <i>Trypanosoma brucei</i>.","authors":"Karthika Balasubramaniam, Tingting He, Helen Chen, Zhewang Lin, Cynthia Y He","doi":"10.1091/mbc.E24-06-0263","DOIUrl":"10.1091/mbc.E24-06-0263","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The outer dynein arm (ODA) is a large, multimeric protein complex essential for ciliary motility. The composition and assembly of ODA are best characterized in the green algae <i>Chlamydomonas reinhardtii,</i> where individual ODA subunits are synthesized and preassembled into a mature complex in the cytosol prior to ciliary import. The single-cellular parasite <i>Trypanosoma brucei</i> contains a motile flagellum essential for cell locomotion and pathogenesis. Similar to human motile cilia, <i>T. brucei</i> flagellum contains a two-headed ODA complex arranged at 24 nm intervals along the axonemal microtubule doublets. The subunit composition and the preassembly of the ODA complex in <i>T. brucei,</i> however, have not been investigated. In this study, we affinity-purified the ODA complex from <i>T. brucei</i> cytoplasmic extract<i>.</i> Proteomic analyses revealed the presence of two heavy chains (ODAα and ODAβ), two intermediate chains (IC1and IC2) and several light chains. We showed that both heavy chains and both intermediate chains are indispensable for flagellar ODA assembly. Our study also provided biochemical evidence supporting the presence of a cytoplasmic, preassembly pathway for <i>T. brucei</i> ODA<i>.</i></p>","PeriodicalId":18735,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Biology of the Cell","volume":" ","pages":"br16"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11449384/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141723948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Measurement of solubility product reveals the interplay of oligomerization and self-association for defining condensate formation. 溶度积的测量揭示了低聚物和自结合在确定凝结物形成方面的相互作用。
IF 3.1 3区 生物学
Molecular Biology of the Cell Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-24 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.E24-01-0030
Aniruddha Chattaraj, Zeynep Baltaci, Steve Chung, Bruce J Mayer, Leslie M Loew, Jonathon A Ditlev
{"title":"Measurement of solubility product reveals the interplay of oligomerization and self-association for defining condensate formation.","authors":"Aniruddha Chattaraj, Zeynep Baltaci, Steve Chung, Bruce J Mayer, Leslie M Loew, Jonathon A Ditlev","doi":"10.1091/mbc.E24-01-0030","DOIUrl":"10.1091/mbc.E24-01-0030","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cellular condensates often consist of 10s to 100s of distinct interacting molecular species. Because of the complexity of these interactions, predicting the point at which they will undergo phase separation is daunting. Using experiments and computation, we therefore studied a simple model system consisting of polySH3 and polyPRM designed for pentavalent heterotypic binding. We tested whether the peak solubility product, or the product of the dilute phase concentration of each component, is a predictive parameter for the onset of phase separation. Titrating up equal total concentrations of each component showed that the maximum solubility product does approximately coincide with the threshold for phase separation in both experiments and models. However, we found that measurements of dilute phase concentration include small oligomers and monomers; therefore, a quantitative comparison of the experiments and models required inclusion of small oligomers in the model analysis. Even with the inclusion of small polyPRM and polySH3 oligomers, models did not predict experimental results. This led us to perform dynamic light scattering experiments, which revealed homotypic binding of polyPRM. Addition of this interaction to our model recapitulated the experimentally observed asymmetry. Thus, comparing experiments with simulation reveals that the solubility product can be predictive of the interactions underlying phase separation, even if small oligomers and low affinity homotypic interactions complicate the analysis.</p>","PeriodicalId":18735,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Biology of the Cell","volume":" ","pages":"ar122"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11449392/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141752085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Dysregulation of ceramide metabolism causes phytoceramide-dependent induction of the unfolded protein response. 神经酰胺代谢失调导致植物神经酰胺依赖性地诱导折叠蛋白反应
IF 3.1 3区 生物学
Molecular Biology of the Cell Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-18 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.E24-03-0121
Tamayanthi Rajakumar, Md Amin Hossain, Sylwia A Stopka, Yagmur Micoogullari, Jessie Ang, Nathalie Y R Agar, John Hanna
{"title":"Dysregulation of ceramide metabolism causes phytoceramide-dependent induction of the unfolded protein response.","authors":"Tamayanthi Rajakumar, Md Amin Hossain, Sylwia A Stopka, Yagmur Micoogullari, Jessie Ang, Nathalie Y R Agar, John Hanna","doi":"10.1091/mbc.E24-03-0121","DOIUrl":"10.1091/mbc.E24-03-0121","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The unfolded protein response (UPR) detects and mitigates the harmful effects of dysregulated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) function. The UPR has been best characterized as a protein quality control response, and the sole UPR sensor in yeast, Ire1, is known to detect misfolded ER proteins. However, recent work suggests the UPR can also sense diverse defects within the ER membrane, including increased fatty acid saturation and altered phospholipid abundance. These and other lipid-related stimuli have been referred to as lipid bilayer stress and may be sensed independently through Ire1's transmembrane domain. Here, we show that the loss of Isc1, a phospholipase that catabolizes complex ceramides, causes UPR induction, even in the absence of exogenous stress. A series of chemical and genetic approaches identified a requirement for very long-chain fatty acid (VLCFA)-containing phytoceramides for UPR induction. In parallel, comprehensive lipidomics analyses identified large increases in the abundance of specific VLCFA-containing phytoceramides in the <i>isc1Δ</i> mutant. We failed to identify evidence of an accompanying defect in protein quality control or ER-associated protein degradation. These results extend our understanding of lipid bilayer stress in the UPR and provide a foundation for mechanistic investigation of this fascinating intersection between ceramide metabolism, membrane homeostasis, and the UPR.</p>","PeriodicalId":18735,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Biology of the Cell","volume":" ","pages":"ar117"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11449394/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141723949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The LCLAT1/LYCAT acyltransferase is required for EGF-mediated phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate generation and Akt signaling. LCLAT1/LYCAT酰基转移酶是 EGF 介导的磷脂酰肌醇-3,4,5-三磷酸酯生成和 Akt 信号传导所必需的。
IF 3.1 3区 生物学
Molecular Biology of the Cell Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-18 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.E23-09-0361
Victoria Chan, Cristina Camardi, Kai Zhang, Laura A Orofiamma, Karen E Anderson, Jafarul Hoque, Leslie N Bone, Yasmin Awadeh, Daniel K C Lee, Norman J Fu, Jonathan T S Chow, Leonardo Salmena, Len R Stephens, Phillip T Hawkins, Costin N Antonescu, Roberto J Botelho
{"title":"The LCLAT1/LYCAT acyltransferase is required for EGF-mediated phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate generation and Akt signaling.","authors":"Victoria Chan, Cristina Camardi, Kai Zhang, Laura A Orofiamma, Karen E Anderson, Jafarul Hoque, Leslie N Bone, Yasmin Awadeh, Daniel K C Lee, Norman J Fu, Jonathan T S Chow, Leonardo Salmena, Len R Stephens, Phillip T Hawkins, Costin N Antonescu, Roberto J Botelho","doi":"10.1091/mbc.E23-09-0361","DOIUrl":"10.1091/mbc.E23-09-0361","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Receptor tyrosine kinases such as EGF receptor (EGFR) stimulate phosphoinositide 3 kinases to convert phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosophate [PtdIns(4,5)P<sub>2</sub>] into phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate [PtdIns(3,4,5)P<sub>3</sub>]. PtdIns(3,4,5)P<sub>3</sub> then remodels actin and gene expression, and boosts cell survival and proliferation. PtdIns(3,4,5)P<sub>3</sub> partly achieves these functions by triggering activation of the kinase Akt, which phosphorylates targets like Tsc2 and GSK3β. Consequently, unchecked upregulation of PtdIns(3,4,5)P<sub>3</sub>-Akt signaling promotes tumor progression. Interestingly, 50-70% of PtdIns and PtdInsPs have stearate and arachidonate at <i>sn</i>-1 and <i>sn</i>-2 positions of glycerol, respectively, forming a species known as 38:4-PtdIns/PtdInsPs. LCLAT1 and MBOAT7 acyltransferases partly enrich PtdIns in this acyl format. We previously showed that disruption of LCLAT1 lowered PtdIns(4,5)P<sub>2</sub> levels and perturbed endocytosis and endocytic trafficking. However, the role of LCLAT1 in receptor tyrosine kinase and PtdIns(3,4,5)P<sub>3</sub> signaling was not explored. Here, we show that LCLAT1 silencing in MDA-MB-231 and ARPE-19 cells abated the levels of PtdIns(3,4,5)P<sub>3</sub> in response to EGF signaling. Importantly, LCLAT1-silenced cells were also impaired for EGF-driven and insulin-driven Akt activation and downstream signaling. Thus, our work provides first evidence that the LCLAT1 acyltransferase is required for receptor tyrosine kinase signaling.</p>","PeriodicalId":18735,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Biology of the Cell","volume":" ","pages":"ar118"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11449395/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141723952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
γ-tubulin complex controls the nucleation of tubulin-based structures in Apicomplexa. γ-微管蛋白复合物控制着微管蛋白结构的成核。
IF 3.1 3区 生物学
Molecular Biology of the Cell Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-24 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.E24-03-0100
Romuald Haase, Annet Puthenpurackal, Bohumil Maco, Amandine Guérin, Dominique Soldati-Favre
{"title":"γ-tubulin complex controls the nucleation of tubulin-based structures in Apicomplexa.","authors":"Romuald Haase, Annet Puthenpurackal, Bohumil Maco, Amandine Guérin, Dominique Soldati-Favre","doi":"10.1091/mbc.E24-03-0100","DOIUrl":"10.1091/mbc.E24-03-0100","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Apicomplexan parasites rely on tubulin structures throughout their cell and life cycles, particularly in the polymerization of spindle microtubules to separate the replicated nucleus into daughter cells. Additionally, tubulin structures, including conoid and subpellicular microtubules, provide the necessary rigidity and structure for dissemination and host cell invasion. However, it is unclear whether these tubulin structures are nucleated via a highly conserved γ-tubulin complex or through a specific process unique to apicomplexans. This study demonstrates that <i>Toxoplasma</i> γ-tubulin is responsible for nucleating spindle microtubules, akin to higher eukaryotes, facilitating nucleus division in newly formed parasites. Interestingly, γ-tubulin colocalizes with nascent conoid and subpellicular microtubules during division, potentially nucleating these structures as well. Loss of γ-tubulin results in significant morphological defects due to impaired nucleus scission and the loss of conoid and subpellicular microtubule nucleation, crucial for parasite shape and rigidity. Additionally, the nucleation process of tubulin structures involves a concerted action of γ-tubulin and Gamma Tubulin Complex proteins (GCPs), recapitulating the localization and phenotype of γ-tubulin. This study also introduces new molecular markers for cytoskeletal structures and applies iterative expansion microscopy to reveal microtubule-based architecture in <i>Cryptosporidium parvum</i> sporozoites, further demonstrating the conserved localization and probable function of γ-tubulin in <i>Cryptosporidium</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":18735,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Biology of the Cell","volume":" ","pages":"ar121"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11449391/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141752087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Ninein domains required for its localization, association with partners dynein and ensconsin, and microtubule organization. Ninein 的定位、与伙伴 dynein 和 ensconsin 的结合以及微管组织所需的结构域。
IF 3.1 3区 生物学
Molecular Biology of the Cell Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-18 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.E23-06-0245
Marisa M L Tillery, Chunfeng Zheng, Yiming Zheng, Timothy L Megraw
{"title":"Ninein domains required for its localization, association with partners dynein and ensconsin, and microtubule organization.","authors":"Marisa M L Tillery, Chunfeng Zheng, Yiming Zheng, Timothy L Megraw","doi":"10.1091/mbc.E23-06-0245","DOIUrl":"10.1091/mbc.E23-06-0245","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ninein (Nin) is a microtubule (MT) anchor at the subdistal appendages of mother centrioles and the pericentriolar material (PCM) of centrosomes that also functions to organize MTs at noncentrosomal MT-organizing centers (ncMTOCs). In humans, the <i>NIN</i> gene is mutated in Seckel syndrome, an inherited developmental disorder. Here, we dissect the protein domains involved in Nin's localization and interactions with dynein and ensconsin (ens/MAP7) and show that the association with ens cooperatively regulates MT assembly in <i>Drosophila</i> fat body cells. We define domains of Nin responsible for its localization to the ncMTOC on the fat body cell nuclear surface, localization within the nucleus, and association with Dynein light intermediate chain (Dlic) and ens, respectively. We show that Nin's association with ens synergistically regulates MT assembly. Together, these findings reveal novel features of Nin function and its regulation of a ncMTOC.</p>","PeriodicalId":18735,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Biology of the Cell","volume":" ","pages":"ar116"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11449388/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141723951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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