Medical Research Archives最新文献

{"title":"Are gastrointestinal signals the principal guides to human appetite and energy balance?","authors":"Katarina T Borer","doi":"10.18103/mra.v11i1.3548","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18103/mra.v11i1.3548","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In view of the exponential rise of global obesity in the past three quarters of the century, it is useful to examine what is driving this change and what approaches can curb it. The chief drivers of weight gain are, on one hand our misunderstanding of the mechanisms controlling energy balance, and, on the other, reliance on current, potentially misleading conflicting scientific opinions and government policies regarding the controls of human appetite. This review outlines the evidence that: (1) there is no direct bioenergetic feedback from energy metabolism or energy stores to the brain mechanisms guiding feeding and energy expenditure, (2) human appetite is controlled by signals originating from an empty or full stomach, food palatability and opportunities to eat as well by the rate of food absorption, that (3) humans bear a genetic burden of having high ability and capacity to store fat and mechanisms that curb body- mass and fat loss, (4) humans are motivated to overconsume while maintaining low energy expenditure, and (5) commercial interests of food businesses marketing highly palatable foods, and wide-spread mechanization of living tasks and urban design reduce the need for physical work and movement. The non-pharmacological and non-surgical solutions to obesity involve an understanding of human genetic impediments and environmental obstacles to maintaining healthy weight, coupled with deliberate corrective or preventive behaviors, such as understanding and using gastrointestinal tract signals that provide sufficient, albeit subtle, cues for sensible food intake, and using daily weight monitoring and activity tracking devices to record and motivate healthy levels of physical activity.</p>","PeriodicalId":18641,"journal":{"name":"Medical Research Archives","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10211478/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9537624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of Intestinal Parasites and Anthropometric Assessments in Preschool Children in a Region of the Istmo de Tehuantepec, Oaxaca, Mexico.","authors":"José Vega, Ricardo López, Arnulfo Galicia, Rodrigo Covarrubias, Diego Aguilar, Ana Castor, Eunice Reyes, Brenda Tellez, Alondra Valle, Héctor Fuentes","doi":"10.18103/mra.v11i8.4354","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18103/mra.v11i8.4354","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Intestinal parasites are infections that affect the digestive system, and can also affect other organs and tissues, they are transmitted by the fecal-oral route through the ingestion of cysts or eggs, present in contaminated food and beverages. In Mexico they are one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality in pediatric ages. Objective: To determine the prevalence of intestinal parasites, their socioeconomic impact and their effect on growth and development in children from a population of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec, Oaxaca. Material and Methods: An observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out in 589 children between 0-5 years of age, for 8 months, through medical examination, coproparasito-scopic studies and Méndez-Graffar questionnaire to their guardians. The EPI-INFOTM program, SPSS version 27.0 and EPIDAT 4.2 were used to perform the Chi2 and Student's t statistical tests, with a 95% confidence interval. Results: Of all the children studied, 81.49% had at least one parasitic agent, Blastocystis spp. (79%) the most prevalent. No significant difference was found between both sexes, but it was found in the age group, being the ages of 4-6 years the most parasitized in 100%. According to statistical tests, there is a direct relationship with parasitic load, development of nutritional alterations and socioeconomic conditions in which they grow. Conclusion: The community studied presented a high prevalence of these diseases associated with socioeconomic factors, which is why the implementation of prevention programs for these infections is insisted on.","PeriodicalId":18641,"journal":{"name":"Medical Research Archives","volume":"85 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135356712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of an Agricultural Entrepreneurial Training Program with 40 Military Veteran Beginning Farmers","authors":"Robert Fetsch, Cheryl Grenwelge","doi":"10.18103/mra.v11i10.4545","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18103/mra.v11i10.4545","url":null,"abstract":"Military veterans returning from war face challenges when re-entering civilian life. Our aim was to evaluate how effective an agricultural entrepreneurial training program (The Farm and Education Treatment Program) was to equip 90 returning military veterans to become self-employed in food and agriculture and secondarily to support health. While there are several agricultural entrepreneurial training programs available, there are few with the breadth, depth, and empirical outcomes of the present study. Our method used eight measures to assess pretest-posttest differences associated with becoming successfully employed in production agriculture. We assessed pretest-posttest changes before and after returning military veteran beginning farmers participated in our year-long, 188-200-hour Farm and Education Treatment Program. Our program trained two cohorts per year each with 15 participants over three years for a total of 90 participants. Especially during COVID-19 with virtual rather than in-person training, our drop-out rate was high. By the end of the three-year program, 40 military veteran beginning farmers completed the program and provided usable pretest-posttest data for a 44% response rate. Almost 88% (n =35/40) of participants were self-employed in agriculture either full-time (60%) or part-time (28%). When they began, two were full-time farmers/ranchers, one was in agricultural business, and one was a part-time farmer/rancher. Our participants’ greatest statistically significant improvements were on the Skills Assessment measure with Farming Skill Level, Crop Skill Level, and Livestock Skill Level subscales, on the Entrepreneurial Self Efficacy Marketing, Innovation, Financial Control, and Total subscales, and on the Independent Living and Working levels. These measures linked well with the overall program goal, intervention, and outcomes because the bulk of the program addressed these variables. There was no change in physical or psychological domains. We concluded that face-to-face, in-person teaching of the program was much preferred and more effective than virtual, remote teaching during COVID-19. Also eight measures with 671 items are far too many. Future researchers are encouraged to expand the training with practical, evidence-based behavioral health strategies that participants can use to improve their behavioral health and quality of life.","PeriodicalId":18641,"journal":{"name":"Medical Research Archives","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135360560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vincent: Exuberance and Despair","authors":"Marlies borg","doi":"10.18103/mra.v11i10.4513","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18103/mra.v11i10.4513","url":null,"abstract":"Dedicated to Meerten ter Borg. During Vincent van Gogh’s two months in Auvers he painted 74 masterpieces and then he shot himself. In this article, I investigate the possible connection between his ecstatic creativity and his tragic end. For this, I turn to Aristotle, who investigated the connection between warm melancholy and eminent creativity. In modern terms, it is the increased neurotransmission during a hypomanic episode that allows the magnifying of existing talent. This ‘bipolar melancholy’ can foster creativity but also lead to abrupt suicide. Attempts to find, in his letters and paintings, omens foretelling this tragedy fall short. He was exuberantly celebrating nature in his paintings creative until the last canvas. Then came a sudden slowing down of neurotransmission. His suicide was an escape from the looming depression he had experienced in Arles before deep depression made such an action impossible. The tragic fate of Vincent’s brother Theo, who succumbed to the other extreme, mania, suggests a genetic basis for this ‘ bipolar melancholy’. It was for Dr Gachet, expert in Melancholy, that Vincent moved to Auvers. He offered a broad and compassionate medical therapy, not excluding medication. Gachet’s understanding of the link between melancholy and genius was known to the van Gogh brothers. At the funeral Dr Gachet praised Vincent’s great achievements.","PeriodicalId":18641,"journal":{"name":"Medical Research Archives","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135446930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Important Considerations for ADHD ‘Patient and Public’ Involvement and Engagement in Research","authors":"Blandine French","doi":"10.18103/mra.v11i10.4477","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18103/mra.v11i10.4477","url":null,"abstract":"In this letter, we summarise key points of learning from research projects on attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) that have had patient and public involvement and engagement (PPIE) as a key part of the research process. We share learning from our experiences in delivering research working with PPIE groups with ADHD, as top tips for researchers. Our aim is to highlight the importance of including lived-experience in ADHD research, share learning and highlight some of the (potentially invisible) differences in functioning that someone with ADHD can experience in relation to attentional focus, organisation, and time management. Specifically, how these might impact working practices of PPIE groups that include people with ADHD. Lay summary: This research discusses the importance of involving individuals with ADHD in research and shares insights gained. It emphasizes the unique challenges faced by those with ADHD in terms of attention, organization, and time management, which might not always be apparent. The paper offers practical tips for researchers to better engage with ADHD groups, aiming to ensure that their experiences and perspectives are considered in the research process. In summary, it highlights the value of including firsthand experiences in ADHD research and provides guidance for researchers to enhance this inclusion.","PeriodicalId":18641,"journal":{"name":"Medical Research Archives","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135448501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Energy Drink Consumption in Adolescents is Harmful and Everyone Needs to Know Why","authors":"Mohamad Moussa, Miriam Grasso","doi":"10.18103/mra.v11i7.2.3995","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18103/mra.v11i7.2.3995","url":null,"abstract":"The consumption of energy drinks among adolescents and young adults has escalated tremendously in recent years, with increasing evidence of adverse events related to these beverages resulting in emergency department visits and, at times, catastrophic patient outcomes. While the evidence of harm has grown, little has been done to regulate the advertisement and sales of energy drinks to young people. The regulation of other substances of abuse, such as tobacco and alcohol, serve to similarly protect this young population. These policies should be used as a guide to begin to combat the problem of energy drink consumption among adolescents and young adults.","PeriodicalId":18641,"journal":{"name":"Medical Research Archives","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135828378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Public Health Implications: A Scoping Review of Opioid Prevention Programs Among Adolescents","authors":"Joseph Donnelly, Elena Saldutti, Lisa Gavin, Michael Hecht","doi":"10.18103/mra.v11i7.2.4153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18103/mra.v11i7.2.4153","url":null,"abstract":"Opioid misuse and its attendant negative consequences remain a public health challenge. This is true among all sectors of the population, and, in the U.S., it has impacted adolescent health in sometimes fatal ways. As a result, the public health sector has sought mechanisms for preventing opioid misuse, with school-based interventions emerging as one of the most viable options for intervening early and effectively. School-based substance use interventions have proven effective when implemented using a repertoire of effective strategies, however, it is unclear if those strategies have been equally effective in combatting adolescent opioid misuse. This scoping review explores school- and community- based intervention programs as well as national public awareness initiatives that support adolescent opioid education. Identification of Evidence-Based Programs (EAP) that target opioid education for adolescents has proven to be most elusive; it is our belief that no such EAP exists. Therefore, it is critical to evaluate current opioid prevention efforts in hopes to determine whether we have the appropriate tools to combat this public health issue.","PeriodicalId":18641,"journal":{"name":"Medical Research Archives","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135893987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Success in Grateful Client Philanthropy: Insights from Veterinary Faculty at North Carolina State University","authors":"Dianne Dunning, Mari-Wells Hedgpeth, David Dorman","doi":"10.18103/mra.v11i9.4301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18103/mra.v11i9.4301","url":null,"abstract":"The veterinary literature contains few publications or empiric research on the impact of grateful client philanthropy. To improve our understanding of the impact of philanthropy on veterinary medicine, we surveyed the faculty at NC State University College of Veterinary Medicine. This qualitative study involved an anonymous survey of 153 North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine faculty members administered and analyzed through an online survey software program, QualitrixXMTM. 33% (51) of faculty responded to the survey. 73% (37) of the respondents indicated that their personal interactions with clients led to gifts to their research or service and 29% (15) indicated that they have received six or more gifts from their interactions with clients of the hospital. The top three examples of direct beneficial impacts from grateful client giving were research support (13.1%), technological improvements and equipment upgrades (10.5%), and professional development (4.6%). The top three negative impacts of faculty interactions with a grateful client program were the perceived need to address the overwhelming needs of the donor (19%), the faculty’s concerns regarding the owner’s higher expectations of service (7.1%) and time (7.1%). 61.9% of the respondents did not note any negative impacts. Top three responses to donor inquiries regarding philanthropic giving were to direct the client to a development officer (76%), discuss gift opportunities with the client (45.1%), and discuss individual research needs and opportunities (19.1%). Overall, faculty reported positive impact with grateful patient philanthropy. Continued development and understanding of the philanthropic process is recommended to maximize donor support of academic medical efforts.","PeriodicalId":18641,"journal":{"name":"Medical Research Archives","volume":"7 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135954290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Case Report of Pulpitis Leading to Septic Shock, along with a Series of Cases","authors":"Akhila CNV, Ram Tirandas, C. Kirthi","doi":"10.18103/mra.v11i9.4397","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18103/mra.v11i9.4397","url":null,"abstract":"Among the diseases of oral cavity, dental caries is the most common microbial diseases affecting the individual’s teeth globally along with the periodontal disease. There could be various reasons for the delay of the treatment for dental caries which includes socioeconomic status, lack of awareness about dental diseases and dental treatments. Life style habits also play a prominent role. Delay of dental caries treatment would lead to pulpitis. Here we present a case report of a 62-year-old male patient with chronic irreversible pulpitis in relation to 36. Patient had a history of smoking and chewing paan. After a month patient died due to septic shock. We also present a few case reports of pulpitis progressing to space infections. It has been documented in the literature that, individuals with systemic diseases such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension, cardiovascular disease etc are having highest morbidity and mortality due to dental sepsis. Along with case reports in this article, we are going to make a sincere effort to provide complications of pulpitis. Thus, it would help in educating general public, budding dentists and clinicians in spreading the awareness about pulpitis and its sequeale.","PeriodicalId":18641,"journal":{"name":"Medical Research Archives","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135912981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perinatal Stroke: Clinical Pearls and Future Directions","authors":"Janette Mailo, Ratika Srivastava, Thilinie Rajapakse, Jerome Y. Yager","doi":"10.18103/mra.v11i10.3259","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18103/mra.v11i10.3259","url":null,"abstract":"Perinatal strokes are disorders of cerebral vasculature occurring in the developing brain between 20 weeks of gestation and 28 days postnatally (Raju, 2007). This review describes specific types of perinatal strokes and includes up-to-date risk factors, clinical presentations, outcomes, and management including expert consensus and controversies. We will conclude with a discussion of new research focused on optimizing the quality of life for children with stroke and their families. Perinatal stroke can present acutely and should be considered for any newborn with unexplained encephalopathy or seizures, particularly those that are focal in nature. Presumed perinatal stroke syndromes present later in infancy with motor and sensory asymmetry. In either case, neuroimaging helps identify a specific perinatal stroke syndrome. Most perinatal stroke survivors experience long-term morbidity, inclusive of cerebral palsy (CP), epilepsy, cognitive and behavioural disabilities, and visual deficits. Significant progress has been made in understanding cerebrovascular injuries of the developing brain and the role of early rehabilitation in recovery. With limited preventative and acute treatment options available, long-term neurorehabilitation continues to be the focus of treatment. Equally important is to recognize the significant psychosocial impact of perinatal stroke on the entire family. Online resources and support systems are increasingly available through national and international pediatric stroke organizations.","PeriodicalId":18641,"journal":{"name":"Medical Research Archives","volume":"143 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134890135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}