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Worldwide Regional Differences in Obesity, Elderly, and COVID-19 Mortality: Do the Exceptions Prove the Rule? 肥胖、老年人和 COVID-19 死亡率的全球地区差异:例外能证明规则吗?
Medical Research Archives Pub Date : 2023-08-01 Epub Date: 2023-08-29 DOI: 10.18103/mra.v11i8.4248
James A Koziol, Jan E Schnitzer
{"title":"Worldwide Regional Differences in Obesity, Elderly, and COVID-19 Mortality: Do the Exceptions Prove the Rule?","authors":"James A Koziol, Jan E Schnitzer","doi":"10.18103/mra.v11i8.4248","DOIUrl":"10.18103/mra.v11i8.4248","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Obesity and old age are commonly assumed to be risk factors for COVID-19 mortality. On a worldwide basis, we examine quantitative measures of obesity and elderly in the populations of individual countries and territories, and investigate whether these measures are predictive of COVID-19 mortality in those countries. In particular, we highlight regional differences relative to obesity and elderly metrics, and how these relate to COVID-19 mortality.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this retrospective, population-based study, we obtained data relating to percentages of obese or elderly individuals in 199 countries, as well as COVID-19 mortality rates in these countries. We used negative binomial regression analyses to assess associations between COVID-19 mortality rates and the putative risk factors, in six regions - Africa, Asia, Europe, North America, Oceania, and South America.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We found significant differences between regions relative to COVID-19 mortality, as well as obesity and elderly population proportions. There were also substantial differences between countries within regions relative to proportions of obesity and elderly individuals, and COVID-19 mortality.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>There are significant differences both between regions and within regions relative to COVID-19 mortality rates, as well as proportions of obese or elderly individuals. A global pronouncement that obesity and elderly constitute definitive risk factors for COVID-19 mortality masks the subtleties engendered by these intra- and inter-regional differences.</p>","PeriodicalId":18641,"journal":{"name":"Medical Research Archives","volume":"11 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10482002/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10213334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Association of Placental Histology with the Pulsatility Index of Fetal and Uteroplacental Vessels during Pregnancy and with Birthweight Z-Score. 胎盘组织学与妊娠期间胎儿和子宫胎盘血管脉搏指数及出生体重Z-Score的关系。
Medical Research Archives Pub Date : 2023-08-01 DOI: 10.18103/mra.v11i8.4238
Hein Odendaal, Lut Geerts, Colleen Wright, Drucilla J Roberts, Pawel Schubert, Theonia K Boyd, Lucy Brink, Daan Nel
{"title":"Association of Placental Histology with the Pulsatility Index of Fetal and Uteroplacental Vessels during Pregnancy and with Birthweight Z-Score.","authors":"Hein Odendaal,&nbsp;Lut Geerts,&nbsp;Colleen Wright,&nbsp;Drucilla J Roberts,&nbsp;Pawel Schubert,&nbsp;Theonia K Boyd,&nbsp;Lucy Brink,&nbsp;Daan Nel","doi":"10.18103/mra.v11i8.4238","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18103/mra.v11i8.4238","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>To compare macro- and microscopic features of the placenta with the pulsatility index (PI) of the uterine (UtA), umbilical (UA) and middle cerebral arteries at 20-24- and 34-38-weeks' gestation, and with birthweight z-scores (BWZS).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Recruitment for the Safe Passage Study, which investigated the association of alcohol and tobacco use with stillbirth and sudden infant death syndrome, occurred from August 2007 to January 2015 at community clinics in Cape Town, South Africa. The population represents a predominantly homogenous population of pregnant women from a low socioeconomic residential area. This study is a further analysis of the data of the Safe Passage Study. It consists of 1205 singleton pregnancies for which placental histology was available, of whom 1035 had a known BWZS and 1022 and 979 had fetoplacental Doppler examinations performed at Tygerberg Academic Hospital at 20-24 and 34-38 weeks respectively. Features of the placenta were assessed according to international norms.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Significantly higher ORs for the presence of individual and combined features of maternal vascular malperfusion (MVM) were found with lower BWZS and higher UtA PI values, more consistently than with higher UA PI values. Strongest associations were for a small placenta for gestational age (UtA OR 4.86 at 20-24 and 5.92 at 34-38 weeks; UA OR 5.33 at 20-24 and 27.01 at 34-38 weeks; low BWZS OR 0.31), for accelerated maturation (UtA OR 11.68 at 20-24 weeks and 18.46 at 34-38 weeks; low BWZS 0.61), for macroscopic infarction (UtA OR 6.08 at 20-24 weeks; UA OR 17.02 at 34-38 weeks; low BWZS OR 0.62) and for microscopic infarction (UtA OR 6.84 at 20-24 and 10.9 at 34-38 weeks; low BWZS OR 0.62).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>There is considerable variability in the associations between individual features of MVM and increased UtA or UA PI and low BWZS. Although all MVM features currently carry equal weight in defining the condition of MVM, our data suggest that some should carry more weight than others. Macroscopic examination of the placenta may be helpful in identifying placental insufficiency as a small placenta for gestational age and macroscopic infarction were the features most strongly associated with outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":18641,"journal":{"name":"Medical Research Archives","volume":"11 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10501112/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10653951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Managing Pregnancy and Nursing Affecting African American Women with Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Clinical Outcomes and Parenthood. 影响非裔美国女性炎症性肠病的妊娠管理和护理:临床结果和育儿。
Medical Research Archives Pub Date : 2023-06-01 Epub Date: 2023-06-26 DOI: 10.18103/mra.v11i6.3784
Amosy E M'Koma, Jamie N Ware, Rosemary K Nabaweesi, Sanika S Chirwa
{"title":"Managing Pregnancy and Nursing Affecting African American Women with Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Clinical Outcomes and Parenthood.","authors":"Amosy E M'Koma, Jamie N Ware, Rosemary K Nabaweesi, Sanika S Chirwa","doi":"10.18103/mra.v11i6.3784","DOIUrl":"10.18103/mra.v11i6.3784","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a term for two autoimmune diseases encompassing Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) which are lifelong diseases affecting more than 3 million adults (1.3%) in the United States. IBD is characterized by chronic inflammation of the whole digestive system which results in damage to the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. IBD often emerges during adolescence and young adulthood. Maternal morbidity includes physical and psychological conditions that result from or are aggravated by pregnancy and have an adverse effect on a woman's health, the baby's health or both. Some women have health challenges that arise before or during pregnancy that could lead to complications. It is recommended for women to receive health care counseling before and during pregnancy. Compared to other developed countries, the United States has the highest rate of women dying of pregnancy related complications. During the past 25 years maternal mortality has been getting worse. African American women (AAW) with and/or without IBD are dying at significantly higher rates than other groups. This is linked to several factors, i.e., systemic, institutionalized, and structural racism in health-care delivery and subsequent toxic stress from people's lived experiences of racism, limited knowledge about healthcare system function, lack of access to healthcare, (inclusiveness and insurance policies) all of which negatively impact these patients. African Americans (AAs) are also up to three times as likely to experience severe maternal morbidity: unexpected outcomes of labor and delivery, deficient or lacking prenatal care and social determinants of health like lack of transportation, adequate employment, limited literacy, and limited healthcare access contribute to poor health outcomes. Studies on IBD patients indicate Medicaid expansion is associated with reduced rates of maternal morbidity, particularly for African American Women (AAW) and increased access to preconception and prenatal services that make pregnancy and childbirth safer for parent and baby. Herein we examine the physiological changes of pregnancy in patients diagnosed with inflammatory bowel disease and their relationship perinatal outcomes and parenthood.</p>","PeriodicalId":18641,"journal":{"name":"Medical Research Archives","volume":"11 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10367541/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10354154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Psychosocial Basis of Human Sufferings and Poverty in Patients with Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders. 神经和精神疾病患者痛苦和贫困的社会心理基础。
Medical Research Archives Pub Date : 2023-05-01 DOI: 10.18103/mra.v11i5.3919
Souvik Dubey, Ritwik Ghosh, Mahua Jana Dubey, Shambaditya Das, Arka Prava Chakraborty, Arindam Santra, Ajitava Dutta, Dipayan Roy, Alak Pandit, Biman Kanti Roy, Gautam Das, Julián Benito-León
{"title":"Psychosocial Basis of Human Sufferings and Poverty in Patients with Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders.","authors":"Souvik Dubey,&nbsp;Ritwik Ghosh,&nbsp;Mahua Jana Dubey,&nbsp;Shambaditya Das,&nbsp;Arka Prava Chakraborty,&nbsp;Arindam Santra,&nbsp;Ajitava Dutta,&nbsp;Dipayan Roy,&nbsp;Alak Pandit,&nbsp;Biman Kanti Roy,&nbsp;Gautam Das,&nbsp;Julián Benito-León","doi":"10.18103/mra.v11i5.3919","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18103/mra.v11i5.3919","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Neurological disorders and psychiatric ailments often lead to cognitive disabilities and low attainment of education, pivoting misconceptions, myths, and misbeliefs. Poverty and low educational attainment are intriguingly associated with poor awareness and perception of these diseases that add to the suffering. Poverty goes parallel with a low level of education and is intricately associated with neuropsychiatric ailments, which have the potential to spread transgenerationally. Robust education policies, proper government rules and regulations against the spread of disease-related myths and misconceptions, uplifting medical education in its true sense, voices against consanguinity, and programs to raise scientific perception about diseases can help to throw light at the end of this dark tunnel. In this article, the authors intend to 1) decipher the potential psychosocial basis of human suffering and poverty in patients with neurological and psychiatric disorders, and 2) discuss the apropos way-outs that would potentially mitigate suffering, and alleviate the economic burden and cognitive disabilities of families with neuropsychiatric diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":18641,"journal":{"name":"Medical Research Archives","volume":"11 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10461571/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10108935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Barriers to Mammography Screening among Black Women at a Community Health Center in South Florida, USA. 美国南佛罗里达州一家社区卫生中心的黑人女性乳腺造影筛查障碍。
Medical Research Archives Pub Date : 2023-04-01 Epub Date: 2023-04-25 DOI: 10.18103/mra.v11i4.3814
Tarsha Jones, Karen Wisdom-Chambers, Katherine Freeman, Karethy Edwards
{"title":"Barriers to Mammography Screening among Black Women at a Community Health Center in South Florida, USA.","authors":"Tarsha Jones, Karen Wisdom-Chambers, Katherine Freeman, Karethy Edwards","doi":"10.18103/mra.v11i4.3814","DOIUrl":"10.18103/mra.v11i4.3814","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In the United States (US), Black/African American women suffer disproportionately from breast cancer health disparities with a 40% higher death rate compared to White women. Mammography screening is considered a critical tool in mitigating disparities, yet Black women experience barriers to screening and are more likely to be diagnosed with advanced-stage breast cancer. The purpose of this study was to assess the relative frequency of mammography screening and to examine perceived and actual barriers to screening among women who receive care in our nurse-led community health center.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a survey examining frequency of mammography screening and beliefs about breast cancer including perceived susceptibility, perceived benefits, and perceived barriers to mammography screening, guided by the Champion Health Belief Model.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 30 Black/African American women completed the survey. The mean age of the participants was 54.3 years ± 9.17 (SD); 43.3% had a high school education or less; 50% had incomes below $60,000 per year; 26.7% were uninsured; 10% were on Medicaid; and only 50% were working full-time. We found that only half of the participants reported having annual mammograms 16 (53.3%), 1 (3.3%) every 6 months, 8 (26.6%) every 2-3 years, and 5 (16.7%) never had a mammogram in their lifetime. Frequently cited barriers included: 'getting a mammogram would be inconvenient for me'; 'getting a mammogram could cause breast cancer'; 'the treatment I would get for breast cancer would be worse than the cancer itself'; 'being treated for breast cancer would cause me a lot of problems'; 'other health problems would keep me from having a mammogram'; concern about pain with having a mammogram would keep me from having one; and not being able to afford a mammogram would keep me from having one'. Having no health insurance was also a barrier.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study found suboptimal utilization of annual screening mammograms among low-income Black women at a community health center in Florida and women reported several barriers. Given the high mortality rate of breast cancer among Black/African American women, we have integrated a Patient Navigator in our health system to reduce barriers to breast cancer screening, follow-up care, and to facilitate timely access to treatment, thus ultimately reducing breast cancer health disparities and promoting health equity.</p>","PeriodicalId":18641,"journal":{"name":"Medical Research Archives","volume":"11 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10358292/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10215173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
State Government Policy Responses to the COVID-19 Pandemic in the United States 2020-2022: Concordant Heterogeneity? 各州政府对 2020-2022 年美国 COVID-19 大流行的政策回应:一致性异质性?
Medical Research Archives Pub Date : 2023-04-01 DOI: 10.18103/mra.v11i4.3693
James A Koziol, Jan E Schnitzer
{"title":"State Government Policy Responses to the COVID-19 Pandemic in the United States 2020-2022: Concordant Heterogeneity?","authors":"James A Koziol, Jan E Schnitzer","doi":"10.18103/mra.v11i4.3693","DOIUrl":"10.18103/mra.v11i4.3693","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>We investigate governmental responses to the COVID-19 pandemic on a statewide basis between January 2020 and June 2022, together with mortality rates attributable to COVID-19 over the same period. Our aim is to demarcate the states' responses, and examine whether these differential responses are associated with COVID-19 mortality.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Our study is based on individual state data from the Oxford COVID-19 Government Response Tracker, OxCGRT. We focus on the Government Response Index, the most comprehensive index tracked in the OxCGRT dataset. We use multivariate techniques to group the states into clusters relative to their similarities on the Government Response Index, and determine mortality rates attributable to COVID-19 in the individual groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We find that the Government Response Index was sustained at relatively constant levels in the states, with two major transition periods: a rapid rise in stringency during April through June of 2020, and a gradual decline in May and June of 2021. Heterogeneity in the Government Response Index dramatically increased in 2022. No consistent patterns emerge when relating government stringency measures with COVID-19 mortality rates.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>There is inconsistent evidence that increased governmental stringency is associated with lower COVID-19 mortality; judicious selection of time frames can lead to contrasting inferences. Political trends and motivations appear to have an outsized influence on governmental responses to the COVID-19 public health crisis, to the detriment of the populace.</p>","PeriodicalId":18641,"journal":{"name":"Medical Research Archives","volume":"11 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10421646/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10000994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
A Pilot Study of Neurobiological Mechanisms of Stress and Cardiovascular Risk. 压力与心血管风险的神经生物学机制试点研究。
Medical Research Archives Pub Date : 2023-04-01 Epub Date: 2023-04-25 DOI: 10.18103/mra.v11i4.3787
J Douglas Bremner, Marina Piccinelli, Ernest V Garcia, Valeria M Moncayo, Lisa Elon, Jonathon A Nye, C David Cooke, Brianna P Washington, Rebeca Alvarado Ortega, Shivang R Desai, Alexis K Okoh, Brian Cheung, Britt O Soyebo, Lucy H Shallenberger, Paolo Raggi, Amit J Shah, Obada Daaboul, Mohamed Nour Jajeh, Carrie Ziegler, Emily G Driggers, Nancy Murrah, Carlo N De Cecco, Marly van Assen, Robert T Krafty, Arshed A Quyyumi, Viola Vaccarino
{"title":"A Pilot Study of Neurobiological Mechanisms of Stress and Cardiovascular Risk.","authors":"J Douglas Bremner, Marina Piccinelli, Ernest V Garcia, Valeria M Moncayo, Lisa Elon, Jonathon A Nye, C David Cooke, Brianna P Washington, Rebeca Alvarado Ortega, Shivang R Desai, Alexis K Okoh, Brian Cheung, Britt O Soyebo, Lucy H Shallenberger, Paolo Raggi, Amit J Shah, Obada Daaboul, Mohamed Nour Jajeh, Carrie Ziegler, Emily G Driggers, Nancy Murrah, Carlo N De Cecco, Marly van Assen, Robert T Krafty, Arshed A Quyyumi, Viola Vaccarino","doi":"10.18103/mra.v11i4.3787","DOIUrl":"10.18103/mra.v11i4.3787","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Coronary heart disease is a leading cause of death and disability. Although psychological stress has been identified as an important potential contributor, mechanisms by which stress increases risk of heart disease and mortality are not fully understood. The purpose of this study was to assess mechanisms by which stress acts through the brain and heart to confer increased CHD risk.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Coronary Heart Disease patients (N=10) underwent cardiac imaging with [Tc-99m] sestamibi single photon emission tomography at rest and during a public speaking mental stress task. Patients returned for a second day and underwent positron emission tomography imaging of the brain, heart, bone marrow, aorta (indicating inflammation) and subcutaneous adipose tissue, after injection of [<sup>18</sup>F]2-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose for assessment of glucose uptake followed mental stress. Patients with (N=4) and without (N=6) mental stress-induced myocardial ischemia were compared for glucose uptake in brain, heart, adipose tissue and aorta with mental stress.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Patients with mental stress-induced ischemia showed a pattern of increased uptake in the heart, medial prefrontal cortex, and adipose tissue with stress. In the heart disease group as a whole, activity increase with stress in the medial prefrontal brain and amygdala correlated with stress-induced increases in spleen (r=0.69, p=0.038; and r=0.69, p=0.04 respectfully). Stress-induced frontal lobe increased uptake correlated with stress-induced aorta uptake (r=0.71, p=0.016). Activity in insula and medial prefrontal cortex was correlated with post-stress activity in bone marrow and adipose tissue. Activity in other brain areas not implicated in stress did not show similar correlations. Increases in medial prefrontal activity with stress correlated with increased cardiac glucose uptake with stress, suggestive of myocardial ischemia (r=0.85, p=0.004).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings suggest a link between brain response to stress in key areas mediating emotion and peripheral organs involved in inflammation and hematopoietic activity, as well as myocardial ischemia, in Coronary Heart Disease patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":18641,"journal":{"name":"Medical Research Archives","volume":"11 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10361343/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9885936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Evaluation of LFA-1 Peptide-Methotrexate Conjugates in Modulating Endothelial Cell Inflammation and Cytokine Regulation. 评估 LFA-1 肽-甲氨蝶呤共轭物在调节内皮细胞炎症和细胞因子调节中的作用
Medical Research Archives Pub Date : 2023-02-01 DOI: 10.18103/mra.v11i2.3534
Helena Yusuf-Makagiansar, Tatyana V Yakovleva, Meagan Weldele, Rucha Mahadik, Teruna J Siahaan
{"title":"Evaluation of LFA-1 Peptide-Methotrexate Conjugates in Modulating Endothelial Cell Inflammation and Cytokine Regulation.","authors":"Helena Yusuf-Makagiansar, Tatyana V Yakovleva, Meagan Weldele, Rucha Mahadik, Teruna J Siahaan","doi":"10.18103/mra.v11i2.3534","DOIUrl":"10.18103/mra.v11i2.3534","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Interactions between vascular endothelial cells and inflammatory leukocytes are intermediated via cell adhesion molecules and they become one of the key events for vascular cell injury and development of atherosclerosis. This study evaluated the effects of MTX-peptide conjugates as anti-inflammatory agents on human coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAEC) and Molt-3 T cells. Cyclic peptides, cLABL and cLBEL, were derived from the α- and β-subunits of leukocyte function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1), respectively. They interact with intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) to inhibit LFA-1/ICAM-1-mediated homotypic or heterotypic T-cell adhesion. cLABL and cLBEL were linked to the anti-inflammatory drug, methotrexate (MTX), to produce MTX-cLABL and MTX-cLBEL conjugates. This study showed that peptides and MTX-peptide conjugates inhibited T cell adhesion to HCAEC monolayers while MTX alone did not. The conjugates, but not MTX, inhibited binding of anti-ICAM-1 monoclonal antibody (mAb) to ICAM-1 on the HCAEC. This indicates that conjugation of MTX to cLABL and cLBEL peptides did not dramatically change their binding properties to ICAM-1. The conjugates had relatively lower toxicity to cells compared to MTX alone, while they were more toxic than the parent peptides. At low concentrations, MTX, MTX-cLABL and MTX-cLBEL decreased production of IL-6 and IL-8 as inflammatory cytokines. In contrast, higher concentrations of the parent peptides compared to the conjugates were required to inhibit IL-6 and IL-8 productions. Overall, both MTX-cLABL and MTX-cLBEL were more active than both free-peptides. In addition, the conjugates were less toxic than MTX alone. In conclusion, the conjugate can selectively target MTX to ICAM-1-expressing cells to increase cell targeting and to lower MTX toxicity.</p>","PeriodicalId":18641,"journal":{"name":"Medical Research Archives","volume":"11 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10104456/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9316686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Lead Drug Discover Strategies from Natural Medicines Based on Network Pharmacology. 基于网络药理学的天然药物先导药物发现策略
Medical Research Archives Pub Date : 2023-02-01 DOI: 10.18103/mra.v11i2.3559
Shitang Ma, Jiafu Hou, Shijuan Liu, Fucheng Zhu, Peipei Wei, Chengtao Feng, Naidong Chen
{"title":"Lead Drug Discover Strategies from Natural Medicines Based on Network Pharmacology.","authors":"Shitang Ma,&nbsp;Jiafu Hou,&nbsp;Shijuan Liu,&nbsp;Fucheng Zhu,&nbsp;Peipei Wei,&nbsp;Chengtao Feng,&nbsp;Naidong Chen","doi":"10.18103/mra.v11i2.3559","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18103/mra.v11i2.3559","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The need for therapeutics to overcome development of existing diseases research to discover new lead agents. In the face of public health challenges worldwide, natural medicines play a pivotal role in innovative lead drug discovery. Network pharmacology can easily construct complicated poly-pharmacology network based on lead compound, biological function, and bioactive target proteins, which meets the overall feature of natural medicines, and enable to elucidate the action mechanism at molecule-protein level with systematic view. In this work, we first summarized the recent progress delineating lead drug development and its interaction with natural medicines. Second, we focused on the relationship between natural medicines and network pharmacology. Additionally, we discussed current issues and potential prospects for the lead drug discover from natural medicines by network pharmacology. Further investigations should be focus on relevant structural analysis for biological experiment, also the dynamic and quantitative network development. In summary, it is a rational approach for innovative lead drug discovery, and with the development of structure and biology research, this approach makes it a very powerful method for the lead molecules in a high-throughput manner from a comprehensive and powerful special multi-compound to target protein/disease poly pharmacology network.</p>","PeriodicalId":18641,"journal":{"name":"Medical Research Archives","volume":"11 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10373161/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10260957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Effect of MMR Vaccination to Mitigate Severe Sequelae Associated With COVID-19: Challenges and Lessons Learned. 接种麻腮风疫苗对减轻与 COVID-19 相关的严重后遗症的影响:挑战与经验教训。
Medical Research Archives Pub Date : 2023-02-01 DOI: 10.18103/mra.v11i2.3598
Mairi C Noverr, Junko Yano, Michael E Hagensee, Hui-Yi Lin, Mary C Meyaski, Erin Meyaski, Jennifer Cameron, Judd Shellito, Amber Trauth, Paul L Fidel
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