Aqua-bioscience Monographs最新文献

{"title":"Crustacean Peptide Hormones : Structure, Gene Expression and Function","authors":"H. Katayama, T. Ohira, H. Nagasawa","doi":"10.5047/ABSM.2013.00602.0049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5047/ABSM.2013.00602.0049","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":186355,"journal":{"name":"Aqua-bioscience Monographs","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124238518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphological and Physiological Studies on Gonadal Sex Differentiation in Teleost Fish","authors":"Masaru Nakamura","doi":"10.5047/ABSM.2013.00601.0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5047/ABSM.2013.00601.0001","url":null,"abstract":"Over the past 40 years, gonadal sex differentiation in teleost fish has been studied from histological and physiological viewpoints, for its application in fisheries. The morphological characteristics of gonadal sex differentiation in teleost fish were discussed in Section 2, and a summary of sexual processes, such as gonadal sex differentiation and sexual maturation in triploid salmonid fishes, was given. Subsequently, the effects of sex hormones/steroidal analogues on sex differentiation in several fish were examined. It was concluded that there is a critical period during physiological sex differentiation— before morphological sex differentiation—in which the induction of artificial sex reversal by exogenous sex hormones can occur. It was also demonstrated that endocrine environmental disruptors have the potential to induce sex reversal in genetic males. In Section 3, it was clarified that ultrastructural steroid-producing cells appeared in the gonads of tilapia around the time of sex differentiation, indicating that endogenous steroid hormones play an important role during sex differentiation in fish. In Section 4, the expression of various steroidogenic enzymes including aromatase was immunohistochemically proven to occur in the gonads during the period of morphological ovarian differentiation in genetically female tilapia. In contrast, there was no expression in the gonads during differentiation, or in early testicular differentiation in genetically male tilapia. Aromatase inhibitor induced sex reversal from females to phenotypic males in tilapia and golden rabbitfish. It was also demonstrated that androgen treatment suppressed the expression of steroidogenic enzymes in the gonads of genetic females, and induced sex reversal. It was concluded that endogenous estrogen functions as an ovarian inducer, whereas lack of estrogen induces testicular differentiation.","PeriodicalId":186355,"journal":{"name":"Aqua-bioscience Monographs","volume":"39 6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115564228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Studies on Improvement of Seed Production Techniques in Salmonids and Osmerids","authors":"S. Mizuno","doi":"10.5047/ABSM.2012.00504.0103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5047/ABSM.2012.00504.0103","url":null,"abstract":"Anadromous salmonids and osmerids are artificially propagated in Japan by release of their seeds. However, there are many unsolved problems in the techniques of their propagation. In the present monograph, studies on the improvement of seed production techniques in 4 fishes (masu salmon Oncorhynchus masou, chum salmon O. keta, shishamo smelt Spirinchus lanceolatus and Japanese smelt Hypomesus nipponensis) were outlined. Techniques to evaluate dorsal fin pigmentation during smoltification as an external seed quality, and to improve seed quality of hatchery-reared fish, and the discovery of metabolic problems in hatchery-reared fish were described in yearling masu salmon. In underyearling masu salmon, techniques to evaluate nutritional conditions using kidney melano-macrophage density was developed, and applied to the evaluation of the nutritional condition in hatchery-reared fish after release. In chum salmon fry, the development of techniques to monitor the physical condition and to find its appropriate culture conditions was reviewed. In egg cultures of shishamo and Japanese smelt, techniques to eliminate egg adhesiveness with treatments of kaolin or scallop shell powder suspension were established in order to improve hatching rates. In addition, the appropriate embryogenetic stage for the release of shishamo smelt embryos was demonstrated. Consequently, this monograph reveals that these techniques contribute directly to the development of artificial propagation in some salmonids and osmerids. 1. General introduction Anadromous salmonids and osmerids including masu salmon Oncorhynchus masou, chum salmon O. keta, shishamo smelt Spirinchus lanceolatus and Japanese smelt Hypomesus nipponensis are important species for coastal and freshwater commercial fisheries in Hokkaido, the northern-most prefecture in Japan. These fish are not always abundant under natural reproduction systems (Nagata and Kaeriyama 2004; Torao 2005a, b; Miyakoshi 2006). Therefore, these fish are artificially propagated by releasing their seeds in order to increase their stock in various places in Hokkaido (Kusuda and Teranishi 1996; Kaeriyama 1999; Torisawa 1999). Masu salmon, which inhabit both Pacific Ocean and the Japan Sea coasts of Hokkaido, spawn in upstream regions in autumn and hatch the winter of the same year (Kato 1991). The fish are separated into two types: 104 S. Mizuno / Aqua-BioSci. Monogr. 5: 103–143, 2012 doi:10.5047/absm.2012.00504.0103 © 2012 TERRAPUB, Tokyo. All rights reserved. words, masu salmon propagation costs more money compared to chum salmon propagation. It is essential for the sustainable artificial propagation of masu salmon to reduce the cost of seed production by increasing the survival rate of seed. Hatchery masu salmon are released in two ways. One is called the smolt release method where yearling (1+) smoltified juveniles are released into downstream regions in spring, and the other is called the spring juvenile release method, where underyea","PeriodicalId":186355,"journal":{"name":"Aqua-bioscience Monographs","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133393610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Migratory Behaviors in Masu Salmon (Oncorhynchus masou) and the Influence of Endocrinological Factors","authors":"A. Munakata","doi":"10.5047/ABSM.2012.00502.0029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5047/ABSM.2012.00502.0029","url":null,"abstract":"© 2012 TERRAPUB, Tokyo. All rights reserved. doi:10.5047/absm.2012.00502.0029 and Kobayashi 2010). Most of the non-migratory forms will live continuously in their natal rivers throughout their lives (Fig. 1). Regardless of these life history types, most salmonids will spawn in freshwater environments, mainly in their natal rivers (Fig. 1) (Quinn 2005). From these phenomena, salmonids are considered to be of freshwater (fluvial) fish origin and their migratory behaviors by and large start from the rivers (Fig. 1). Among the four genera of salmonids, two genera Hucho and Salvelinus are considered evolutionally ancient groups, based on the phylogenic analyses (Norden 1961; Murata et al. 1993). Genus Hucho inhabit only the northern Eurasia continent and genus Salvelinus inhabit northern Eurasia and the American continent (Quin 2005). On the other hand, genus Salmo (i.e., Atlantic salmon) and Oncorhynchus (i.e., Pacific salmon), which are considered evolutionally new Abstract In the freshwater phase of their lifecycle, masu salmon (Oncorhynchus masou) comprise two different phenotypes. A portion of the juveniles (migratory form) exhibit downstream migratory behavior after smoltification. However, some masu salmon (non-migratory form) such as precociously mature males live continuously in their natal rivers throughout their lifetime. The coexistence of migratory and non-migratory forms within the species indicates that this salmon can be effectively used as a model fish to illuminate both inhibitory and stimulatory physiological control mechanisms of migratory behaviors. In masu salmon, it was found that sex steroid hormones inhibit the occurrence of downstream swimming behavior, the initial step in seaward migration. Moreover, after the commencement of downstream migration, sex steroid hormones induced the upstream swimming and subsequent spawning behaviors. These findings indicate that sex steroid hormones influence the occurrence of the downstream and upstream swimming behavior in the resulting rheotaxis fashion (negative and positive, respectively). In contrast to sex steroid hormones, it was also found that cortisol, which is involved substantially in smoltification, stimulates the downstream swimming behavior. These findings indicate that the occurrence of seaward migration is controlled competitively by sex steroid hormones (sexual maturation) and smolt-inducing factors such as cortisol, in masu salmon and potentially other Pacific salmon. Migratory Behaviors in Masu Salmon (Oncorhynchus masou) and the Influence of Endocrinological Factors","PeriodicalId":186355,"journal":{"name":"Aqua-bioscience Monographs","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125706357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impacts of Large Male-Selective Harvesting on Reproduction: Illustration with Large Decapod Crustacean Resources","authors":"Taku Sato","doi":"10.5047/ABSM.2012.00503.0067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5047/ABSM.2012.00503.0067","url":null,"abstract":"To signal a need for caution for present large male-selective harvesting practices, negative impacts of the large male-selective harvesting on reproductive output in large decapod crustacean resources are introduced with emphasis on my own work with spiny king crab Paralithodes brevipes, coconut crab Birgus latro, and the stone crab Hapalogaster dentata. The large male-selective harvestings for several large decapod crustaceans have changed their population demographic structure by decreasing mean male size and skewing sex ratio towards females. By several field and laboratory experiments, the change of population demographic structure was anticipated to decrease female reproductive success in the resources (i.e. reproductive output of the harvested populations) through a decrease in sperm availability for females because of male size-dependent reproductive potentials and slow sperm recovery rate. Furthermore, reproductive output and stability of the large male-selective harvested resources were also anticipated to decline by a decrease in mate availability for females, attributing to combination of female mate choice for larger males with negative effects of female delayed mating and/or maternal influences. To establish the optimal management practices, the details of the mating system and reproductive ecology of each targeted species should be investigated.","PeriodicalId":186355,"journal":{"name":"Aqua-bioscience Monographs","volume":"92 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126036972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evolution of the Cardiorespiratory System in Air-Breathing Fishes","authors":"A. Ishimatsu","doi":"10.5047/ABSM.2012.00501.0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5047/ABSM.2012.00501.0001","url":null,"abstract":"© 2012 TERRAPUB, Tokyo. All rights reserved. doi:10.5047/absm.2012.00501.0001 (Cameron 1989; Nilsson 2010), with varying contributions of skin as a supplementary (in many amphibians) or in some exceptional cases, exclusive gas exchange surface (e.g., lungless salamanders, Boutilier 1990; Sheafor et al . 2000). In addition to the sarcopterygian-amphibian lineage, air breathing has independently arisen numerous times in the evolutionary history of bony fishes (Graham 1997). Many of the so-called ‘primitive’ bony fishes have a lung or lung-like gas bladder, such as polypterids, gars, bowfin and lungfishes. More advanced teleostean forms have developed a vast variety of air-breathing organs in different parts of the body, such as different segments of the alimentary canal (pharynx, esophagus, stomach or intestine), various types of outgrowth from the canal (e.g., respiratory swimbladders or suprabranchial chambers), specialized structures developing from the gills (e.g., labyrinthine organs) and the skin (Graham 1997). The circulatory system of the Devonian vertebrates perhaps underwent considerable modifications in conAbstract Fishes have evolved a wide variety of air-breathing organs independently along different lineages. Of these air-breathing fishes, only some (e.g., mudskippers) venture onto land but the vast majority of them remain in water and use air as an oxygen source to different degrees. With the development of air-breathing capacity, the circulatory system of fishes has often been modified in various ways to accommodate blood to and from the newly developed air-breathing surface. However, most air-breathing fishes, except snakeheads and lungfishes, seem to lack the ability of separating O2-rich effluent blood of the airbreathing organ from O2-poor systemic venous blood during passage through the central cardiovascular system, although this has been inferred usually only from anatomical studies. Mudskippers attest to the fact that transition from aquatic to amphibious life is possible without restructuring the gross anatomy of the cardiorespiratory system, at least to some extent. Why then have some fish and ancestral vertebrates evolved the capacity of blood separation? The purpose of this paper is to review the current knowledge about the form and function of the cardiorespiratory system of selected species of air-breathing fishes (eel gobies, mudskippers, swamp eels, snakeheads and lungfishes, arranged in the order of higher specialization of the cardiorespiratory system) and discuss important issues relating to the topic. Evolution of the Cardiorespiratory System in Air-Breathing Fishes","PeriodicalId":186355,"journal":{"name":"Aqua-bioscience Monographs","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131655172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of Spermatogenesis Using an Eel Model","authors":"C. Miura, T. Miura","doi":"10.5047/ABSM.2011.00404.0105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5047/ABSM.2011.00404.0105","url":null,"abstract":"Spermatogenesis is an indispensable process for the continuity of life. The process of spermatogenesis is very complex; it begins with spermatogonial renewal, then proceeds to proliferation of spermatogonia towards meiosis, two meiotic reduction divisions and spermiogenesis, during which the haploid spermatid develops into a spermatozoa. After spermiogenesis, non-functional sperm pass the process of sperm maturation and then become mature spermatozoa, fully capable of vigorous motility and fertilization. These processes are mainly controlled by sex steroid hormones. Spermatogonial renewal is controlled by estrogen; estradiol-17β (E2) through the expression of platelet-derived endothelial cell growth factor (PD-ECGF). The proliferation of spermatogonia toward meiosis is initiated by androgen; 11-ketotestosterone (11-KT) produced by FSH stimulation. 11-KT prevents the expression of anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), which functions to inhibit proliferation of spermatogonia and induce expression of activin B, which functions in the induction of spermatogonial proliferation. Meiosis is induced by progestin; 17α,20β-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (DHP) through the action of trypsin. DHP also regulates the sperm maturation through the regulation of seminal plasma pH.","PeriodicalId":186355,"journal":{"name":"Aqua-bioscience Monographs","volume":"182 11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125941773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Iron and Phytoplankton Growth in the Subarctic North Pacific","authors":"S. Takeda","doi":"10.5047/ABSM.2011.00402.0041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5047/ABSM.2011.00402.0041","url":null,"abstract":"Iron availability has been shown to have potential controls on phytoplankton growth, nutrient utilization, algal community composition, and the ecosystem structure in the subarctic North Pacific. Recent findings on the lateral iron transport from the surrounding marginal regions to the pelagic waters highlighted the importance of particulate iron in the subarctic North Pacific, but the transformation between dissolved and particulate phases and its interaction with organic ligands are still uncertain. In spite of active researches in the subarctic high-nitrate, low-chlorophyll (HNLC) waters, significant impacts of Asian dust on the phytoplankton productivity have not been detected, suggesting spatial and temporal mismatch between the dust inputs and biological activities. Satisfaction of algal demands for both light and iron is a key for phytoplankton blooming in the HNLC waters. Surprisingly, the community half-saturation constant for growth with respect to iron was found to be similar between the western and eastern gyres; however, differences in the iron supply process and its availability in these two gyres seem to have developed unique phytoplankton populations. It is essential to evaluate iron transport processes that work on a time-scale needed for phytoplankton blooms, and further studies are needed at the central regions of the subarctic North Pacific.","PeriodicalId":186355,"journal":{"name":"Aqua-bioscience Monographs","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129918248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Growth Rates of Population Projection Matrix Models in Random Environments","authors":"T. Akamine, M. Suda","doi":"10.5047/ABSM.2011.00403.0095","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5047/ABSM.2011.00403.0095","url":null,"abstract":"Population projection matrix models in random environments are random walk models. The growth rate of the mean population size, which is equal to the maximum eigenvalue of the mean matrix, is better than the average of the intrinsic rates of natural increase calculated by computer simulations, because the population size is more important than the growth rate. The arithmetic mean of the maximum eigenvalues of matrices for all permutations converges to the maximum eigenvalue of the mean matrix. The periodicity of environments is more important than the correlation between environments. Simple matrices and three numerical models are used as examples.","PeriodicalId":186355,"journal":{"name":"Aqua-bioscience Monographs","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125314433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fundamental Studies oninvivoandinvitroPearl Formation—Contribution of Outer Epithelial Cells of Pearl Oyster Mantle and Pearl Sacs","authors":"M. Awaji, A. Machii","doi":"10.5047/ABSM.2011.00401.0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5047/ABSM.2011.00401.0001","url":null,"abstract":"Outer epithelial cells, which constitute a monolayer epithelium covering the outer surface of pearl oyster mantle, play principal roles in shell and pearl formation. In pearl culture, a fragment of the mantle prepared from a donor is implanted into the recipient’s gonad together with a small inorganic bead. Histological studies using pearl oyster Pinctada fucata have revealed that the outer epithelial cells emigrate from the allograft, proliferate, and form a pearl sac surrounding the bead. Following the pearl-sac formation, the pearl-sac epithelia start to form calcium carbonate crystals, such as nacre, on the bead showing morphological characteristics closely related with the crystal structures. To investigate cellular mechanisms of the pearl formation, organ and cell culture methods for the outer epithelial cells of pearl oyster mantle were developed. In the organ culture, crystal formation, deposition of shell matrix-like structure, and DNA synthesis of the outer epithelial cells were observed. The outer epithelial cells separated from the mantle started DNA synthesis in co-culture with hemocytes that revealed a part of cellto-cell interactions during the pearl-sac formation processes. Substitution of the cultured outer epithelial cells for a mantle allograft in pearl culture was tested by injection of the cultured cells; the results of which implied future possibilities for the application of the cultured outer epithelial cells for pearl production.","PeriodicalId":186355,"journal":{"name":"Aqua-bioscience Monographs","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131947231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}