Journal of Ecology & Natural Resources最新文献

{"title":"Effect of Mulching and Tied Ridge on Crop Production and Soil Improvement in Dry Land Areas","authors":"Mengistu Chemeda","doi":"10.23880/jenr-16000275","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/jenr-16000275","url":null,"abstract":"Rain fed crop production in dryland areas is unreliable due to high evapo-transpiration, high run-off rates, delay onset, and early cessation of rains. So soil moisture deficiency is one of the primary factors that limit crop production in the area. Soil conservation is another important issue in dryland areas because high run-off rates leads to severe soil erosion. Due to shortage of soil moisture there have been attempts to optimize crop yield by planting drought-tolerant crops, particularly maize, sorghum and millet. This is not enough because crop failure due to water stress is still observed in dry lands. Therefore the proper use of soil moisture conservation structures like tied ridge helps to reduce the runoff rate, nutrient losses from soil and improve the soil moisture for plant growth which in turn, boost the productivity of land and plants. In addition to tied ridge mulching is a good practice used to reduce soil erosion and enhance water conservation. Tied ridge is one of the structures used to reduce water runoff and increase infiltration of rain water to the soil. It is a form of micro-basin tillage which consists of ridging the soil typically to heights of 0.20 to 0.30 m and is blocked with earth ties spaced considering slope of the land. Tied-ridging increased soil water by more than 25% compared to the traditional tillage practice in northern Ethiopia. It has been reported that tied ridging is beneficial for increasing crop yield. Tied-ridging increased sorghum grain yield by more than 40% compared to the traditional tillage practice in northern Ethiopia. It has beneficial effects of reducing runoff loss and soil loss. Mulching is also on the positive side of the balance in dry land. When adequate residues are available and conservation tillage is used, soil erosion is greatly reduced and water conservation is enhanced. Management of crop residues on the farm lands increased the grain yields of maize, sorghum and wheat crops both by improving soil fertility and conserving water at Haramaya area. Mulch conserved more water and led to higher dry matter and grain yields of maize compared to minimum tillage.","PeriodicalId":186239,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ecology & Natural Resources","volume":"63 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134067483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Mulching and Amount of Water on the Yield of Tomato under Furrow Irrigation","authors":"Zewdie Bm","doi":"10.23880/jenr-16000324","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/jenr-16000324","url":null,"abstract":"Maintaining optimal soil water content through the growing season of tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill) is required for optimal plant yield and yield components especially in semi arid regions. However, there is limited information on optimum water management practices, or deficit irrigation that would increase tomato crop yield and yield components when irrigation is used. An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of mulch and amount of water on the yield of tomato under furrow irrigation system and to assess the potential of deficit irrigation to improve the economic efficiency of tomato production at Pawe Agricultural Research Center, during 2020/2021 cropping season. A factorial combination of four levels of water (namely 50% ETc, 75% ETc, 100% ETc and 125% ETc) combined with three mulch treatments (namely without mulch, dry elephant grass mulch and dry banana leaf mulch) were arranged in randomized complete block design replicated three times. Interaction effects of amount of water and mulching materials significantly affected fruit length, fruit diameter, marketable and total fruit yield. Number of fruits and average of fruit weight were significantly affected by amount of water. Significant difference was also shown among mulch treatments on number of fruits and average fruit weight. The highest net benefit (428, 195.60 birr ha-1) and marginal rate of return (1318%) were obtained from the combination of 75% ETc amount of irrigation and elephant grass mulch. Therefore, application of 75% ETc with grass mulch was found to be economically and agronomically feasible and is recommended for Pawe and its surrounding and other similar agro-ecologies under furrow irrigation system.","PeriodicalId":186239,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ecology & Natural Resources","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115234801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Integrated Organic and Inorganic Fertilizer on Soil Fertility and Productivity","authors":"","doi":"10.23880/jenr-16000248","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/jenr-16000248","url":null,"abstract":"Soil fertility depletion is a main problem to sustain agricultural production and productivity in many countries. The use of inorganic (chemical) fertilizer or organic fertilizer alone has both positive and negative effects on plant growth, nutrient availability and the soil. Inorganic fertilizer is usually immediately and fast containing all necessary nutrients that are directly easy to get for plants. But continuous use of inorganic (chemical) fertilizers alone causes soil organic matter degradation, soil acidity and environmental pollution. However, Organic fertilizer improves physical and biological activities of soil, but comparatively organic fertilizers has lower nutrient content, because of that larger quantity of fertilizer is required to adequate nutrient for plant growth. So integrated or mixed inorganic and organic nutrient management system is an alternative system for the sustainable and cost effective management of soil, and the result is raising soil fertility and productivity without affecting environment. The objective of the review is to assess the effect of mixing organic with inorganic fertilizer on soil fertility and productivity. The study revealed that appropriate application of organic with inorganic fertilizers increases the productivity without negative effect on productivity and improves soil fertility than the values obtained by organic or inorganic fertilizers separately.","PeriodicalId":186239,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ecology & Natural Resources","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121282792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Current Status of Fish Health and Immunity","authors":"Balaraman Deivasigamani","doi":"10.23880/jenr-16000298","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/jenr-16000298","url":null,"abstract":"The immune system is responsible for allowing humans to survive in an environment replete with potentially pathogenic microorganisms, many of them living on or within our bodies. The influence of nutrition and metabolism on immune function is a topic of rising interest, to the point that the new discipline of “immunometabolism” has arisen in order to foster a deep comprehension of this crucial relationship. Fish as a food is rich in compounds with immunoregulatory properties, among them omega-3 fatty acids, melatonin, tryptophan, taurine and polyamines. In addition, regular fish consumption favours the proliferation of beneficial members of the intestinal microbiota, like short-chain fatty acid-producing bacteria. Global aquaculture production has increased in recent years and it is predicted that aquaculture will provide the most reliable supply of seafood in the future. However, there are many controversial issues in aquaculture regarding food safety, nutrition, and sustainability; many of which are directly related to the nutrition and feeds for farmed fish. These nutrition-related issues must be considered in order to achieve balance in safe and nutritious food production and sustainability in aquaculture.","PeriodicalId":186239,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ecology & Natural Resources","volume":"124 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124884576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Farmers Participation toward Forest Production and Protection in Dawuro Zone, Essera District, Ethiopia","authors":"Bekele Tona Amenu","doi":"10.23880/jenr-16000239","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/jenr-16000239","url":null,"abstract":"Natural resource degradation has become a serious environmental problem in Ethiopia. Deforestation, which is occurring at an alarming rate, is one of such problems. Forest cover has been declining at an alarming rate indifferent areas of Dawuro zone, Essera district. This is because of expansion of agricultural land, cutting of trees for fuel, construction, charcoal making and pit-sawing, which are the manifestations of population pressure as well as failure in property rights institutions. The study was carried out in SNNPR in Dawuro zone in general Essera district in particular. The study was focused on the assessment of farmers’ participation towards forest production and protection in Essera district of Dawuro zone. In the study both primary and secondary data were used. Primary data was obtained from the respondents through semi- structured questionnaires and, interview schedule Sample size was obtained from this district by purposively selecting two kebele from twenty nine kebeles. The respondents were selected randomly and sample size obtained was 60. Collected data was analyzed using the statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS) and appropriate statistical procedures for description (frequencies, percent, means and standard deviation) were used. An attempt has been made to assess farmers’ participation on forest production and protection in the study area. From the respondents almost all are males and all are married finally the collected data was analyzed by descriptive statistics such as percentages, frequencies and tabulation techniques. About 83.3% of the respondents participate on forest production and protection. The study also tried to show currently deforestation rate of forest was very high due to agricultural land expansion, for different constructions, fuel wood, urbanization, rural job opportunity for youths and climate change due to deforestation. Factors affecting farmers participation on forest production and protection were land size, age sex, family size, ethnicity, religion, education, marital status were the major ones. The study recommends that sustainable development and rural livelihood of rural household cannot be guaranteed through agricultural crops production alone. There is thus a need to restructure and strength the extension division service need to be established and integrated with the existing agricultural extension programs.","PeriodicalId":186239,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ecology & Natural Resources","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125165843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determination of Optimum Nitrogen for Teff [Eragrostis tef (Zucc.) Trotter] Production in Bora District, East Shewa Zone, Oromia, Ethiopia","authors":"Amante Lemma","doi":"10.23880/jenr-16000280","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/jenr-16000280","url":null,"abstract":"Field experiment was carried out on 6 farmer’s field to determine the effect of NPS and nitrogen on yield of teff. The study was conducted using three NPS levels (0, 100, and 200 kg ha-1) and six levels of nitrogen (0, 23, 46, 69, 92 and 138 kg ha-1) and the treatment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with two replications. The analysis of showed that yield of teff was significantly (p < 0.05) affected by the interaction effect of NPS and N fertilizer rates. However, biomass yield of teff was not significantly (p < 0.05) affected by the interaction effects of NPS and N fertilization. The highest biomass (5.600 ton/ ha) was obtained in response to application of 200 kg of NPS and 92 kg of N ha-1. While, the highest teff yield (1592 kg ha-1) was obtained from application of 200 kg NPS with 138 kg N (ha-1). But it is not economically profitable. Therefore the net benefit 45,278 Birr ha-1 which was obtained from application of 100 kg NPS and 46 kg N (ha-1) fertilization is profitable and recommended for teff in Bora District and areas with similar soil type and agro-ecological conditions.","PeriodicalId":186239,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ecology &amp; Natural Resources","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126417456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Carbon storage of Mangrove Sediments in Kibani, Eastern Niger Delta, Nigeria: Implications on the Environment","authors":"Nwankwo C","doi":"10.23880/jenr-16000325","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/jenr-16000325","url":null,"abstract":"The amount of carbon stored in the mangrove sediments in Kibani area of Eastern Niger Delta was quantified. The objectives were to determine the sediment bulk density (SBD) and organic carbon concentration (%C), and estimate the amount of organic carbon stock in the top 100-cm depth of mangrove sediments and its carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2 e). A total of 312 sediment samples were collected from 24 different sampling points at seven locations. An open-cylindrical gouge auger of 100-cm length and 5-cm diameter was designed and fabricated for the purpose of sediment sampling. Field measurement, laboratory analysis, data presentation and result presentation followed the Guidelines for Forest Carbon Measurement, Monitoring and Reporting. The sediment type has a major control on the distribution of organic carbon. The lithology is a typical of mangrove forest and included peat and clay with pockets of sands. Sediment bulk density (SBD) and %C ranged from 0.95 g/cm3 to 1.97 g/cm3 (mean = 1.30 g/cm3 ) and 0.9 % to 33.6 % (mean = 12.48 %) respectively. Carbon stocks ranged from 24.12 ± 15.18 Mg C ha-1 to 3245.76 ± 15.18 Mg C ha-1 (mean value = 39.80 Mg ha-1) while CO2 e ranged 88.52 ± 15.18 Mg CO2 ha-1 to 11,911.94 ± 15.18 Mg CO2 ha-1 (mean = 2,348.07 ± 15.18 Mg CO2 ha-1). The total carbon stock of the study area was estimated at 947.78 ± 55.64 Gg C, equivalent to 3,478.36 ± 55.64 Gg CO2 . The study revealed that 732,595.71 ± 55.64 Mg of carbon dioxide is stored in the sediments. This amount could either be removed or released to the atmosphere through forest management practices and/or degradation to exacerbate climate change and /or mitigate it. It is recommended that Niger Delta region of Nigeria should be protected against all anthropogenic-related degradation which influence the amount of carbon storage.","PeriodicalId":186239,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ecology &amp; Natural Resources","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127200699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Economic Limit Estimation and Production Forecasting in a Field by Using Decline Curve Analysis Method","authors":"Roger Firmin Donald Ntouala","doi":"10.23880/jenr-16000299","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/jenr-16000299","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, the decline curve analysis method is performed according to a new economic limit in a field named X (for confidential reasons). The production data are processed in EXCEL software and the forecasting is made in MBAL software by respecting the following steps: Firstly, identify the decline zone and determine the decline model on the production history, secondly estimate a new economic limit by using the actual oil price, thirdly, forecast the production and determine the reserves still recoverable and fourthly, make an economic evaluation. The interpretation of the result show that the decline zone is extended on 540 days and the decline curve showed an exponential decline by the next, the new economic limit is estimated at 381.86 Sm3/Day which allow concluding that, the life of the field X is extended from 367 days with 253,935.46 Sm3 as the ultimate recoverable reserves. By the end, these reserves can generate 11,581,676 USD as net income. The above results make it possible to understand the influence of the economic limit and by ricochet the oil price on the lifetime of field X and on its recoverable reserves. Depending on the company, the makeable net income can be set as profitable or nonprofitable. In the positive case this could allow the reopening of the field X.","PeriodicalId":186239,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ecology &amp; Natural Resources","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126795947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sand Dredging in Anyang River and its Implication on Morphological Structure in Edebom II, Nsit Ibom, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria","authors":"C. Abraham","doi":"10.23880/jenr-16000262","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/jenr-16000262","url":null,"abstract":"This study focused on sand dredging in Anyang Nsit River and its implication on morphological structure in Edebom II, Nsit Ibom, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria, a third order tributary of Kwa Iboe river basin, which entails the morphometric parameters, dredging induced hazards, measurement and calculation of hydraulic parameters at two high dredging sites, are related to the dynamic nature of the river channel. Digital Elevation Model (DEM) of the study area with resolution 30x30m was obtained from United States Geological Survey (USGS) and the river channel was delineated. With the aid of Arc GIS 10.3 software package and Erdas Imagine 9.2 software reprojection and the map was produced in the layout view on a scale of 1:187500. The linear, areal and relief aspects of the sub-catchment were derived using strings and constructed grid lines placed on the map, while morphometric parameters of the river channel were calculated using relevant statistical package. The hydraulic parameters (bank full width, mean depth, velocity) of the two dredging sites were measured in a period of four months (MarchJune). The results showed that hydraulic parameters of these dredging points have changed significantly within this period. The calculated channel discharge had increased by 10m3/s and 7.42m3/s respectively at the two dredging sites. A total of 26,804 tonnes of dry weight sand is dredged both manually and mechanically (hydraulically) between March-June, 2021 which is consistent with the assertion that sand dredging is responsible for the change in the channel morphology especially in depth and deformation of channel configuration parameters. It was recommended that sand dredging in Akwa Ibom should be monitored by the Ministry of Environment as a statutory responsibility to maintain morphometric parameters in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria.","PeriodicalId":186239,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ecology &amp; Natural Resources","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128173623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Study on the Effect of Curvilinear Bed Sill on River Bed Restoration","authors":"M. Sohrabi","doi":"10.23880/jenr-16000227","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/jenr-16000227","url":null,"abstract":"Bed and bank scouring in a river has great impact on hydraulic structures such as bridges, water intakes and river habitats. In this study, experimental and numerical investigations were conducted to compare the effect of three types of bed sills on flow structure and the scouring pattern and also for understanding the performance of the bed sills. The study revealed that the vortices developed at the banks transfer sediments to the central parts of the channel. It was concluded that concave bed sill enables to stabilize bed at central part of the channel. Other types of bed sills such as sine and wing shapes were also tested and it was found that it is very effective for stabilizing both bed and banks simultaneously. It was found that locations of vortices and depths of scour for sine shape bed sill were changed according to its geometrical specifications. The distances of vortices from the bank were effective in the stability of bed and banks of the channel simultaneously. Furthermore, the results showed that the maximum and minimum of scouring depths occurred at the concave and wing bed sills, respectively.","PeriodicalId":186239,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ecology &amp; Natural Resources","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124506749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}