{"title":"Integrating Blockchain for Healthcare Group Decision Making","authors":"Manisha Singh, G. Baranwal, A. Tripathi","doi":"10.1109/iGETblockchain56591.2022.10087092","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iGETblockchain56591.2022.10087092","url":null,"abstract":"Group Decision-making (GDM) is very much required and practiced in healthcare, also through the healthcare decision support system (HDSS). However, it may lack transparency and trust in balancing the risk and expected decision. Also, the absence of trust can heavily undermine the decision quality. We here propose a blockchain-based solution using smart contract to facilitate the decision-making process in healthcare based on the decentralized technology. In general, in a GDM and particularly in healthcare, the opinions expressed by the expert may have some degree of risk associated with it, and we address this issue through 2-Tuple fuzzy preference representation. We propose a consensus-based GDM model that uses a 2-Tuple fuzzy preference relation for smart contract. Remix IDE is used to develop and test the smart contract code in the Ethereum blockchain environment. We demonstrate the applicability of the proposed blockchain-based solution and its security and cost analysis.","PeriodicalId":186049,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE 1st Global Emerging Technology Blockchain Forum: Blockchain & Beyond (iGETblockchain)","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127114821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Grybniak, N. Goga, Oleksandr Nashyvan, Razvan Mihai, Igor Mazurok, Yevhen Leonchyk, Gora Datta, Omer Faruk Ozkul, Constantin-Viorel Marian
{"title":"Recurring Payments on EVM-based Platforms","authors":"S. Grybniak, N. Goga, Oleksandr Nashyvan, Razvan Mihai, Igor Mazurok, Yevhen Leonchyk, Gora Datta, Omer Faruk Ozkul, Constantin-Viorel Marian","doi":"10.1109/iGETblockchain56591.2022.10087077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iGETblockchain56591.2022.10087077","url":null,"abstract":"This article proposes a concept of building a payment system for subscription-based services in cases of fixed prices and with recurring frequency. The proposed solution offers the user the opportunity for ease-of-use and transaction fee cost savings. The proposed method of calculating balances for crypto-wallets can be applied to other financial services that provide traditional banking products based on decentralized public platforms. The concept is deployed in the form of a smart contract for issuing tokens on Ethereum, which is backward compatible with ERC-20 and ERC-777, and can form the basis for a new EVM-based decentralized network standard.","PeriodicalId":186049,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE 1st Global Emerging Technology Blockchain Forum: Blockchain & Beyond (iGETblockchain)","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122170988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Telco Tokenization and Stablecoin Development an Industry Opportunity","authors":"Shamit Bhat, Monique J. Morrow","doi":"10.1109/iGETblockchain56591.2022.10087064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iGETblockchain56591.2022.10087064","url":null,"abstract":"Different industries have been evolving to accept and implement blockchain technology for a variety of use cases either for automation purposes, for internal/external process integration amongst multiple entities or for provenance use cases such as in supply chain using blockchains tracking and tracing abilities. The telecommunications industry itself has adopted blockchain technology in areas like wholesale roaming, identity as examples. The focus of this paper is implementation of tokenization, Stablecoins, and digital assets in the telecom industry. The paper provides a brief introduction to tokenization, Stablecoins, digital assets and use case examples from the telco industry in the adoption and deployment of tokens, Stablecoins and overall digital assets. The paper argues the case for tokenization and use of Stablecoins in the telecommunications industry. For instance, can we as an industry imagine incentivizing open-source development via a telco token? The blockchain space involves various stakeholder groups which includes telecom operators, vendors, internet companies, technology partners, regulators etc. and any successful implementation involves managing an eco-system play amongst these requiring strong governance. The authors also propose additional research as next steps particularly for economic modelling of telco token economy and a cybersecurity risk assessment.","PeriodicalId":186049,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE 1st Global Emerging Technology Blockchain Forum: Blockchain & Beyond (iGETblockchain)","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127699566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The IEEE Blockchain Transactive Energy Demo Initiative","authors":"J. Kempf, Paul D. Heitmann, U. Cali","doi":"10.1109/iGETblockchain56591.2022.10087058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iGETblockchain56591.2022.10087058","url":null,"abstract":"In 2021 and 2022, the IEEE Blockchain Transactive Energy (BCTE) initiative, a volunteer-staffed outreach effort by the IEEE Future Directions committee, issued requests for proposals (RFPs) for innovative demonstrations of blockchain transactive energy technology. Demos selected by the screening committee were awarded $10,000 each. The intent was to foster interest and activity in actually implementing and deploying blockchain transactive energy systems. The RFP process was open to any team worldwide at an academic institution, utility, large company, nonprofit, or startup. Since this is the first time any IEEE group has run such a demo competition, this paper aims to demonstrate the initial results of the competition.","PeriodicalId":186049,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE 1st Global Emerging Technology Blockchain Forum: Blockchain & Beyond (iGETblockchain)","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133532431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Blockchain, AI and IoT Empowered Swarm Drones for Precision Agriculture Applications","authors":"Islam Guven, M. Parlak","doi":"10.1109/iGETblockchain56591.2022.10087152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iGETblockchain56591.2022.10087152","url":null,"abstract":"Recently, the usage of blockchain on swarm UAV applications has gained popularity due to the simplicity and security of the designed frameworks. Applications of drones to precision architecture have also been a prominent research topic for years. However, architectures that use drones as a service (DAAS) for such applications are still lacking some detailed analysis. This paper addresses the known problems and challenges of swarm UAV networks, such as availability, route de-confliction, confidentiality and authenticity, and energy consumption. It presents a conceptual solution and architecture for blockchain and computer vision-assisted precision agriculture applications of swarm UAVs through a combination of early designs of agriculture-specific system components and methods adapted from proposed frameworks for other fields in the industry.","PeriodicalId":186049,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE 1st Global Emerging Technology Blockchain Forum: Blockchain & Beyond (iGETblockchain)","volume":"75 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122206045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Andrea Giacobino, David Grierson, Gianguido Sorà, H. Singh, Martin Schäffner, P. McHale, Simon Maggs
{"title":"Elesto Protocol: Self-Sovereign Identity System","authors":"Andrea Giacobino, David Grierson, Gianguido Sorà, H. Singh, Martin Schäffner, P. McHale, Simon Maggs","doi":"10.1109/iGETblockchain56591.2022.10087121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iGETblockchain56591.2022.10087121","url":null,"abstract":"The key to the emerging digital society and economy is digital identity, a fundamental component of digital transformation in representing any real-world entity in digital form. An effective digital identity is essential to secure a successful digital future, especially as the demand for digital services grows.Since the genesis of digital identification, numerous identity management (IdM) systems have been developed and enforced to address the increasing need to manage identities based on the needs of individuals and organizations. This advancement of IdM systems offers an incremental process that leads the user to gain control of identity ownership and personal data while raising identity management concerns such as sovereignty, storage, access control, security, privacy, and safeguarding. Self-sovereign identity (SSI), recently recognized as a promising IdM, can provide sovereignty to the identity owner while addressing these concerns.The Elesto protocol is an emerging open-source, public permissionless blockchain-based implementation that uses SSI for identity management for users, organizations, and other entities. The protocol leverages W3C specifications for decentralized identifiers (DID), verifiable credentials (VC), DIDComm messaging specifications, and SSI agents.The Elesto protocol is an application-specific blockchain implementation using the Cosmos SDK framework, Tendermint Proof-of-Stake (PoS) consensus, the Inter-Blockchain Communication protocol (IBC), and design satisfies all of the fundamental requirements and principles of SSI.This paper presents the design and implementation of the Elesto protocol as an identity infrastructure. Three use cases illustrate how the protocol helps overcome the highlighted problems by decentralizing or extending functionalities in the blockchain infrastructure.","PeriodicalId":186049,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE 1st Global Emerging Technology Blockchain Forum: Blockchain & Beyond (iGETblockchain)","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114144615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Web3 for sensitive data, enterprise, government, private, and permissioned use","authors":"Kim Aksel Tahuil Borgen","doi":"10.1109/iGETblockchain56591.2022.10087069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iGETblockchain56591.2022.10087069","url":null,"abstract":"Web3 represents an evolution of the centralized and siloed topology of Web2 by focusing on more connected, decentralized, and open technology to democratize data and services between databases, tools, devices, people, teams and organizations to provide secure single sources of truth on decentralized trust layers. However, sensitive data, such as intellectual property, classified information, personal data, or medical records, cannot be distributed to those without explicit access. A standard solution is to encrypt the data before uploading and then distribute the decryption key to select persons. This solution does not sufficiently protect against data leakage. In addition, legal, contractual, and GDPR requirements are not met in current Web3 systems. This study suggests critical requirements for any Web3 system that targets sensitive data, private and permissioned needs, and enterprise and governmental applications. A preliminary framework is then introduced for building compliant Web3 systems to the suggested requirements. The study proposes changes to the Inter Planetary File System (IPFS) protocol, with the main change being that each request checks against a ledger if the requestor has access to the data. Two novel Ethereum smart contracts, Enterprise Architecture and Smart Legal Contract, are presented to meet the suggested requirements.","PeriodicalId":186049,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE 1st Global Emerging Technology Blockchain Forum: Blockchain & Beyond (iGETblockchain)","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128738876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Potential of Smart Contracts in the Pharmaceutical Supply Chain of Belarus","authors":"A. Labanava, R. Dreyling, A. Norta","doi":"10.1109/iGETblockchain56591.2022.10087080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iGETblockchain56591.2022.10087080","url":null,"abstract":"Timely supply of quality pharmaceutical products is seen as not only an important aspect of healthcare system but also a matter of national security. Taking into account the social orientation of the pharmaceutical business, states impose special requirements for the safety, effectiveness, quality, conditions for the sale, transportation and storage of medicinal products. These requirements are not always fulfilled, which gives room for the technology to step in and assist. The aim of this paper is to analyze how smart contracts can help in addressing pharmaceutical supply chain issues with a focus on Belarus, which is the first country in the world to explicitly state that smart contracts are legal. This research uses a case study methodology to examine the potential for implementation of smart contracts in the supply chain of pharmaceutical products, the barriers for that and the possible influence of smart contracts on various stakeholders. Data collection was organized through document review and expert interviews. Results indicated that there are weak spots in the current pharmaceutical supply chain process, such as different kinds of errors in supporting documentation, quality defects and failures in climate control systems. Some vulnerable points in supply chain could be eliminated by smart contracts, for example, faults in maintaining temperature regime during transportation. The study also reveals a number of challenges for implementing smart contracts, such as resistance of users, bureaucracy, costs, the necessity for a lot of participants to be a part of a single network. In this regard, the study went on to propose a pilot project for implementing smart contracts in pharmaceutical supply chain.","PeriodicalId":186049,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE 1st Global Emerging Technology Blockchain Forum: Blockchain & Beyond (iGETblockchain)","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132933829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"When permissioned blockchain meets IoT oracles: An on-chain quality assurance system for off-shore modular construction manufacture","authors":"Lingming Kong, Chen Chen, Rui Zhao, Zhe Chen, Liupengfei Wu, Zhongze Yang, Xiao Li, Weisheng Lu, Fan Xue","doi":"10.1109/iGETblockchain56591.2022.10087164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iGETblockchain56591.2022.10087164","url":null,"abstract":"Advanced information technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoT) and Modular Construction (MC) bring new potentials to the construction industry. The trustworthiness is critical for MC quality assurance (QA), particularly in the offshore manufacture stage. The emerging blockchain technology which enables transparent, traceable, and immutable information exchange in distributed systems opens a new avenue for managing off-shore MC. However, the real-time data collection and update, as well as permitted data access are two critical concerns in utilizing blockchain for MC. The permissioned blockchain and IoT is considered as feasible solutions. Thus, this paper presents a three-tier architecture of permissioned blockchain with IoT oracles: the infrastructure layer, platform layer, and service layer. IoT devices in the infrastructure layer act as oracles of the blockchain, feeding real-world data from MC components promptly on time through trusted APIs. A permissioned blockchain network in the platform layer provides authentication functions to ensure authorized access to QA-related channels. A mobile-based application named e-InStar in the service layer provides user-friendly UI for multi-stakeholders to access the QA system named e-inspection 2.0. The three-tier architecture design can thus respond to the data access and data updating needs for MC QA, specifically for multi-stakeholders cooperation requirements. An application case of a housing project validated the permissioned blockchain in the e-Inspection 2.0 system in two aspects: (1) system transparency and security, and (2) users’ satisfaction with data collection and QA functions.","PeriodicalId":186049,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE 1st Global Emerging Technology Blockchain Forum: Blockchain & Beyond (iGETblockchain)","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114611208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"IPv4 and IPv6 for Blockchain Networks: a Comparative Analysis","authors":"Jack Davies, Alessio Pagani","doi":"10.1109/iGETblockchain56591.2022.10087175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iGETblockchain56591.2022.10087175","url":null,"abstract":"Blockchain technology enables new possibilities for the peer-to-peer exchange of both monetary value and information. A key challenge when designing high-performance blockchain networks is to ensure their scalability and capacity to support many concurrent users and applications. Blockchain networks are typically implemented on top of the TCP/IP stack, offering a choice between the IPv4 and IPv6 protocols. While most blockchain networks have not achieved significant scale, recent improvements in blockchain implementations offer increasing levels of transaction throughput. The improving capacity of such blockchains warrants an examination of the relative applicability of IPv4 and IPv6 in supporting scalable blockchain infrastructure.In this paper, we provide a comprehensive comparative analysis of IPv4 and IPv6 with respect to the requirements and properties of high-performance blockchains. We find that IPv6 is more suitable for such networks regarding privacy, security, and scalability. Moreover we outline how IPv6 offers additional functionalities over IPv4 by supporting diverse peer-to-peer payment mechanisms and advanced identity-management using cryptographically generated addresses.","PeriodicalId":186049,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE 1st Global Emerging Technology Blockchain Forum: Blockchain & Beyond (iGETblockchain)","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126553669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}