{"title":"IO latency hiding in pipelined architectures","authors":"Sam Siewert","doi":"10.1109/TPSD.2005.1614345","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TPSD.2005.1614345","url":null,"abstract":"This paper reports upon development of a novel mathematical formalism for analyzing data pipelines. The method accounts for IO and CPU latencies in the stages of the data pipeline. An experimental pipeline was constructed using a video encoder, frame processing, and transport of the frames over an IP (Internet protocol) network. The pipelined architecture provides a method to overlap processing with DMA, encoding and network transport latency so that streams can be processed with optimal scalability. The model expectations were compared with experimental test results and found to be consistent. The model is therefore expected to provide a good estimate for the scalability of streaming video-on-demand systems. Video-on-demand is a rapidly growing service segment for entertainment, advertising, on-line education, and a myriad of emergent applications.","PeriodicalId":185834,"journal":{"name":"2005 IEEE Region 5 and IEEE Denver Section Technical, Professional and Student Development Workshop","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116871390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Multiple-description PCM speech coding by complementary asymmetric vector quantizers","authors":"S. Voran","doi":"10.1109/TPSD.2005.1614348","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TPSD.2005.1614348","url":null,"abstract":"We describe new 2-channel multiple-description speech coders based on the ITU-T recommendation G.711 PCM speech coder. The new coders operate in the PCM code domain in order to exploit the companding gain of PCM. They apply pairs of complementary asymmetric 2D vector quantizers to each pair of PCM codes, thus exploiting the correlation between adjacent speech samples. If both quantizer outputs are received (two channels working), they are combined to generate an approximation to the original pair of PCM codes. If only one quantizer output is received (one channel failed, one channel working), a coarser approximation is still possible. The vector quantizers use rectangular cells, and the aspect ratio of the cells controls the speech-quality trade-off between the two-channel and one-channel cases.","PeriodicalId":185834,"journal":{"name":"2005 IEEE Region 5 and IEEE Denver Section Technical, Professional and Student Development Workshop","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127621778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
O. Smart, Greg Worrell, George Vachtsevanos, Brian Litt
{"title":"Automatic detection of high frequency epileptiform oscillations from intracranial EEG recordings of patients with neocortical epilepsy","authors":"O. Smart, Greg Worrell, George Vachtsevanos, Brian Litt","doi":"10.1109/TPSD.2005.1614347","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TPSD.2005.1614347","url":null,"abstract":"High frequency epileptiform oscillations (HFEOs) have been observed before neocortical seizures on intracranial EEG recordings. There is suggestion that HFEOs may localize epileptic brain regions important to seizure generation in humans, a finding that would be valuable for understanding, diagnosing, and treating epilepsy. In this paper, an automated approach for detecting HFEOs is described. Fuzzy clustering and histograms are used to characterize HFEO events. Compared to neurologist markings, the algorithm detected 87% of the HFEOs while achieving 68% precision and 90% specificity, without training. Applied to thirty-five minute seizure records obtained from six patients, spatial and temporal localization of HFEOs were observed in 77% and 61% of the segments respectively. Results highlight the potential of the method to identify brain regions vital to seizure generation by tracking the spatio-temporal evolution of high frequency seizure precursors in the epileptic network.","PeriodicalId":185834,"journal":{"name":"2005 IEEE Region 5 and IEEE Denver Section Technical, Professional and Student Development Workshop","volume":"91 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124672879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Closed-loop adaptive supply voltage scaling controller for low-power embedded processors","authors":"S. Dhar, G. Mortensen","doi":"10.1109/TPSD.2005.1614339","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TPSD.2005.1614339","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes a hardware controller that reduces active power consumption in standard cell ASICs by adaptively adjusting the supply voltage to varying performance requirements. The hardware controller is embedded on the same die as the application ASIC. It consists of a hardware performance monitor, control logic and a serial interface logic. These functions combine to form a closed-loop that regulates the speed of the application. The proposed scheme has been implemented in a video processor designed in a 0.18 /spl mu/m standard CMOS process. Experimental results demonstrate operation over a wide frequency range of 6 MHz to 48 MHz and up to 60% power savings when compared to an open-loop scheme.","PeriodicalId":185834,"journal":{"name":"2005 IEEE Region 5 and IEEE Denver Section Technical, Professional and Student Development Workshop","volume":"79 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133442306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An embedded real-time autonomic architecture","authors":"Sam Siewert, Z. Pfeffer","doi":"10.1109/TPSD.2005.1614346","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TPSD.2005.1614346","url":null,"abstract":"Autonomic computing is a set of new architectural goals envisioned by IBM and inspired by the human autonomic system. Autonomic architecture is intended to avoid a management crisis that looms based upon the success of Moore's law. If we continue to increase storage, memory, processing and 10 resources at present rates and manage them the way we have, IBM projects a system administration crisis. The proposed autonomic architecture has four goals for systems: self configuring, self-healing, self-optimizing, and self-protecting. In this paper, we examine how autonomic architecture goals apply to real-time embedded systems rather than the enterprise systems that IBM has focused upon.","PeriodicalId":185834,"journal":{"name":"2005 IEEE Region 5 and IEEE Denver Section Technical, Professional and Student Development Workshop","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123711287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The design of a polishing procedure for investigating profiles formed by DRIE to fabricate through-silicon vias","authors":"D. McBride, S. Polamreddy, S. Burkett, L. Schaper","doi":"10.1109/TPSD.2005.1614341","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TPSD.2005.1614341","url":null,"abstract":"To integrate future 3D electronic circuits that contain vertical interconnects, the cross sectional profile of each connecting via must be precisely known. Through silicon vias (TSVs) are one approach to vertical interconnects and the subject of this paper. To investigate these vias, a small wafer sample is mechanically polished and viewed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The vias that were formed in this research were 4-8 /spl mu/m in diameter and 20-30 /spl mu/m deep. To analyze the characteristics of the vias, the average surface variation on the edge of polished samples needs to be 100 nanometers or less. In this research, it was found that an average surface variation of less than 10 nm can be achieved within 45 minutes of polishing by utilizing a specially designed sample holder. This polishing procedure offers benefits over other sample preparation procedures such as epoxy potting and polishing because this new method is reproducible, reliable and beneficial to overall sample analysis.","PeriodicalId":185834,"journal":{"name":"2005 IEEE Region 5 and IEEE Denver Section Technical, Professional and Student Development Workshop","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123071918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A time linear arrival approach to the control of flexible structures","authors":"C. Cutforth, A. Naik","doi":"10.1109/TPSD.2005.1614338","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TPSD.2005.1614338","url":null,"abstract":"While a bang-off-bang command is the time optimal command for maneuvering a rigid body, when implemented in a flexible structure significant residual vibration can result. To reduce residual vibration, an algorithm that has been used is to approach the destination linearly in the phase plane. While this significantly reduces vibration, the method results in an exponential time domain expression that can take a very long time. This paper presents an arrival algorithm that decreases linearly in the time domain. The result is a maneuver that takes longer than a bang-off-bang command, but is less aggressive. When compared to the phase linear arrival approach the time linear arrival is more aggressive, but can be completed in a specified amount of time.","PeriodicalId":185834,"journal":{"name":"2005 IEEE Region 5 and IEEE Denver Section Technical, Professional and Student Development Workshop","volume":"117 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125552678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A concurrent processing approach for software defined radio baseband design","authors":"H. Myler, S.A. Bagasrawala, N. V. Narayana","doi":"10.1109/TPSD.2005.1614342","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TPSD.2005.1614342","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we present a transceiver architecture that incorporates an ultra-high performance software programmable SIMD based processor for digital communications in order to perform many of the intensive baseband processing modules required by a software defined radio (SDR). The parallel processor is used as the core of the transceiver and its usage for physical layer functions in wireless communications is evaluated. The parallel core consists of an array of identical processing elements and a reconfigurable intercommunication network for concurrent data processing. Complete high level software programmability of the core provides the desired flexibility over ASIC based systems and may reduce the time-to-market period and overall design costs. The array-based architecture also addresses the high speed performance requirements typically lacking in DSP architectures for processing realtime data streaming from the RF front end. It also matches FPGA technology in terms of raw performance while incorporating complete reconfigurability to realize the goal of multimode systems.","PeriodicalId":185834,"journal":{"name":"2005 IEEE Region 5 and IEEE Denver Section Technical, Professional and Student Development Workshop","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125154513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Testing of fixed broadband wireless systems at 5.8 GHz","authors":"T. Schwengler, N. Pendharkar","doi":"10.1109/TPSD.2005.1614344","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TPSD.2005.1614344","url":null,"abstract":"The advent of 802.16-2004 standard for wireless metro area network (MAN) has created interest amongst telecom service providers. Equipment manufacturers are already marketing point-to-point and point-to-multipoint broadband wireless systems in the 5.8 GHz unlicensed band for fixed applications. Before deploying on a large scale, a precise estimate of capacity and coverage of these systems is needed. This report gives an insight on expected throughput and performance for equipment based on 802.16-2004, using TDD, OFDM, 256 FFT, and many of the WiMAX choices made for use at 5.8 GHz. Tests are setup in different environments, in the lab and outdoors: we first report on a study in a controlled lab environment, where radio multipaths and fades are generated by a channel emulator, simulating Stanford University Interim (SUI) channel models; then the same radio system is tested for throughput in a suburban area in Denver. The two experiments are compared.","PeriodicalId":185834,"journal":{"name":"2005 IEEE Region 5 and IEEE Denver Section Technical, Professional and Student Development Workshop","volume":"2013 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130121237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Design of a VLSI FPGA integrated circuit","authors":"J. Malik, A. Ojha","doi":"10.1109/TPSD.2005.1614340","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TPSD.2005.1614340","url":null,"abstract":"Field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) are extensively used in rapid prototyping and verification of a conceptual design and also used in electronic systems when the mask-production of a custom IC becomes prohibitively expensive due to the small quantity. In addition to their usefulness as mentioned above, their internal structure also makes them as a suitable vehicle to learn all aspects of VLSI design because they consist of combinational logic in the form of LUT (look up table), flip-flops as sequential building blocks, and memory for programmability. VLSI design requires a careful forethought about the entire design process with special attention to floorplanning, layout, routing, transistor sizing, clock and power distribution, and timing analysis. This paper describes all these aspects of VLSI design as applied to the design of a simple FPGA that was designed as an individual project in a VLSI class. The size of the FPGA was restricted to the one that could fit into the MOSIS 40-pin TinyChip padframe. The FPGA consisted of 3-input LUTs as configurable logic blocks, and a chain of shift registers to hold the configuration bits. In addition, output flip-flops were also provided so that a state machine could be implemented in the FPGA. Circuit details of the components are provided in this paper. The layout of the FPGA was done using Magic, and its performance was verified using the IRSIM digital simulator. Finally, the FPGA was programmed to build a traffic light controller. The design process served as a very useful tool to learn about VLSI design since it encompassed all possible aspects of a complex VLSI design.","PeriodicalId":185834,"journal":{"name":"2005 IEEE Region 5 and IEEE Denver Section Technical, Professional and Student Development Workshop","volume":"93 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123360423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}