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The effect of beta-blockade in ski-jumpers. -阻滞剂对滑雪运动员的影响。
Medicine and science in sports Pub Date : 1979-01-01
T Videman, T Sonck, J Jänne
{"title":"The effect of beta-blockade in ski-jumpers.","authors":"T Videman,&nbsp;T Sonck,&nbsp;J Jänne","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nine ski-jumpers from the Finnish Olympic team were given 40 mg of oxprenolol or placebo on a cross-over double-blind basis when participating in four internal competitions. Six ski-jumpers improved their performances when on oxprenolol. The improvement was mainly seen in the lengthening of the jumps. The tachycardia, apparently evoked by the emotional and physical strain associated with the actual jump, approached rather extreme levels (up to 170 beats/min) immediately after landing. The enhancement in the heart rate was effectively prevented by a gentle beta-blockade. The most common unwanted effect recorded was numbness in the legs after climbing up to the tower platform, reported 9 times out of 18 possible occasions after oxprenolol but never after placebo. The fact that three of the jumpers (out of 9) performed worse when on oxprenolol makes the toxic/benefit ratio (1:2) unacceptably high for the medication.</p>","PeriodicalId":18528,"journal":{"name":"Medicine and science in sports","volume":"11 3","pages":"266-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1979-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"11726311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Alterations in pulmonary function consequent to competitive marathon running. 竞技马拉松后肺功能的改变。
Medicine and science in sports Pub Date : 1979-01-01
M B Maron, L H Hamilton, M G Maksud
{"title":"Alterations in pulmonary function consequent to competitive marathon running.","authors":"M B Maron,&nbsp;L H Hamilton,&nbsp;M G Maksud","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study was designed to investigate the mechanisms underlying the significant reductions in vital capacity after marathon racing originally reported over 50 years ago. Spirometric, maximum expiratory flow-volume (MEFV), DLCO and residual volume (RV) measurements were made on 13 runners (11 males and 2 females) 1--2 weeks prior to the marathon, immediately after finishing the race, and again the next day. An average 0.48 L (8.6%) reduction in post-race forced vital capacity (FVC) was accompanied by an equivalent increase in RV. Thus, total lung capacity did not change, and the reduction in FVC was a result of an expiratory rather than an inspiratory limitation. Post-race FEV1 and FEF200-1200 remained unchanged while FEV1-2, FEF1 and FEF2 were reduced 19.7, 26.7 and 23.3%, respectively. Mean DLCO was unchanged. Pulmonary function on the following day was similar to that observed on the control day. These data indicated that after the race, expiratory flow was unaffected at high lung volumes, but was decreased at low lung volumes (within the effort-independent portion of the MEFV curve). The results are compatible with small airway closure occurring at an increased lung volume, which would result in a decreased FVC and an increased RV.</p>","PeriodicalId":18528,"journal":{"name":"Medicine and science in sports","volume":"11 3","pages":"244-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1979-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"11726477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Plasma lactate accumulation and distance running performance. 血浆乳酸积累与长跑表现。
Medicine and science in sports Pub Date : 1979-01-01
P A Farrell, J H Wilmore, E F Coyle, J E Billing, D L Costill
{"title":"Plasma lactate accumulation and distance running performance.","authors":"P A Farrell,&nbsp;J H Wilmore,&nbsp;E F Coyle,&nbsp;J E Billing,&nbsp;D L Costill","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Laboratory and field assessments were made on eighteen male distance runners. Performance data were obtained for distances of 3.2, 9.7, 15, 19.3 km (n = 18) and the marathon (n = 13). Muscle fiber composition expressed as percent of slow twitch fibers (%ST), maximal oxygen consumption (Vo2max), running economy (Vo2 for a treadmill velocity of 268 m/min), and the Vo2 and treadmill velocity corresponding to the onset of plasma lactate accumulation (OPLA) were determined for each subject. %ST (R greater than or equal to .47), Vo2max (r greater than or equal to .83), running economy (r greater than or equal to .49), Vo2 in ml/kg min corresponding to the OPLA (r greater than or equal to .91) and the treadmill velocity corresponding to the OPLA (r greater than or equal to .91) were significantly (p less than .05) related to performance at all distances. Multiple regression analysis howed that the treadmill velocity corresponding to the OPLA was most closely related to performance and the addition of other factors did not significantly raise the multiple R values suggesting that these other variables may interact with the purpose of keeping plasma lactates low during distance races. The slowest and fastest marathoners ran their marathons 7 and 3 m/min faster than their treadmill velocities corresponding to their OPLA which indicates that this relationship is independent of the competitive level of the runner. Runners appear to set a race pace which allows the utilization of the largest possible Vo2 which just avoids the exponential rise in plasma lactate.</p>","PeriodicalId":18528,"journal":{"name":"Medicine and science in sports","volume":"11 4","pages":"338-44"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1979-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"11733403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Prediction of maximal oxygen uptake in boys, ages 7-15 years. 7-15岁男孩最大摄氧量预测。
Medicine and science in sports Pub Date : 1979-01-01
A Bonen, V H Heyward, K J Cureton, R A Boileau, B H Massey
{"title":"Prediction of maximal oxygen uptake in boys, ages 7-15 years.","authors":"A Bonen,&nbsp;V H Heyward,&nbsp;K J Cureton,&nbsp;R A Boileau,&nbsp;B H Massey","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Predictions of Vo2max (1 min-1 and ml kg-1 min-1) were obtained via multiple regression procedures from a sample of 100 boys, ages 6.7-14.8 years. Prediction equations for Vo2max (1 min-1) were obtained from the subjects' height, and the Vo2 (1 min-1) and heart rate observed during the third min of a treadmill walk (R = 0.95; CV = +/- 9.3%). A similar prediction was obtained when the subjects' age, height and weight were used (R = -0.94; CV = +/- 9.7%). Vo2max (ml kg-1 min-1) was predicted with similar accuracy (CV = +/- 8.4%) from age, and heart rate, VCO2(1 min-1), Vo2 (ml kg min-1), or from simply age, height and weight (CV = +/- 9.2%). Cross-validation of the equations with another sample of 39 boys demonstrated that the prediction equations based on laboratory data were quite stable, % errors approximately 1-2 +/- 9%. However, the equations based on age, height and weight underestimated the Vo2max slightly, both in 1 min (X = -0.091 min) and ml kg min (X = -2.2 ml kg min, P less than 0.05). The results indicate that reasonably reliable and accurate estimates of Vo2max for children may be obtained from either laboratory data, or simply from their age, height and weight.</p>","PeriodicalId":18528,"journal":{"name":"Medicine and science in sports","volume":"11 1","pages":"24-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1979-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"11684636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Relationships among training, heat acclimation, and heat tolerance in men and women: the controversy revisited. 训练、热适应和男女热耐受性之间的关系:重新讨论的争议。
Medicine and science in sports Pub Date : 1979-01-01
C V Gisolfi, J S Cohen
{"title":"Relationships among training, heat acclimation, and heat tolerance in men and women: the controversy revisited.","authors":"C V Gisolfi,&nbsp;J S Cohen","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>For more than a decade there has been a controversy over the beneficial effects of physical training in a cool environment on exercise-heat tolerance. The issues include (a) inadequate controls regarding the physical characteristics of subjects, (b) marked variability in the conditions of the standard heat tolerance tests and (c) differences in the intensity and duration of the training programs employed. Intense training in a cool environment cannot serve as a substitute for exercise in the heat if acclimation is desired within a 2 week period. However, a substantial improvement (50%) in heat tolerance can be derived from 8-11 weeks of training under temperate conditions (21 degrees C) and thermal equilibrium can be maintained for at least 4 hours during mild work (200 W/m2) in dry or wet heat by endurance runners. These adjustments occur in both men and women and appear to be independent of aerobic capacity. The key to improved thermal tolerance with training in a cool environment is maintenance of an elevated core temperature for a sufficient duration of time to produce an adaptive response.</p>","PeriodicalId":18528,"journal":{"name":"Medicine and science in sports","volume":"11 1","pages":"56-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1979-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"11686974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Control of skin circulation during exercise and heat stress. 在运动和热应激时控制皮肤循环。
Medicine and science in sports Pub Date : 1979-01-01
M F Roberts, C B Wenger
{"title":"Control of skin circulation during exercise and heat stress.","authors":"M F Roberts,&nbsp;C B Wenger","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>At any given environmental and mean skin temperature, exercise brings about an increase in internal body temperature and skin blood flow. At high environmental temperatures, when skin temperature is elevated, skin blood flow at any given internal temperature reaches higher levels than at cooler skin temperatures. Increased cutaneous blood flow serves to deliver metabolic heat from the core to the skin, where the heat is lost to the environment by convective, radiative, and evaporative mechanisms. However, at high levels of skin blood flow, peripheral vascular pooling and fluid losses by filtration lead to reduced central venous pressure. This lowers cardiac stroke volume, and requires a higher heart rate to maintain a given cardiac output. Mechanisms which alleviate some of the cardiovascular strain produced by exercise in the heat include the following: acutely, reflexes which arise from receptors in working muscles produce vasoconstriction in a number of central and peripheral vascular beds. Other reflexes, arising from cardiac baroreceptors, produce additional peripheral vasoconstriction when cardiac filling is impaired. In the long term, physical conditioning and heat acclimation lead to increases in sweat output during thermal stress, leading to cooler skin and core temperature during exercise, and decreasing the level of skin blood flow needed for regulation of body temperature.</p>","PeriodicalId":18528,"journal":{"name":"Medicine and science in sports","volume":"11 1","pages":"36-41"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1979-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"11684638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Cardiorespiratory health, reaction time and aging. 心肺健康，反应时间和衰老。
Medicine and science in sports Pub Date : 1979-01-01
D E Sherwood, D J Selder
{"title":"Cardiorespiratory health, reaction time and aging.","authors":"D E Sherwood,&nbsp;D J Selder","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Visual simple and choice reaction time (RT) tests were administered to 64 male and female volunteers 23 to 59 years of age. One half of the subjects were runners involved in rigorous training programs averaging 42 miles per week. The other half of the subjects were sedentary adults. Eighty simple and 100 choice reaction time trials were given with a variable foreperiod ranging from 400 to 1100 msec. Five catch trials were given in both simple and choice reaction time conditions. The results indicated that there was a gradual decline in RT performance as age increased. However, this trend was not evident in the trained group. Reaction time remained constant with age within the trained group. It was concluded that a high state of cardiorespiratory training may prevent cognitive decrements in performance with age.</p>","PeriodicalId":18528,"journal":{"name":"Medicine and science in sports","volume":"11 2","pages":"186-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1979-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"11696966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Symposium on Exercise in the Post-Coronary Patient. 冠状动脉术后患者运动研讨会。
Medicine and science in sports Pub Date : 1979-01-01
{"title":"Symposium on Exercise in the Post-Coronary Patient.","authors":"","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18528,"journal":{"name":"Medicine and science in sports","volume":"11 4","pages":"362-85"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1979-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"11265484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Changes in bone mineral content following ligamentous knee injuries. 膝关节韧带损伤后骨矿物质含量的变化。
Medicine and science in sports Pub Date : 1979-01-01 DOI: 10.1249/00005768-197901140-00008
S. Andersson, B. Nilsson
{"title":"Changes in bone mineral content following ligamentous knee injuries.","authors":"S. Andersson, B. Nilsson","doi":"10.1249/00005768-197901140-00008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1249/00005768-197901140-00008","url":null,"abstract":"In 44 patients with clinical signs of ligamentous injuries to the knee-joint without fracture, the bone mineral content was measured by gamma absorptiometry in the proximal end of the tibia and the fibula. The injuries caused a loss of an average 10% in those patients who had no signs of complete tears of knee ligaments and were therefore treated only with an ace-bandage and for a shortime, whereas the loss was 18% in those who were operated on with repair of ligamental injuries followed by plaster immobilization. Repeated injuries did not seem to cause further loss of mineral. There were no signs of restoration within the first year. The pre-injury bone mineral content was in these patients above that of an unselected control population, however, the post-traumatic loss of mineral brought the values down into a normal range.","PeriodicalId":18528,"journal":{"name":"Medicine and science in sports","volume":"77 1","pages":"351-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1979-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77825717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 47
The effect of training: physiological responses. 训练的效果:生理反应。
Medicine and science in sports Pub Date : 1979-01-01 DOI: 10.1249/00005768-197901140-00017
Cunningham Da, Ingram Kj, Rechnitzer Pa
{"title":"The effect of training: physiological responses.","authors":"Cunningham Da, Ingram Kj, Rechnitzer Pa","doi":"10.1249/00005768-197901140-00017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1249/00005768-197901140-00017","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18528,"journal":{"name":"Medicine and science in sports","volume":"161 1","pages":"379-81"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1979-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86452166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 6
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