Ciencia & Tecnología Agropecuaria最新文献_第5页

Efecto de cultivos piscícolas en los sedimentos y la proliferación de comunidades bacterianas nitrificantes en el lago Guamuez, Colombia 哥伦比亚瓜穆兹湖鱼类养殖对沉积物的影响和硝化细菌群落的增殖

Ciencia & Tecnología Agropecuaria Pub Date : 2021-05-20 DOI: 10.21930/RCTA.VOL22_NUM2_ART:1581

Elizabeth Burbano-Gallardo, Guillermo Nivia-Duque, Marco A. Imúes-Figueroa, E. Gonzalez-Legarda, Mario Gómez-Delgado, Jonny Pantoja-Díaz

{"title":"Efecto de cultivos piscícolas en los sedimentos y la proliferación de comunidades bacterianas nitrificantes en el lago Guamuez, Colombia","authors":"Elizabeth Burbano-Gallardo, Guillermo Nivia-Duque, Marco A. Imúes-Figueroa, E. Gonzalez-Legarda, Mario Gómez-Delgado, Jonny Pantoja-Díaz","doi":"10.21930/RCTA.VOL22_NUM2_ART:1581","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21930/RCTA.VOL22_NUM2_ART:1581","url":null,"abstract":"La piscicultura altera los sedimentos y la microbiota en cuerpos de agua debido a los residuos de concentrados, sustancias químicas y desechos provenientes del metabolismo de los animales en producción. El presente estudio determinó el efecto de la producción extensiva, semiintensiva e intensiva de trucha arcoíris (Oncorhynchus mykiss) en los sedimentos y la proliferación de comunidades bacterianas nitrificantes. Se analizó nitrógeno total, fósforo total, carbono orgánico total y materia orgánica, y su relación con la presencia de bacterias nitrificantes (bacterias oxidantes de amonio [BOA] y bacterias oxidantes de nitritos [BON]) en el sedimento del lago Guamuez, ubicado en el departamento de Nariño, Colombia. Los datos recolectados fueron sometidos a un análisis de varianza (ANOVA) y de correlación múltiple, usando el software Statgraphics Centurion XV. Las variables evaluadas presentaron diferencias significativas (p < 0,05) entre los tres sistemas de cultivo y el punto control. Se encontró una correlación alta y positiva entre las bacterias nitrificantes y los compuestos nitrogenados, la materia orgánica y el fósforo medidos en el sedimento. Se concluyó que la presencia de bacterias nitrificantes depende de las cantidades de compuestos nitrogenados y materia orgánica existentes en el sedimento e incrementa a medida que se intensifica el sistema productivo.","PeriodicalId":185243,"journal":{"name":"Ciencia & Tecnología Agropecuaria","volume":"120 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121623641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Toxicological and ecotoxicological pressure assessment on the use of synthetic pesticides in Sancti Spíritus, Cuba 古巴Sancti Spíritus使用合成农药的毒理学和生态毒理学压力评估

Ciencia & Tecnología Agropecuaria Pub Date : 2021-05-07 DOI: 10.21930/RCTA.VOL22_NUM2_ART:1520

Edelbis López-Dávila, Michael Houbraken, Jasmine De Rop, G. Du Laing, Osvaldo Romero Romero, P. Spanoghe

{"title":"Toxicological and ecotoxicological pressure assessment on the use of synthetic pesticides in Sancti Spíritus, Cuba","authors":"Edelbis López-Dávila, Michael Houbraken, Jasmine De Rop, G. Du Laing, Osvaldo Romero Romero, P. Spanoghe","doi":"10.21930/RCTA.VOL22_NUM2_ART:1520","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21930/RCTA.VOL22_NUM2_ART:1520","url":null,"abstract":"A study to quantify the toxicity and ecotoxicological pressure of pesticides in the Sancti Spíritus province, Cuba, was carried out between 2011 and 2014. A longitudinal descriptive work was designed for the study period to identify potential risks to the environment and also to human health associated with the use of pesticides in the country. The Spread Equivalents (ƩSeq) and Pesticide Occupational and Environmental Risk (POCER) indicators, as well as the Toxic Load (TL) methodology of Instituto Cubano de Sanidad Vegetal, were used to determine the toxicity and ecotoxicity of pesticide use. One hundred and twenty-four active ingredients corresponding to 62 chemical families were applied in the province during the study period. Organophosphates, triazoles, sulfonylurea, pyrethroids, inorganic compounds (such as copper), carbamates, dithiocarbamates, neonicotinoids, aryloxyphenoxypropionates, and organochlorines predominated due to their use frequency. The use of toxic pesticides, and the lack of personal protection equipment, among others, made workers, residents, and applicators the toxicological modules with the highest risk of exposure. On the other hand, aquatic organisms, and the persistence of the pesticides in the soil and in groundwater, are the modules with the highest ecotoxicological pressure. By using the POCER and ƩSeq indicators, a more accurate toxicity and ecotoxicity assessment for certain pesticides can be performed in Cuba, in comparison to the one obtained when using only the TL equation currently employed in the country. In addition, substituting the most toxic pesticides (e.g., parathion, endosulfan, bifenthrin, copper oxychloride, mancozeb, paraquat, diquat, and ametryn) with less toxic ones (e.g., cypermethrin, tebuconazole, triadimenol, and bispyribac-sodium) could help reduce synthetic pesticide pressure on humans and the environment. \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":185243,"journal":{"name":"Ciencia & Tecnología Agropecuaria","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130792422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Physicochemical characterization of the pulp oil of bacuri Attalea phalerata Mart. ex Spreng. (Arecaceae) 巴库木浆油的理化性质研究。Spreng交货。(棕榈科)

Ciencia & Tecnología Agropecuaria Pub Date : 2020-12-18 DOI: 10.21930/rcta.vol21_num3_art:1791

Michelle Cardoso Coimbra, Débora Maria Moreno Luzia, N. Jorge

{"title":"Physicochemical characterization of the pulp oil of bacuri Attalea phalerata Mart. ex Spreng. (Arecaceae)","authors":"Michelle Cardoso Coimbra, Débora Maria Moreno Luzia, N. Jorge","doi":"10.21930/rcta.vol21_num3_art:1791","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21930/rcta.vol21_num3_art:1791","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the study was to characterize the pulp oil of bacuri Attalea phalerata Mart. ex Spreng. (Arecaceae) according to official analytical methods. Total phenolic and carotenoids contents were evaluated by spectrophotometry, and tocopherols composition by high-performance liquid chromatography. The fatty acid profile was obtained through gas chromatography from samples transesterified with potassium hydroxide in methanol and n-hexane. According to the proximate composition, bacuri pulp contained 41.5 % carbohydrates and 39.2 % lipids. Regarding its physicochemical properties, the oil showed a free fatty acids content of 0.7 %, a peroxide value of 1.4 meq/kg, a refractive index of 1.463, an iodine number of 84.3 g I2/100 g, a saponification number of 193.5 mg KOH/g, an unsaponifiable matter of 0.5 %, and 48.7 h of oxidative stability. Total phenolic, carotenoids, and tocopherols contents recorded values of 2.4 mg GAE/g, 243.0 µg/g, and 86.8 mg/kg, respectively. The bacuri oil showed a fatty acid composition similar to olive oil and a high percentage of unsaturation, finding 67.3 % of monounsaturated acids, and 11.3 % of polyunsaturated acids. The main fatty acids were oleic (67.3 %), palmitic (13.3 %), and linoleic (10.5 %). Due to its physicochemical characteristics, bacuri oil has a great potential to be used in food preparations, such as salad oil or in margarine formulation.","PeriodicalId":185243,"journal":{"name":"Ciencia & Tecnología Agropecuaria","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129913017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Occurrence of indigenous arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi associated with the rhizosphere of the naidí palm in Colombia 与哥伦比亚naidí棕榈根际有关的本地丛枝菌根真菌的发生

Ciencia & Tecnología Agropecuaria Pub Date : 2020-12-14 DOI: 10.21930/rcta.vol21_num3_art:1275

Sandra Patricia Montenegro Gómez, Silvia Eugenia Barrera Berdugo, Ramón Antonio Mosquera Mena

{"title":"Occurrence of indigenous arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi associated with the rhizosphere of the naidí palm in Colombia","authors":"Sandra Patricia Montenegro Gómez, Silvia Eugenia Barrera Berdugo, Ramón Antonio Mosquera Mena","doi":"10.21930/rcta.vol21_num3_art:1275","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21930/rcta.vol21_num3_art:1275","url":null,"abstract":"In the Colombian Pacific region, the naidí palm, Euterpe oleracea Mart. (Arecaceae) produces high-value fruit due to its high nutritional quality, representing an economic benefit to the families of the region. In this study, we evaluated the occurrence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in the rhizospheric soil of E. oleracea in Bajo Calima, Buenaventura. This is the first report of AMF of E. oleracea in Colombia. Surface soil samples (0-10 cm) were collected in two areas (L1 - under the influence of rice cropping and L2 - tropical rainforest). The chemical properties of the soil, the number of spores, and the mycorrhizal colonization in the root were established. We observed low mycorrhizal colonization (10 % in L1 and 4 % in L2), negatively correlated to the content of available phosphorus in the soil. However, significant differences between areas (p = 0.009) were recorded. Globose, subglobose, and ovoid spores were observed (660 and 791 spores/100 g soil in L1 and L2, respectively). Spores are represented in several morphotypes that can be classified as Claroideoglomeraceae, Glomeraceae, Diversisporaceae, Paraglomeraceae, and Ambisporaceae. High available P content (13.1 mg/kg in L1 and 20.5 mg/kg in L2), among other edaphic factors associated, could explain the low mycorrhizal colonization observed, especially when there are not enough studies linking ecological factors with AMF dynamics in tropical rainforests. On the other hand, spore abundances reported in the rhizospheric soil of E. oleracea suggest a high potential to explore indigenous AMF activity in the Colombian Pacific region to achieve sustainable production practices in this palm.","PeriodicalId":185243,"journal":{"name":"Ciencia & Tecnología Agropecuaria","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116923533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Efecto del tiempo de fermentación sobre la calidad nutricional del ensilaje de pulpa de Coffea arabica L. 发酵时间对小粒咖啡浆青贮营养品质的影响。

Ciencia & Tecnología Agropecuaria Pub Date : 2020-06-19 DOI: 10.21930/rcta.vol21_num3_art:1423

D. Flórez-Delgado

{"title":"Efecto del tiempo de fermentación sobre la calidad nutricional del ensilaje de pulpa de Coffea arabica L.","authors":"D. Flórez-Delgado","doi":"10.21930/rcta.vol21_num3_art:1423","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21930/rcta.vol21_num3_art:1423","url":null,"abstract":"La pulpa de café ha sido incorporada en los sistemas de producción pecuarios a través de su uso en silos dada su aceptable composición nutricional. La presente investigación se desarrolló en la finca La Gaviota, localizada en la vereda Matajira del municipio de Pamplonita (Colombia), con el objetivo de evaluar el efecto que tiene el tiempo de fermentación sobre la calidad nutricional del ensilaje de pulpa de café. Se emplearon tres tratamientos: 30, 45 y 90 días de fermentación y cuatro réplicas de 20 kg. Se aplicaron pruebas de estadística descriptiva, Anova de un factor con tres niveles y una significancia del 5 % bajo un diseño aleatorizado. Los parámetros de pH, fósforo (P) y polifenoles presentaron un comportamiento similar (p > 0,05) respecto al tiempo de fermentación, mientras que los valores de proteína, fibra detergente neutro (FDN), digestibilidad in vitro (DIV) y energía metabolizable (EM) —con medias de 13,50 %, 49,85 %, 57,20 % y 4,50 Mcal/kg MS, respectivamente— presentaron los mejores tenores en el T2 con un tiempo de fermentación de 45 días. Los valores de fibra detergente ácido (FDA) y calcio (Ca) fueron superiores en el T4 con 90 días de fermentación. Se concluye que el tiempo de fermentación tiene influencia sobre los parámetros nutricionales del ensilaje de pulpa de café.","PeriodicalId":185243,"journal":{"name":"Ciencia & Tecnología Agropecuaria","volume":"109 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115437753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Sostenibilidad ambiental de la producción de quinua (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) en los valles interandinos del Perú 秘鲁安第斯山谷藜麦(藜麦野生藜麦)生产的环境可持续性

Ciencia & Tecnología Agropecuaria Pub Date : 2020-06-04 DOI: 10.21930/rcta.vol21_num3_art:1309

Rember Emilio Pinedo taco, L. G. Gómez Pando, Alberto Marcial Julca Otidiano

{"title":"Sostenibilidad ambiental de la producción de quinua (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) en los valles interandinos del Perú","authors":"Rember Emilio Pinedo taco, L. G. Gómez Pando, Alberto Marcial Julca Otidiano","doi":"10.21930/rcta.vol21_num3_art:1309","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21930/rcta.vol21_num3_art:1309","url":null,"abstract":"En los últimos diez años, la producción de quinua en el Perú se ha intensificado, pasando de las prácticas tradicionales a sistemas de producción tecnificada en función de la demanda del mercado, lo que ha ocasionado cambios en términos económicos, sociales y, principalmente, ambientales. El objetivo de la investigación fue determinar los índices de sostenibilidad ambiental en tres comunidades productoras de quinua de la zona altoandina del departamento de Ayacucho, Perú. Bajo el enfoque metodológico de análisis multicriterio, se construyó una escala en porcentaje de valoración de sostenibilidad, siendo el valor cero (0) no sostenible, y 100 el umbral máximo de sostenibilidad. Para ello, se aplicaron encuestas con preguntas estructuradas en la dimensión ambiental. Los sistemas de producción de quinua alcanzan un Indicador Ambiental (IA) de 49,43 % o un rango de sostenibilidad baja. La variable de mayor contribución fue el riesgo de erosión (51,28 %), seguido del manejo de biodiversidad (48,68 %) y la conservación de la vida del suelo (48,32 %).","PeriodicalId":185243,"journal":{"name":"Ciencia & Tecnología Agropecuaria","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131016684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6