Medecine tropicale et sante internationale最新文献

{"title":"[Hip necrosis. A severe complication after intragluteal injection of quinine salt in Bangui, Central African Republic].","authors":"M Onimus,&nbsp;D S Ouaimon","doi":"10.48327/mtsibulletin.2021.120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48327/mtsibulletin.2021.120","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Intramuscular injection of quinine has been for long the most common treatment for malaria in children in endemic areas of Africa, especially sub-Saharan Africa, and remains too often used. However, it is frequently wrongly performed by unqualified people. When administered in a poorly developed or malnourished child, the injection can be done too deeply in the hip joint instead of the gluteus muscle area.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The files of 3012 children examined in out-patient clinics in Bangui, Central African Republic, between 2011 and 2020 were reviewed. Sequelae of intramuscular injections were observed in 307 cases, including intraquadricipital injection in 170 cases (56%) and intragluteal injection in 137 cases (44%). The latter included 115 sciatic paralysis and 22 hip sequelae with stiffness, shortening of the limb, limping and pain at walking. In these 22 cases, an intragluteal injection was incriminated by the families. However, 16 files were considered as insufficient because of imprecise history or because poor quality or no radiograph was available. Although suspected of being hip necrosis, these files were excluded. Six cases presented specific clinical pictures and interpretable radiographs and were included in this study.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The clinical and the radiographic aspects of this severe complication apparently not documented in the literature are analyzed. The well-known toxicity of quinine may be responsible of a necrosis involving both the femoral head and the acetabular roof, resulting in a painful joint, stiff in adduction, with limping and with an apparent marked shortening of the lower limb. Radiographs show a subtotal femoral head necrosis associated to an acetabular roof necrosis with an upward displacement of the epiphyseo-metaphysal femoral stump, the latter keeping a roughly spherical aspect and remaining well-covered and fitted in a relatively deep neo-acetabulum.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>In the African background, this picture of coxopathy occurring in childhood may suggest an avascular necrosis of the femoral head complicating a sickle-cells disease, or above all sequelae of septic osteoarthritis. Treatments are limited to the prescription of a partial weight bearing of the hip.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Although no irrefutable arguments are existing, the observed clinical and radiographic pictures are sufficiently clear and typical to individualize this severe iatrogenic complication which should be avoided by a good technic or by using the intravenous way when necessary.</p>","PeriodicalId":18493,"journal":{"name":"Medecine tropicale et sante internationale","volume":"1 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9128448/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10620280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Haemorrhagic Stroke after Snakebite Envenomation Resulting in Irreversible Blindness in a 6-Year-Old Child in Mali].","authors":"A Yalcouyé,&nbsp;S H Diallo,&nbsp;S Diallo,&nbsp;G Landouré,&nbsp;T Bagayoko,&nbsp;O Maiga,&nbsp;Z Fomba,&nbsp;D Djibo,&nbsp;C O Guinto,&nbsp;Y Maiga","doi":"10.48327/mtsibulletin.2021.116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48327/mtsibulletin.2021.116","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Snakebite envenomation can cause serious damage. Here, we report the case of a six-year-old male child bitten by a snake.</p><p><strong>Clinical description: </strong>The child presented a gingivorrhagia, abdominal pain, bloody vomiting and severe headache from a snakebite. Neurological examination showed paralysis of the III cranial nerve associated with bilateral blindness and mydriasis, unreactive on the right. The brain scan revealed a left frontal hematoma. The course on antivenom was marked by the disappearance of clinical signs except blindness which remained 18 months after discharge.</p><p><strong>Discussion - conclusion: </strong>The hemorrhagic syndrome evoked viper bite. Blindness is rarely seen as a result of viperine envenomation. In our case, the presence of intracranial hypertension, absence of ocular lesions and scanner were in favor of compression of the optic nerves which resulted in permanent blindness.</p>","PeriodicalId":18493,"journal":{"name":"Medecine tropicale et sante internationale","volume":"1 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9022746/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9640026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Aids and Covid-19, two emblematic diseases of global health].","authors":"S Tchiombiano","doi":"10.48327/mtsimagazine.n1.2021.93","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48327/mtsimagazine.n1.2021.93","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>While the concept of \"Global Health\" has existed since the late 1990s, it is now part of the everyday language of international public health experts, but how can this approach be characterized? Because they transcend borders, because they call for collective and coordinated actions at the global level, and because they require a tripartite approach (multidisciplinary, multi-actor and multisectoral), the AIDS and Covid-19 epidemics illustrate perfectly, each in its own way, this new approach. The fight against AIDS can be considered, in a way, as a laboratory for global health. By provoking, along with others, the reorganization of the international health aid architecture, by stimulating the emergence of new actors on the international scene, and by contributing to the breakdown of borders and disciplines, AIDS has certainly accelerated this new way of thinking about health issues. The Covid-19 crisis is converting the try and forcing the international community to become aware of this new imperative: we have no other choice than global health, cooperation and solidarity on a global scale.</p>","PeriodicalId":18493,"journal":{"name":"Medecine tropicale et sante internationale","volume":"1 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9137244/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10308252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Lymphatic Filariasis Transmission Assessment Survey in Burkina Faso in Connection with 4 Districts].","authors":"A. Kima, K. T. Guiguemde, M. Serme, Z. Méda, R. Bougma, J. Djiatsa, C. Bougouma, F. Drabo","doi":"10.48327/mtsibulletin.n1.2021.83","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48327/mtsibulletin.n1.2021.83","url":null,"abstract":"Objective\u0000In this impact survey on the preventive chemotherapy against lymphatic filariasis, the national neglected tropical diseases programme team conducted a Transmission Assessment Survey in the health districts of Leo, Sapouy, Boromo and Dedougou. The purpose of this study was to assess lymphatic filariasis transmission in these four districts (included in two evaluation units (EU): Boucle du Mouhoun 3 and Centre-Ouest 2 after more than ten to thirteen years of mass drug treatment.\u0000\u0000\u0000Methodology\u0000The study was a cross sectional survey which targeted the school aged children based on the cluster survey method conducted at community level.\u0000\u0000\u0000Results\u0000Among the 1649 school aged children covered by the survey in the Centre Ouest EU, four were found positive at the Filariasis Test Strip (FTS), i.e. the proportion of children with circulating filarial antigens (i.e. with live adult stages of W. bancrofti ) was 0.24%. In the BMH3 EU, none of the 1716 children tested was FTS-positive.\u0000\u0000\u0000Conclusion\u0000From the findings, we can infer that filariasis transmission has been interrupted in these districts and that mass treatment with albendazole and ivermectin can be stopped.","PeriodicalId":18493,"journal":{"name":"Medecine tropicale et sante internationale","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85542979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Sleeping Sickness: A Cause of False Positive HIV Rapid Diagnostic Tests].","authors":"J. Bonnet, S. Ducroix-Roubertou, S. Rogez, D. Ajzenberg, B. Courtioux, J. Faucher","doi":"10.48327/mtsibulletin.2021.115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48327/mtsibulletin.2021.115","url":null,"abstract":"Approaching the mechanisms related to false positives HIV rapid diagnostic tests (RDT) in patients with sleeping sickness may help to improve the accuracy of screening for HIV infection in areas endemic for Human African trypanosomiasis (HAT).We report on a patient from Congo who was managed like an AIDS-associated meningoencephalitis, based on a false positive HIV RDT at admission, and eventually received a diagnosis of sleeping sickness. A further retrospective cohort study performed in patients with HAT shows that most of positive HIV RDT obtained prior to treatment for sleeping sickness are false positives. We found that half of them were cleared at the end of treatment course, suggesting an early clearance of some antibodies involved in cross-reactivity.A substantial clearance of HIV RDT false positives occurs during therapy for HAT. In areas where Elisa HIV tests are not readily available, repeating the HIV RDT at the end of therapy may help to identify roughly half of false positives.","PeriodicalId":18493,"journal":{"name":"Medecine tropicale et sante internationale","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79618019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Lessons from the Malaria Vector Control Program Based on Indoors Residual Spraying with DDT or Dieldrin in the Pilot Zone of Bobo-Dioulasso: Failure or Success?]","authors":"P Carnevale,&nbsp;F Fouque,&nbsp;F Gay,&nbsp;S Manguin","doi":"10.48327/mtsibulletin.V9I9.66","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48327/mtsibulletin.V9I9.66","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>During five years, from 1953, a village scale indoors residual spraying (IRS) was done in the pilot zone of Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso, with DDT or dieldrin (DLN) or even HCH with a conceptually both entomological and parasitological evaluation [18].Compared to the control area, DDT induced an approximatively 95% and 67% reduction in the landing rate of <i>Anopheles gambiae</i>, respectively inside and outside human houses but due to its irritant action, DDT greatly increased their exophagic behaviour. However, DLN had no impact on the landing rate of <i>An. gambiae</i> either indoors or outdoors due to the already noticed resistance of this species to this insecticide. The sporozoitic index of <i>An. gambiae</i> was reduced by 96% in the DDT treated areas and by 70% in the DLN treated area.DDT reduced the landing rates of Anopheles funestus by 98% and 91%, inside and outside treated houses respectively. With DLN, these reductions were 98% and 97%, respectively. The sporozoitic index of <i>An. funestus</i> was reduced by 95% in areas treated with DDT.Thus, vector control has reduced malaria transmission due to the two main vectors, <i>An. gambiae</i> and <i>An. funestus</i>, by some 99.8% in DDT treated villages compared to control villages. DLN reduced transmission from <i>An. funestus</i> by 99.9%, but almost not from <i>An. gambiae</i> . Overall, the implementation of vector control based on indoor residual spraying with DDT or DLN reduced by 99.9% the transmission of human Plasmodium in the villages of the pilot zone and therefore the program can be considered as entomologically successful.In children aged 2-9 years (target group for endemicity indices) the splenic index was 84.3% (n = 979) in the control area and 44.4% (n = 8920) in the treated areas (difference -47.3%), the plasmodial prevalence was 60.6% (n = 946) in the control zone and 38.0% (n = 7242) in the treated zones (difference - 37%) but the relatively high level of plasmodic or splenic index in treated villages showed that transmission was maintained at such a level that the program could be considered as a \"semi-failure\".Besides, the gametocytic indices remained at the same levels (3.28%, n = 946 in the control zone and 3.04%, n = 7242 in the treated zones) indicating the maintenance of the \"reservoir of parasites\" and the remaining possibilities of transmission.Compared to the control area, the index of new contamination was significantly lower in infants 0-3 months and 4 to 6 months in DDT treated villages but not in infants 7 to 12 months demonstrating that the control vector had some efficacy in the prevention of plasmodial infection but \"all newborns were infected within one year\" demonstrating that <i>P. falciparum</i> transmission was not completely stopped.In spite of its striking drop, the transmission was not fully stopped, and the programme was considered as a \"semi-failure\" or even a \"failure\" and inducing a complete shift in malaria control policy from vect","PeriodicalId":18493,"journal":{"name":"Medecine tropicale et sante internationale","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9022765/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10521190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Tropical otitis].","authors":"N I Lengane,&nbsp;R Nacanabo,&nbsp;A Goueta,&nbsp;S Maiga,&nbsp;E E M Nao,&nbsp;Y M C Gyebre,&nbsp;M Ouattara,&nbsp;K Ouoba","doi":"10.48327/KQZA-2C12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48327/KQZA-2C12","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A 68-year-old patient presents with chronic right-sided otorrhea associated with hypoacousis and chronic cough. Otoscopy showed multiple perforations of the right eardrum. The search of acid-fast bacilli was positive for direct examination of sputum and negative for the examination of ear pus. A antituberculosis treatment has been initiated.</p>","PeriodicalId":18493,"journal":{"name":"Medecine tropicale et sante internationale","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9128460/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10601659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Place of theses and dissertations in the scientific publications of dermato-venereology teachers of the University of Lome (Togo)].","authors":"G Mahamadou,&nbsp;B Saka,&nbsp;W Gnassingbé,&nbsp;S Akakpo,&nbsp;J Téclessou,&nbsp;K Kombaté,&nbsp;K Tchangai-Walla,&nbsp;P Pitché","doi":"10.48327/V6RZ-NP67","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48327/V6RZ-NP67","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aim of this study was to situate the place of theses and dissertations (senior healthcare technicians, D.E.S or master) in the scientific publications of dermato-venerology teachers at the University of Lomé (Togo). We listed the theses and dissertations on dermato-venerology between 1990 and 2016, in three institutions of the University of Lomé and consulted databases (Medline, Inist, registers of the service) to search for publications by teachers during this period. A total of 41 theses and 50 dissertations were completed, on infectious dermatoses and STI/HIV (46.1%), immunoallergic dermatoses (11.0%) and tumour dermatoses (8.8%). Of these 91 works, 56 (including 28 theses) were published in indexed (21 theses and 26 dissertations) or non-indexed (7 theses and 2 dissertations) journals. These 56 publications represented 27.7% of the 202 publications made by the dermato-venerology teachers at the University of Lomé during this period. Of the 28 published theses, the MD student was the first author in one case (3,6%) This work shows that theses and dissertations in dermato-venerology represent almost one third of the publications in this discipline in Togo.</p>","PeriodicalId":18493,"journal":{"name":"Medecine tropicale et sante internationale","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9128463/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10620272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Monitoring the Efficacy of Artemether-Lumefantrine in the Treatment of Uncomplicated Plasmodium Falciparum Malaria by Kelch 13 Gene Mutations in Bangui, Central African Republic].","authors":"W. S. Nambei, U. Biago, O. Balizou, S. Pounguinza, M. Moyen, C. Ndoua, J. Gody","doi":"10.48327/mtsibulletin.n1.2021.82","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48327/mtsibulletin.n1.2021.82","url":null,"abstract":"Background\u0000Drug resistance remains a major challenge for the management of malaria. This study investigated the efficacy of antimalarial combination artemether-lumefantrine (AL) in the treatment of uncomplicated malaria in Bangui, Central African Republic.\u0000\u0000\u0000Materials and methods\u0000An evaluative cross-sectional study was conducted between the 15th February and the 7th March 2017 in the Complexe Pédiatrique in Bangui among children aged 6 months to 15 years. Clinical outcome was classified according to WHO criteria as adequate clinical and parasitological response (ACPR), late parasitologic failure (LPF), late clinical failure (LCF), and early treatment failure (ETF). The occurrence of mutations in the K 13 gene was studied by PCR-RFLP.\u0000\u0000\u0000Results\u0000A total of 55 patients were included. After PCR correction, ACPR at D28 was 97.8% and LCF was 2.2%. Treatment failures were due to new infections. No mutations in the K-13 gene associated with artemisinin resistance were identified. All participants had wild type alleles. The decrease of anemia and fever was substantial.\u0000\u0000\u0000Discussion and conclusion\u0000This study showed that AL remained efficacious and well-tolerated. However, all participants in Central African Republic had wild type alleles unlike contrary in Rwanda where a R561H mutation has been identified. A regular monitoring of efficacy and study of molecular markers of drug resistance to artemisinin is essential.","PeriodicalId":18493,"journal":{"name":"Medecine tropicale et sante internationale","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79545050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}