Annals of PIMS-Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Medical University最新文献

{"title":"Incidence of Cryptosporidium: A Neglected Parasite in Immunocompetent Adults in Swabi","authors":"Amjad Mahboob, Nazish Babar, Asim Ali Shah, Asfandyar Babar, Amir Mumtaz, Aqsa Aslam","doi":"10.48036/apims.v20i2.1012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48036/apims.v20i2.1012","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To highlight the increasing incidence of Cryptosporidium in immunocompetent adults and the resultant altered epidemiology.\u0000Methodology: This study was conducted over a period of one year, from 1st January 2023 to 1st of January, 2024 at Microbiology Laboratory MTI- GKMC/BKMC, Swabi. Modified Ziehl Neelsen staining was performed on the received stool samples from patients presenting with wide range of symptoms associated with Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS). Abdominal pain, recurrent episodes of diarrhea and weight loss were the main symptoms. Modified ZN stain being one of the most reliable, quick and cost effective methods for the detection of cysts of Cryptosporidium using 40X and oil immersion lens was used for diagnosis.\u0000Results: A total of 62 samples were received from immunocompetent patients in the said period out of which 34% were positive for the oocysts of Cryptosporidium species. Out of a total of 21 positive samples 62% were males and 38% were females. The age range of the patients spanned between 20 to 60 years.\u0000Conclusion: Knowing this high incidence 34% of Cryptosporidium spp. in the healthy adults, necessitates to prioritize steps for the prevention of this infection by implementation of public health measures.","PeriodicalId":184398,"journal":{"name":"Annals of PIMS-Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Medical University","volume":"72 S322","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141003204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Survival Trends in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients with Portal Vein Tumor Thrombosis: A 3-Month Outcome Assessment","authors":"Sajan Sawai, Dolat Singh, Shabana Lakho, Hira Laghari, Sadia Nizamani, Mohsin Ali","doi":"10.48036/apims.v20i2.985","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48036/apims.v20i2.985","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Objective To assess the survival trends among hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients presenting with portal vein tumor thrombosis (PVTT) over a 3-month period.\u0000Methodology: This descriptive case series study was conducted at Gastroenterology and hepatology department of Asian Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad from March 2019 to September 2019. Patients of all age groups, both genders diagnosed with hepatocellular carcinoma based on ultrasonography and CT scan imaging as well as screening alpha fetoprotein levels, with evidence of portal vein tumor thrombosis (PVTT) detected through imaging modalities and patients with available medical records containing relevant clinical, laboratory, and imaging data were included. To monitor the survival status of patients, a three-month follow-up period was initiated, facilitated through regular follow-up and phone contact. Throughout this follow-up period, records were maintained, and all relevant data were entered and analyzed using SPSS version 26.\u0000Results: The mean age of the patients was 56.4 years, with a standard deviation of 5.7 years. Average Body mass index (BMI) was 23.4 kg/m². Majority of participants were male 80.0%, while females were 20.0%. Regarding the three-month survival rate, only 17.5% of the patients were found to have survived during and remaining patients did not survive. The three-month survival rate did not show statistically significant differences across various demographic factors such as patients' age, gender, and BMI categories (p ? 0.05).\u0000Conclusion: Study revealed poor survival outcomes among patients diagnosed with portal vein tumor thrombosis associated with hepatocellular carcinoma, with only 17.5% of patients surviving rat. The overwhelming majority, died to this aggressive malignancy within the observed timeframe.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":184398,"journal":{"name":"Annals of PIMS-Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Medical University","volume":"27 28","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141004754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of Celecoxib and Naproxen Sodium After Non-Surgical Extraction of Permanent Teeth: A Randomized Control Study","authors":"A. Pak, Inst Med Sci, Nida Fatima, Khalid Mahmood Siddiqui, Muhammad Zeeshan Baig, Muhammad Abul, Hasan Ali, Abdul Manan Shahid, Varqa Faraid","doi":"10.48036/apims.v20i2.962","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48036/apims.v20i2.962","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To compare the level of pain relief that two NSAID salts offer following a simple closed tooth extraction technique, as well as to assess patient adherence to the prescribed dosage schedule.\u0000Methodology: This Randomized Control Design study was conducted at Islamabad medical & dental college, from 2018-2019. 150 patients made up the sample, who were split into two equal groups using a computerized lottery system: the experimental group and the control group. Following tooth extraction under local anesthesia, participants in the experimental group were told to take one 200 mg tablet of celecoxib orally for two days, while the control group was administered two 550 mg tablets of Naproxen Sodium orally twice a day. The standard Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) was used to assess post-extraction pain after 24 and 48 hours. Patients' adherence was verified by having them fill out a Performa form by phone call after 48 hours. After collection of Data, analysis was done with the help of SPSS version 21.0.\u0000Results: After tooth extraction, both medications were similarly effective in reducing pain, although participants adhered to the OD dose of celecoxib substantially more than the BD dose of naproxen sodium.\u0000Conclusion: There was statistically insignificant difference in pain relief provided by Celecoxib and Naproxen Sodium after 24 and 48 hours of single tooth extraction.","PeriodicalId":184398,"journal":{"name":"Annals of PIMS-Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Medical University","volume":"32 20","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141005409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Incidental Finding of Deranged Renal Function in Elderly Patients Presenting with Fractures in a Tertiary Care Hospital","authors":"A. Pak, Inst Med Sci, Shabana Abbas, M. Khattak, Sanober Hameed, Nouman Maqbool, Sami Saeed, Numan Majeed","doi":"10.48036/apims.v20i2.905","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48036/apims.v20i2.905","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To determine the incidental rate of renal impairment among elderly women with fractures who reported to the Orthopaedic OPD at a tertiary care Hospital.\u0000Methodology: This prospective cohort study was done at Orthopaedic department and OPD Fauji Foundation Hospital, Rawalpindi during a period of one year from March 2022 to February 2023. A total of 147 females aged >60 years presented with Hip fractures, surgically managed and who had history of normal pre-fracture renal function were included. A 5ml blood sample was obtained and sent to the Hospital diagnostic laboratory to evaluate the renal profile, serum calcium and vitamin D levels. All the information was recorded via pre-structured study proforma. \u0000Results: The study enrolled 147 elderly participants with an average age of 66.82 years. Among the participants, 24 patients (16.3%) experienced Acute Kidney Injury (AKI), with 9.5% having stage-I AKI, 4.8% with stage II AKI, and 2.0% with stage III AKI. Before sustaining the hip fracture, the mean serum creatinine level was 67.04 µmol/L, and following the fracture, it increased to 81.95 µmol/L (p-value < 0.0001). The severity of AKI did not exhibit a statistically significant correlation with the age of the patients. However, there was a statistically significant increase in serum creatinine levels among patients based on the duration of their fractures (p-value < 0.001).\u0000Conclusion: The incidence of Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) in elderly patients following hip fractures was found to be 16.3%, with varying stages of severity.","PeriodicalId":184398,"journal":{"name":"Annals of PIMS-Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Medical University","volume":"85 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141004043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Liver Transplant Services in Pakistan; Potential of Dr. Akbar Niazi Teaching Hospital","authors":"Usman Waheed, Yasir Khan Niazi","doi":"10.48036/apims.v20i1.1052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48036/apims.v20i1.1052","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":184398,"journal":{"name":"Annals of PIMS-Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Medical University","volume":"329 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141011846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immune Responses to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Vaccines: Updated Insights","authors":"Samia Alshouli","doi":"10.48036/apims.v20i1.1024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48036/apims.v20i1.1024","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Using a multidisciplinary approach, this review explores and investigates the relationship between immune responses, effectiveness, and results of various vaccination strategies among a range of demographics. Moreover, this review aims to aid healthcare professionals in understanding the intricacies of immune responses and their implications for future vaccine development.Methodology: In this systematic review, we employed an electronic online database platform including the National Centre for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE), and the World Health Organization (WHO) for evidence-based material, utilizing the keywords throughout this literature review.Results: This review provides a detailed framework regarding immune responses to the COVID- 19 vaccine, based on demographics, age, sex, types of immunity, and immunization strategies. Such research can provide important academic support for the development of not only COVID- 19 vaccines but also other vaccines.Conclusions: Overall, immune responses tended to dwindle a few months after vaccine administration. This is because B cells block SARS-CoV-2 from infecting cells via antibodies and T cells destroy infected cells. The most efficient tool for providing long-lasting protection against SARS-CoV-2 is vaccination. Humans have developed immunity to SARS-CoV-2, particularly antibody-mediated humoral immunity. The development of vaccines across the whole family of coronaviruses that target antibody epitopes (antigenic determinants) prevents the emergence of mutant strains.","PeriodicalId":184398,"journal":{"name":"Annals of PIMS-Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Medical University","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141016972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Close Reduction of Supracondylar fracture of humerus in children by Gravity Method","authors":"Tooba Tahira, Muhammad Zahid Siddiq, Waqas Ali, Shahid Hussain","doi":"10.48036/apims.v13i4.920","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48036/apims.v13i4.920","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To evaluate the outcomes of employing a new technique, the gravity method, for the closed reduction of supracondylar humerus fractures (Gartland’s type II and III) in pediatric patients treated at the Trauma Center of Aziz Bhatti Shaheed Hospital Gujrat.\u0000Methodology: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at Aziz Bhatti Shaheed Hospital's Trauma Center from August 2022 to April 2023. Children under 12 years old, presenting within 48 hours of injury with closed supracondylar humerus fractures (Gartland’s Extension type II and III), were included. All patients underwent closed reduction and percutaneous pinning. Data analysis was performed using SPSS, employing means and standard deviations for quantitative variables, and frequency and percentage for qualitative variables.\u0000Results: The mean age was 5.5 years (±1.5). Among 65 patients, there were 45 males and 20 females, with a male-to-female ratio of 1:0.4. The right humerus was affected in 28 patients (43%), while the left humerus was affected in 37 patients (57%). The gravity method successfully reduced 90% of fractures without the need for an assistant surgeon, resulting in a zero percent incidence of iatrogenic neurovascular injury. The average surgical duration was 20 minutes (ranging from 16 to 24 minutes), with an average of 7 images captured using the image intensifier. In cases where the gravity method failed, alternative closed reduction methods were employed for 10% of fractures; no open reduction was necessary.\u0000Conclusion: The gravity method demonstrates safety and efficacy by providing accurate traction for reducing displaced supracondylar fractures without causing damage to the overlying skin or neurovascular structures around the elbow. Its applicability is particularly noteworthy in settings with a shortage of trained medical personnel and limited expertise in managing neurovascular complications.","PeriodicalId":184398,"journal":{"name":"Annals of PIMS-Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Medical University","volume":"55 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140733690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Infiltration of Round Blue Cell Tumors in Bone Marrow","authors":"Zahra Tasleem, Hamid Saeed Malik, Saima Bashir, Hassan Shaukat, Halima Babar, Kehkashan Hassan","doi":"10.48036/apims.v20i1.799","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48036/apims.v20i1.799","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To identify different types of round blue cell tumors on bone marrow biopsy and their pattern of marrow infiltration.\u0000Methodology: This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted at the Department of Hematology, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology (AFIP), Rawalpindi, from July 2021 to December 2021. A total of 60 diagnosed cases of round blue cell tumors were included. Patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and those receiving treatment for round blue cell tumors were excluded. Bone marrow aspiration and biopsy were performed. Peripheral film results, clinical observations, and patterns of marrow infiltration of round blue cell malignancies were analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23.\u0000Results: The study revealed a male to female ratio of 2:1, with 40 (66.6%) males and 20 (33.3%) females. The overall average age was 5.69 ± 5.0 years. Ewing sarcoma and rhabdomyosarcoma patients did not exhibit infiltration, while three instances of retinoblastoma (9.37%) and two cases of neuroblastoma (10.52%) did. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) results for synaptophysin and chromogranin were positive for retinoblastoma and neuroblastoma, while S100 results were positive for neuroblastoma infiltration and negative for retinoblastoma. Both retinoblastoma and neuroblastoma showed diffuse, focal, and interstitial patterns of infiltration on trephine biopsy.\u0000Conclusion: Small round blue cell tumors were noted in bone marrow infiltration in 5 (8.33%) cases. Early detection of malignant cancers necessitates appropriate medical care, and in more severe cases, the need for neoadjuvant chemotherapy.","PeriodicalId":184398,"journal":{"name":"Annals of PIMS-Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Medical University","volume":"14 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140733083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Gullain-Barre Syndrome with or without Respiratory Failure","authors":"Sana Gul, Hassan Atique, Muaz Mubashir, Rana Ahsan Javed, Mehdi Hassan Naqvi, Ahmed Ali Wassan","doi":"10.48036/apims.v20i1.937","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48036/apims.v20i1.937","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: To determine the demographic and clinical profile of patients with Gullain-Barre syndrome (GBS) and evaluate their association with in-hospital mortality and functional outcomes of the patients. \u0000Methodology: This Prospective Observational v study was conducted at Polyclinic Hospital, Islamabad from January 2019 to June 2023 after ethical approval. A total of 37 patients with GBS syndrome admitted in intensive care unit (ICU) were included using a nonprobability convenient sampling technique. Informed written consent was obtained from all the patients.  The demographic and clinical characteristics of the patients were noted. The GBS Disability score of each patient was recorded at presentation, 2 weeks, 1 month, 3 months and 6 months follow-up. The patient outcomes assessed were in-hospital mortality and functional status. The association of patient outcomes was seen with various demographic and clinical variables. The data was analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 25. \u0000Results: Out of 37 GBS patients, 7(18.9%) patients died. Among the remaining 30 patients, 7(18.9%) patients were able to run, 10(27%) patients were able to walk unaided and 13(35.1%) patients were able to walk with support. Longer length of hospital stay, mechanical ventilation and higher GBS disability score at presentation were related to poor outcomes. \u0000Conclusion: In-hospital mortality occurred 18.9% of the patients and 35.14% of the patients had poor functional outcomes. Longer length of hospital stay, mechanical ventilation and higher GBS disability score at presentation were the predictors of poor outcomes. \u0000Keywords: Guillain-Barre syndrome; GBS; GBS Disability score \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":184398,"journal":{"name":"Annals of PIMS-Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Medical University","volume":"1 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140732971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pre-analytical Quality Assurance; An Important Milestone to be Achieved","authors":"A. Pak, Inst Med Sci, S. Alizai, Lubna Ehtizaz, Ambreeen Ansar, Saba Khilji, A. Sarwar, Maliha Saad","doi":"10.48036/apims.v13i4.896","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48036/apims.v13i4.896","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To assess the knowledge of junior doctors and nurses about proper collection, storage and dispatch of pathology specimens to the laboratory.\u0000Methodology: This was a cross sectional questionnaire-based study conducted at Dr. Akbar Niazi Teaching Hospital (DANTH), Islamabad and Pakistan Ordinance factories (POF) Hospital Wah from Jan-June 2023. Hard copy of questionnaire with 29 questions regarding sample collection related to Hematology, Microbiology, Chemical pathology and Histopathology was given to junior doctors and nurses.  Total 171 responses were received from junior doctors and nurses of both hospitals. Hundred participants were from DANTH and 71 from POF hospital.\u0000Results: Fifty-eight nurses (34%) and one hundred thirteen doctors (66%) – mainly house officers and postgraduate trainees filled the questionnaire.  Data was analyzed with SPSS 21.0 to calculate the percentages of correct answers. Overall, the knowledge was poor with mean score of 9.8 (35%) ranging from 5-17 for doctors and 5-14 for nurses. There was statistically no significant difference (V=12.134, df=12, p=0.435) in the knowledge of doctors (X? =9.98 ± 2.4) and nurses (X?=9.5 ± 2.3). However, in Clinical Chemistry and Histopathology doctors had slightly better knowledge than nurses.\u0000Conclusion: This study showed lack of knowledge in nurses and junior doctors regarding proper sampling. It seems appropriate that medical students and paramedics should get an awareness about sample collection as part of their curriculum to avoid extra workload on the laboratory as well as proper management of patients.","PeriodicalId":184398,"journal":{"name":"Annals of PIMS-Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Medical University","volume":" 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139628577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}