Medicine and Pharmacy Reports最新文献

{"title":"A survey of dental professionals' opinions around the use of antibiotics in molar 3 extractions and dental implant placement.","authors":"Elham Torof, Edward Newton, Hana Morrissey, Patrick A Ball","doi":"10.15386/mpr-2634","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15386/mpr-2634","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>This survey was conducted to determine the type and frequency of antibiotics (AB) use for the prevention of infections in dental third molar (M3) extraction and implantation procedures (DIP) among UK dentists and the opinions underpinning their practice.</p><p><strong>Methods and design: </strong>Systematic reviews of the evidence were undertaken alongside this survey of practicing dentists in the United Kingdom to identify the opinions and practices of those undertaking the procedures.With ethical approval, a survey was designed for online delivery and was sent to every dental practitioner in the UK with a publicly available email address or social media contact. The opening page provided the project information sheet and proceeding to complete and submit the questionnaire was considered consent to participate. The online survey was circulated to 900 identified addresses and a total of 145 responses were received. Responses were collated in Microsoft® Excel™ and analyzed using IBM® SPSS™ plus thematic analysis of free text responses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were 42% of participants (n=61) who discouraged AB prophylactic use in M3 extractions in people with no systemic conditions and who also preferred postoperative AB use when required. Where, 57.9% of respondents (n=84) supported the short-term use of ABs (5-7 days) for M3 extraction and 53% (n=77) in DIP placement in patients with no relevant medical history. As an <i>ad hoc</i> finding, dentists reported on the negative impact of heavy smoking and oral parafunctional behavior on DIP success.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The use of antibiotics and broad spectrum antibiotics remains higher than current guidelines would recommend. Further research is required to clarify the specific risks arising from underlying medical conditions to further clarify where prophylaxis is required.</p>","PeriodicalId":18438,"journal":{"name":"Medicine and Pharmacy Reports","volume":"97 1","pages":"84-94"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10852119/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139723273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Therapeutic results in children with brain tumors - a single center experience over 18 years.","authors":"Maria Margareta Cosnarovici, Rodica Cosnarovici, Doina Piciu","doi":"10.15386/mpr-2571","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15386/mpr-2571","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aims: </strong>Tumors of the central nervous system represent the main cause of death by cancer in children. The diagnosis and molecular classification of these neoplasms have seen great improvement in the past years, due to ongoing genomic advances. In general, the treatment consists of surgery, radiation therapy and chemotherapy. However, the currently available pharmacological treatment options have limited effectiveness due to the particular characteristics of the blood-brain barrier.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We decided to study the therapeutic results in children treated for brain tumors in the Cluj-Napoca \"Prof. dr. Ion Chiricuta\" Oncology Institute, between 2001 and 2018, in order to provide a more accurate understanding of the disease and the available therapeutic options in our center.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Out of the 207 cases included in this study, we recorded 98 deaths (47.3%). This is significantly less than the 5-year survival rate recorded in the US between 2012 and 2018 (74.9%). There are many factors that could explain the low survival rate, such as a very late diagnosis, the inability to implement innovative radiation therapy techniques until 2018, and the fact that between 2001 and 2010 the chemotherapy regimens in our center were not as effective as the more recent ones.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The therapeutic results recorded in this study are similar to those in other middle-income countries, however, the available treatment options for pediatric brain tumors are not as effective as those currently in use for other pediatric and adult malignancies.</p>","PeriodicalId":18438,"journal":{"name":"Medicine and Pharmacy Reports","volume":"97 1","pages":"56-63"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10852121/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139723274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The management of <i>Clostridioides difficile</i> infection: from empirism to evidence.","authors":"Ioana Ş Deac, Adriana M Ofrim, Radu A Fărcaş, Simona Grad, Ştefan Lucian Popa, Dan L Dumitraşcu","doi":"10.15386/mpr-2622","DOIUrl":"10.15386/mpr-2622","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Clostridioides difficile</i> infection (CDI) in clinical practice represents a challenge for its management and also prevention of recurrence. Even though there are updated guidelines for infection prevention, control and treatment, CDI remains a leading cause of healthcare acquired diarrhea with increasing incidence in the community. We present here a synthesis of the most recent international guidelines on the management of CDI. In 2021 updated guidelines on the treatment of CDI in adults were published by the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) and the Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America (SHEA), American College of Gastroenterology (ACG) and the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (ESCMID). These guidelines focused on CDI management in adults, including new data on the clinical efficacy of Fidaxomicin (FDX) and Bezlotoxumab. The 2017 publication of IDSA and SHEA - Clinical Practice Guidelines for <i>Clostridium difficile</i> infection also included pediatric treatment recommendations that are not a part of the 2021 update. Vancomycin (VAN) treatment for an initial CDI episode remains an acceptable alternative to FDX, considering the monetary and logistical challenge of acquiring FDX. There is growing literature on fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) and the 2021 guidelines describe its role in severe complicated refractory CDI cases and for which surgical management is not feasible. Moreover, there are new data on the secondary prophylaxis with VAN in refractory CDI in patients with risk factors who receive broad spectrum antibiotics.</p>","PeriodicalId":18438,"journal":{"name":"Medicine and Pharmacy Reports","volume":" ","pages":"5-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10852128/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47118930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acute onset of Lambert Eaton myasthenic syndrome in prostate adenocarcinoma: a case report.","authors":"Nicu Cătălin Drăghici, Elena Olariu, Tudor Dimitrie Lupescu, Fior Dafin Mureşanu","doi":"10.15386/mpr-2541","DOIUrl":"10.15386/mpr-2541","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Lambert Eaton myasthenic syndrome (LEMS) is a rare disorder of the neuromuscular junction. The representative clinical triad consists of proximal muscular weakness, areflexia and autonomic dysfunction. The diagnosis is based on the clinical findings confirmed by voltage-gated calcium channels antibody titer and neurophysiology. We present a 69 year old male with prostate adenocarcinoma and 30 years history of smoking, referred for muscle weakness in the lower limbs and difficulty to climb the stairs.</p>","PeriodicalId":18438,"journal":{"name":"Medicine and Pharmacy Reports","volume":" ","pages":"95-98"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10852129/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48493587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Resemblances and differences between osteoradionecrosis of the jaw and medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw.","authors":"Mihai Vlad Golu, Ionela Paşcanu, Cecilia Petrovan, Simona Mocan, Adina Cosarcă, Despina Bereczki Temistocle, Alina Ormenişan","doi":"10.15386/mpr-2610","DOIUrl":"10.15386/mpr-2610","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>The aim of this retrospective study was to identify the clinical, radiological, and histological characteristics of patients diagnosed with osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ) and treated at the Oral and Maxillo-Facial Surgery Clinic of the Emergency Clinical County Hospital of Targu Mures between 2017 and 2022. The study aimed to analyze correlations between patient characteristics, particularly their history of bone modifying agent use or local radiotherapy during cancer treatment, in order to identify specific patient profiles that could aid in evaluating treatment response and guide individualized treatment strategies.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Fifty-two patients diagnosed with ONJ were included in the study. The patients were divided into two groups based on their medical history: the bone modifying agent use group and the radiotherapy group. Clinical, radiological, and histological data were collected and analyzed. Statistical analysis, including p-values, was performed to compare patient characteristics between the two groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Patients in the radiotherapy group were significantly older than those in the bone modifying agent use group (66 years vs. 56.9 years, p=0.001). There was a higher proportion of males in the radiotherapy group compared to the bone modifying agent use group (90% vs. 22%, p<0.001). Jaw involvement was more prevalent in the radiotherapy group compared to the bone modifying agent use group (95% vs. 66%, p=0.018). Histological analysis showed a similar frequency of Actinomyces species in both groups (50% vs. 34%, p=0.264).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The findings of this study suggest the existence of two distinct patient profiles based on their treatment history (bone modifying agent use vs. radiotherapy) in ONJ. Patients in the radiotherapy group were older, predominantly male, and exhibited a higher prevalence of jaw involvement. Histological analysis revealed no significant differences in Actinomyces species frequency between the two groups. These distinct patient profiles may indicate different responses to treatment, emphasizing the need for individualized treatment strategies tailored to specific patient characteristics. Further research is warranted to validate these findings and develop personalized approaches for managing ONJ.</p>","PeriodicalId":18438,"journal":{"name":"Medicine and Pharmacy Reports","volume":" ","pages":"76-83"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10852124/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43217547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Family doctors' and dentists' access and dissemination of medical information through social media.","authors":"Roxana Denisa Capraş, Ariana-Anamaria Cordoş, Tudor Călinici, Dinu Iuliu Dumitraşcu, Sorana D Bolboacă","doi":"10.15386/mpr-2573","DOIUrl":"10.15386/mpr-2573","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>The study purpose is to analyze how doctors in contract with the Health Insurance House in Romania use social media (SM) to access and disseminate medical information.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Family doctors and dentists who had a contract with the Romanian National Health Insurance House during the year 2017 represented the targeted sample. Eight thousand four hundred ninety-seven e-mail addresses and 5,422 telephone numbers were identified and collected from the National Health Insurance House web page. The invitation to participate in the study (including the link to the online questionnaire) was sent via SMS, WhatsApp, and /or e-mail from 24 May to 14 July 2017. The experimental design was cross-sectional. In the statistical analysis the following generations were defined: \"Baby Boomers\", aged between 51-70 years, Generation X as people aged 38-51, and Millennials under 38 years.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>One hundred and twenty valid questionnaires were analyzed. The profile of the respondent was: woman (61%), from urban (71%), and specialist (50%) working in a private practice (70%). The majority of respondents use Facebook (85%). Generation X connect more to SM from public places than Baby Boomers (p = 0.007). Respondent doctors seek medical information on SM monthly (83%), but rarely give advice through SM to colleagues (28%) or contribute to patients' medical education (32%). Most physicians interact with their patients through SM (59%), but do not discuss with them how to search for health information.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Social media has low professional usage among the respondents who perform their medical activity in Romania and is mainly used to search for medical information, but it does not contribute to patients' medical education. As expected, age is a factor that determines the susceptibility of SM usage.</p>","PeriodicalId":18438,"journal":{"name":"Medicine and Pharmacy Reports","volume":" ","pages":"35-42"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10852122/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42971394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Future therapeutic perspectives in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a focus on nuclear receptors, a promising therapeutic target","authors":"Sorina-Ionelia Stan, Biciusca Viorel, Diana Clenciu, Adina Mitrea, Mihail-Virgil Boldeanu, Patricia Durand, Suzana Danoiu","doi":"10.15386/mpr-2628","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15386/mpr-2628","url":null,"abstract":"Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a major public health problem worldwide, with an increasing incidence, secondary to the increasing incidence of obesity and diabetes, from a very young age. It is associated with metabolic and cardiovascular disorders, as components of the metabolic syndrome (MS). NAFLD is the hepatic manifestation of MS. The pathogenesis of the disease is multifactorial and complex, involving genetic, metabolic, but also environmental factors. Currently, nuclear receptors (NRs) represent a promising therapeutic target in the treatment of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Of these, the most studied receptor was the liver X receptor (LXR), which would have great potential in the treatment of metabolic diseases, namely hypercholesterolemia, atherosclerosis, and NAFLD. However, the therapeutic use of NRs is restricted in medical practice for two reasons: limited knowledge of the structure of the receptor and its inability to modulate certain actions in the target organs and genes. One problem is the understanding of the function and structure of the N-terminal domain which has a major transcriptional activation function (AF1).","PeriodicalId":18438,"journal":{"name":"Medicine and Pharmacy Reports","volume":" 7","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135241260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cognitive-behavioral therapy and acceptance and commitment therapy for anxiety and depression in patients with fibromyalgia: a systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Cristiana Manuela Cojocaru, Cosmin Octavian Popa, Alina Schenk, Bogdan Andrei Suciu, Simona Szasz","doi":"10.15386/mpr-2661","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15386/mpr-2661","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Defined by chronic, musculoskeletal pain, fibromyalgia is often comorbid with depression and anxiety. In these cases, the first line medical treatment can be successfully combined with psychological interventions. Cognitive-behavioral therapy and acceptance and commitment therapy are among the most widely studied approaches in relation to chronic pain, including fibromyalgia. The objective of this review is to analyze the efficiency of these psychological treatments for alleviating emotional distress in fibromyalgia.&#x0D; Method. The search was conducted on the PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science online databases. Clinical trials that fulfilled eligibility criteria were included in this review. A meta-analysis was performed on depression and anxiety scores at post-test. Heterogeneity was assessed using the Chi2 and I2 indicators. For evaluating publication bias, we resorted to a funnel plot graph.&#x0D; Results. A total of 17 reports were selected, among which 4 articles studied the efficiency of acceptance and commitment therapy. Main demographic characteristics were homogenous throughout the included samples. The overall effect was -0.31 (95% CI: -0.47 to -0.15) for depression, and -0.15 (95%: -0.29 to -0.02), reaching statistical significance.&#x0D; Conclusions. Both psychological interventions proved to be efficient for decreasing depression and anxiety in fibromyalgia. For this reason, we believe psychotherapeutic protocols can be reliably implemented within multicomponent treatments, facilitating emotional adjustment in the context of physical disability and pain. Future research directions include the exploration of change processes and multiple moderators, enabling the development of tailored psychological treatments in fibromyalgia.","PeriodicalId":18438,"journal":{"name":"Medicine and Pharmacy Reports","volume":" 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135285862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effects of active and relaxing music on the short-term memory, attention and metabolic parameters of type 2 diabetes patients (T2DM)","authors":"Margit Hadnagy, Johanna Szabó, László Marton, Boglárka Varga, Ottilia Erdélyi, Tünde Szöllősi, Monica IM Szabó","doi":"10.15386/mpr-2650","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15386/mpr-2650","url":null,"abstract":"Objective. Metabolic parameters and cognition are known to be impaired in diabetes, while music seems to have an impact on both. We aimed to study the effects of active and relaxing music on the short-term memory, attention and metabolic parameters of type 2 diabetes patients (T2DM).&#x0D; Methods. A two-day interventional, within-subject study was carried on 89 T2DM patients treated only with metformin and 67 age- and sex-matched control. The Pieron Toulouse test and Word Recognition Test were used to evaluate attention and short-term memory. The music listened to was the Allegro, respectively the Andante parts of 2 Mozart Sonatas. Cognitive tests, blood pressure and blood&#x0D; glucose measurements were performed before and after each 20 minutes of music intervention.&#x0D; Results. Baseline attention performance was better in the control group compared to T2DM (p<0.000). Performance improved significantly in both groups under both types of music, however the last to the first measurement difference was higher in the control group (p=0.04). Female T2DM participants had better improvement under active music (p<0.01). Short-term memory improved during active music, but this was significant only in the control group (p=0.041). Both types of music were associated with significantly lower systolic blood pressure (p=0.00), while relaxing music significantly reduced blood glucose levels (p=0.00).&#x0D; Conclusion. Our study highlighted the beneficial effect of music on metabolic and cognitive parameters, however, its impact depends on the type of music listened. Furthermore, cognitive scores of T2DM, especially in men, were less influenced by music than those of the control group.","PeriodicalId":18438,"journal":{"name":"Medicine and Pharmacy Reports","volume":" 7","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135285858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multimodal management for low-back pain associated with spondylodiscitis","authors":"Eric Chun Pu Chu","doi":"10.15386/mpr-2582","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15386/mpr-2582","url":null,"abstract":"Spondylodiscitis is a rare and severe condition which can lead to progressive spinal deformities and poor functional outcomes [1]. Clinical management of low-back pain associated with spondylodiscitis has not been reported, as low back pain often persists even after appropriate treatment of spondylodiscitis [2]. A70-year-old woman with a 4-month history of nonspecific low-back pain and spondylodiscitis presented to the chiropractic clinic for conservative management. The symptoms started with abdominal discomfort, diarrhea, intermittent bilateral gluteal pain, and lower-extremity soreness. Gastritis and urinary tract infection were initially diagnosed. Thoracic radiography, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and computed tomography (CT) were indicative of spondylodiscitis at the T10/11 level, and her low-back pain was treated successfully with systemic antibiotics, scraping therapy, and spinal manipulative therapy. As there are limited data to suggest treatment modalities and extend care of spondylodiscitis [1], we report a case of successful management of low-back pain associated with spondylodiscitis, with multimodal therapy in a faster recovery time.&#x0D;","PeriodicalId":18438,"journal":{"name":"Medicine and Pharmacy Reports","volume":" 5","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135285724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}