Mediterranean Historical Review最新文献

{"title":"Jews and the Mediterranean","authors":"Dario Miccoli","doi":"10.1080/09518967.2023.2200426","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09518967.2023.2200426","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18431,"journal":{"name":"Mediterranean Historical Review","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135799843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coastal sailing, landscape inspection, and the making of holy sites along the eastern Mediterranean sea-routes","authors":"M. Bacci","doi":"10.1080/09518967.2022.2115744","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09518967.2022.2115744","url":null,"abstract":"The present paper explores the ways in which holy sites located on the coastal landscape of the Mediterranean were experienced visually by sailors and pilgrims of the late medieval to early modern periods and raises questions as to the different modi whereby holiness was perceived as site-bound, depending on the expectations of the viewer. The focus is on two prominent places encountered in the coastal navigation of the eastern Mediterranean: one invested with a strong biblical pedigree (Mount Carmel), and another (Saint Nicholas of the Cats, Cyprus), whose miraculous aura stemmed from the presence of a vast number of cats deemed be exceptionally hardy in their battle against the marauding snakes. Despite their different lineages, both religious sites worked as important orientation marks for ships and came to be acknowledged by pilgrims as important cultic attractions whose worship basically consisted of the emotionally charged contemplation and detailed inspection of the geographic features they presented from the sea. Emphasis is laid on the dynamics whereby the visual dimension of Holy Land pilgrimage and the role played by coastal inspection in Mediterranean seafaring practice mutually interacted and contributed to the reading of landscape as an uninterrupted sequence of interrelated loca sancta.","PeriodicalId":18431,"journal":{"name":"Mediterranean Historical Review","volume":"37 1","pages":"151 - 178"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47964263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Shaping the Acre region in Mandatory Palestine 1917–1948: environmental conditions and conflicting colonial interests","authors":"Anat Kidron","doi":"10.1080/09518967.2022.2122000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09518967.2022.2122000","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines the formative impact of environmental conditions on spatial policies in the Palestine of the British Mandate government. The article focuses on the Bay area extending from Acre to Haifa, whose southern part was a centre of Mandatory and Zionist economic and urban development, while its northern part, the city of Acre and its environs, was a target of limited urban development and attention from the Mandatory authorities. Moving away from common national dichotomies in the study of modern Palestine’s history, this article identifies the environmental conditions and conflicting interests pursued by the various agencies that played key roles in the Mandatory government’s urban and rural development policy considerations.","PeriodicalId":18431,"journal":{"name":"Mediterranean Historical Review","volume":"37 1","pages":"229 - 253"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44841547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Greek revolution: a critical dictionary","authors":"Mark Mazower","doi":"10.1080/09518967.2022.2131068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09518967.2022.2131068","url":null,"abstract":"1. A pioneering study which generated much debate is Reşat Kasaba, Çağlar Keyder, and Faruk Tabak, “Eastern Mediterranean port cities and their bourgeoisies: merchants, political projects, and nation-states,” Review (Fernand Braudel Center) 10, no. 1 (1986): 121–135. 2. See, for example, Jens Hanssen, Thomas Philipp, and Stefan Weber (eds.), The empire in the city: Arab provincial capitals in the late Ottoman Empire (Würzburg: Ergon Verlag, 2002); Marie-Carmen Smyrnelis (ed.), Smyrne, la ville oubliée: mémoires d’un grand port ottoman, 1830–1930 (Paris : Éditions Autrement, 2006); Sibel Zandi-Sayek, Ottoman Izmir: the rise of a cosmopolitan port, 1840–1880 (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2012); Meltem Toksöz and Biray Kolluoğlu (eds.), Cities of the Mediterranean: from the Ottomans to the present day (London: I.B. Tauris, 2014); Will Hanley, Identifying with nationality: Europeans, Ottomans, and Egyptians in Alexandria (New York: Columbia University Press, 2017). 3. See, for example, Ilham Khuri-Makdisi, The Eastern Mediterranean and the making of global capitalism, 1860–1914 (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2010); Julia A. ClancySmith, Mediterraneans: North Africa and Europe in the age of migration, c. 1800–1900 (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2011); Judith E. Tucker (ed.), The making of the modern Mediterranean: views from the south (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2019).","PeriodicalId":18431,"journal":{"name":"Mediterranean Historical Review","volume":"37 1","pages":"261 - 263"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44319481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gino Luzzatto and the contested place of Jews in the economic history of Mediterranean Europe","authors":"Tommaso Munari, F. Trivellato","doi":"10.1080/09518967.2022.2119349","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09518967.2022.2119349","url":null,"abstract":"The few Anglophone readers for whom the name Gino Luzzatto (1878–1964) still has a familiar ring know him as an economic historian of medieval Europe, with a focus on Italy and on Mediterranean trade. But throughout his career he also cultivated a consistent if secondary interest in Jewish history and weighed in on controversial debates on the role of Jews in the development of Western capitalism. A socialist and an assimilated Jew, Luzzatto was persecuted first for his political ideas and later as a consequence of Mussolini’s Racial Laws. This article examines his largely forgotten contributions to the economic history of medieval and early modern Italian Jews in order to illuminate a little-known chapter in the ever-contentious relationship between economic history and Jewish history. By placing Luzzatto alongside his contemporaries, it elucidates his commitment to integrate Jewish history into general European history and compares his approach to competing interpretations dating from the inter-war and immediate post-war periods. It thus broadens our knowledge of the range of scholarly traditions that have sustained the study of Jews’ economic roles before the current revival of interest in the topic.","PeriodicalId":18431,"journal":{"name":"Mediterranean Historical Review","volume":"37 1","pages":"203 - 228"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44135153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Visions of deliverance: Moriscos and the politics of prophecy in the early modern Mediterranean","authors":"Claire Gilbert","doi":"10.1080/09518967.2022.2131065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09518967.2022.2131065","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18431,"journal":{"name":"Mediterranean Historical Review","volume":"37 1","pages":"255 - 257"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48296015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reclaiming al-Andalus: Orientalist scholarship and Spanish nationalism, 1875–1919","authors":"G. Jensen","doi":"10.1080/09518967.2022.2131081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09518967.2022.2131081","url":null,"abstract":"“mediaeval writings” hinting that the games continued into the fifth century CE, the Theodosian ban notwithstanding, and to unspecified evidence for continued “priestly activity” (206) into the same century. A church appeared in the 420s. Under Roman rule a wall, perhaps as high as 16 feet, had been erected around the Altis (for security?). In the fifth or sixth century another wall incorporating two sides of the Temple of Zeus enclosed a smaller area of uncertain function. It reused material from so many earlier buildings that by then, at the latest, both games and pagan cult had probably ceased to function. By the early ninth century silt from the flooding of local rivers had buried the site. Barringer has done a superb job of sifting through the modern literature and adding her own insights so as to produce a fresh and comprehensive account of the site-history of Olympia, with modern controversies and debates highlighted and summarized. There is much here that will be new to others who, like me, thought they had a general familiarity with the site. There are copious illustrations including 30 pages of colour plates, as well as many black-and-white images. For the paperback edition which will surely follow, in Fig. 5.16 the second letter of the third word in the Ancient Greek should read eta not epsilon. In Plate 6b the inscription translates (literally) as “The Methanioi from the Lakedaimonioi”.","PeriodicalId":18431,"journal":{"name":"Mediterranean Historical Review","volume":"37 1","pages":"266 - 269"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47129006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mapping deserted settlements in the Peloponnese, eighteenth–twentieth centuries: desertion patterns at the end of the Greek Revolution","authors":"Michael Festas, Anna Athanasouli, D. Dimitropoulos","doi":"10.1080/09518967.2022.2115748","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09518967.2022.2115748","url":null,"abstract":"Focusing on the case of the Peloponnese, in southwestern Greece, at the end of the Greek Revolution (1821–1830), this article examines the question of deserted settlements in Greece within its historiographical, conceptual, methodological, and spatial framework. The juxtaposition of population enumerations with other text sources, historical and digital maps, and toponymic research has provided evidence for the permanent desertion of 57 settlements at the end of the revolution, which represent approximately a quarter of the total number of settlements that were abandoned in the Peloponnese during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Most of these settlements were small in size and were mainly located in the lowlands. The mapping of the deserted settlements and the GIS analysis of their spatial characteristics reveals a variety of desertion patterns. The causes of abandonment remain largely elusive. However, the examination of specific case studies shows that apart from the anticipated repercussions of war, other factors equally affecting the desertion patterns include environmental variables, as well as socioeconomic and related demographic changes.","PeriodicalId":18431,"journal":{"name":"Mediterranean Historical Review","volume":"37 1","pages":"179 - 202"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44979372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Port cities of the eastern Mediterranean: urban culture in the late Ottoman Empire","authors":"Sibel Zandi-Sayek","doi":"10.1080/09518967.2022.2131066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09518967.2022.2131066","url":null,"abstract":"and rhetoric). A short concluding section reviews the causes of the downturn in Ibn Tulun’s fortunes prior to his death and the legacy of the state inherited by his son and successor, Khumarawayh. This biography provides a much-needed replacement for Zaky Hassan’s outdated study, Les Tulunides (1933). An exceptionally well-written, tightly constructed, and immersive study of a leading Abbasid personality, Gordon’s work makes the reader think about the social and political environment in which he acted and the nature of the surviving evidence of his life. It addresses the knotty problem of the source material for Ibn Tulun’s life, noting the lack of archival materials as well as physical evidence (the one exception being Ibn Tulun’s mosque), as well as the difficulties of using the two important biographies of Ibn al-Daya and al-Balawi. Constructed mainly from anecdotal testimony, these biographies present a mostly favorable view of their subject, praising him for his moral commitment and piety, as well as his determination and energy. But too little is known about their authors to judge how far their largely positive endorsement reflects the realities of his rule. As for the wider historical context, Ibn Tulun’s biography prompts us to wonder how was it that the Turkish ghilman corps, to which Ibn Tulun’s father belonged, had come to dominate the caliphal court by the time that Ibn Tulun set out for Egypt. What happened to the eastern Iranian noblemen and their Transoxanian soldiers that al-Muʿtasim had billeted alongside the Turkish military slaves in the barracks of Samarra less than three decades earlier? Second, where (and who) were the Egyptian elite in this story of the emergence of Egypt’s first independent Islamic governorate? The first opponents whom Ibn Tulun faced on his arrival were mostly expatriate members of the Abbasid elite, with strong connections to the caliphal court. The absence of local power brokers and militias at the center of power in Greater Fustat is striking, and provides a marked contrast to the politics of emergent regional polities elsewhere. The notion of a Tulunid “dynasty,” itself a product of the taxonomic imperatives of earlier scholarship, is rightly called into question by Gordon’s exposure of the fragility of ties that held the Tulunid household together after its founder’s death. Although the restricted format of the series in which the book appears precludes extensive contextualization, some reference to the wider issue of the emergence of contemporary “successor” states (Aghlabids, Saffarids, and Samanids) would have been helpful, in highlighting both the uniqueness of Ibn Tulun’s situation (in that he remained throughout his governorship a fully engaged member of the Samarran Turkish elite) and the diverse origins of contemporary regional governors. That apart, Gordon’s careful and judicious reconstruction of the career of Ibn Tulun provides a model for the kind of fine-grained biography that needs to b","PeriodicalId":18431,"journal":{"name":"Mediterranean Historical Review","volume":"37 1","pages":"258 - 261"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48081100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aspects of tree veneration around the cult of John the Baptist in medieval Syria and Spain (10th–14th centuries CE)","authors":"Adrián Duque","doi":"10.1080/09518967.2022.2115746","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09518967.2022.2115746","url":null,"abstract":"The practice of tree veneration is often either dismissed as a superstitious “magical” rite or relegated to the realm of idiosyncratic belief. This article proposes a way of understanding tree veneration as a meaningful social practice. Taking the veneration of John the Baptist in Mandean, Christian, and Islamic religion from the tenth to the thirteenth centuries CE, the paper first gives a phenomenological analysis of the different rituals around Saint John’s sacred trees. Then, guided by the legend of John the Baptist, it develops a phenomenology of tree substitution, showing that the act of prayer builds on and essentially modifies ordinary cases of shared veneration, and how rituals convey different significations and symbolic meanings.","PeriodicalId":18431,"journal":{"name":"Mediterranean Historical Review","volume":"37 1","pages":"133 - 149"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47487313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}