Medizinische Klinik最新文献

{"title":"Evaluierung intramuskulär injizierbarer Anästhesiekombinationen beim Kaninchen unter Verwendung von S-Ketamin, Ketamin, Dexmedetomidin, Medetomidin, Midazolam und Butorphanol","authors":"Schmid, Marie-Louise","doi":"10.5282/edoc.35808","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5282/edoc.35808","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18420,"journal":{"name":"Medizinische Klinik","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://edoc.ub.uni-muenchen.de/35808/1/Schmid_Marie-Louise.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147891751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Walt Disneys Stiefkinder","authors":"Gröss, Patrick","doi":"10.5282/edoc.30909","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5282/edoc.30909","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18420,"journal":{"name":"Medizinische Klinik","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147906115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of an automated micromixer for the controlled formulation of multi-component polyplexes","authors":"Dominik M. Loy","doi":"10.5282/edoc.27786","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5282/edoc.27786","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18420,"journal":{"name":"Medizinische Klinik","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://edoc.ub.uni-muenchen.de/27786/1/Loy_Dominik.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147900539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Temporally scattered brain: neural mechanism apprehending the paradox of the discrete and continuous flow of consciousness","authors":"Izadifar, Morteza","doi":"10.5282/edoc.28143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5282/edoc.28143","url":null,"abstract":"In dieser Dissertation werden offene Fragen über „Bewußtsein“ aus neurowissenschaftlicher, psychologischer und auch philosophischer Sicht erörtert. Es geht insbesondere darum, wie in traditionellen und modernen Ansätzen die Beziehung von zeitlicher Informations-Verarbeitung und Repräsentationen im Bewußtsein konzipiert werden. In einer historischen Aufarbeitung wird gezeigt, dass Zeit als mentale Kategorie in der psychologischen und neurowissenschaftlichen Forschung lange eher vernachlässigt worden ist, was sich erst jetzt zu ändern scheint. Wie wichtig Informations-Verarbeitung im Zeitbereich für ein besseres Verständnis von Bewußtseinsprozessen ist, wird herausgearbeitet, denn alle Verhaltensweisen und alles bewußte Erleben haben notwendigerweise eine zeitliche Charakteristik. Die grundsätzliche aber bisher nicht hinreichend beantwortete Frage ist, ob diese Charakteristik, die Informations-Verarbeitung in der Zeit, als kontinuierlich oder als diskret zu verstehen ist. Neue Befunde legen nahe, dass so genannte „Zeitfenster“ bestimmter Dauer notwendig sind, um neuronale Informations-Verarbeitung zu ermöglichen, damit Bewußtseinsprozesse überhaupt entstehen können. Wenn aber diskrete Zeitfenster notwendig sind, dann stellt sich die weitere Frage, wie es paradoxerweise zum subjektiven Eindruck einer zeitlichen Kontinuität zum Beispiel in der Wahrnehmung kommen kann. Das Erleben zeitlicher Kontinuität bezieht sich nicht nur auf Prozesse der Wahrnehmng und des Erlebens, sondern auch auf den viel weiteren Rahmen der Kontinuität personaler Identität. Es wird darauf hingewiesen, dass diese Kontinuität bei bestimmten Erkrankungen oder veränderten Bewußtseinszuständen verloren gehen kann. Ein derartiger Verlust legt nahe, dass es aktive Mechanismen auf neuronaler Ebene geben sollte, die personale Identität über die Zeit hinweg erzeugen. Es mußt gleichsam ein „Klebstoff“ vermutet werden, der zeitlich Diskretes in anschauliche Kontinuität verwandelt. Mechanismen, die hierfür in Frage kommen könnten, sind bisher nicht bekannt. Ein erster Versuch zur Aufklärung dieser Frage wird mit einem fMRT-Experiment gemacht, in dem visuelle und auditive Vorstellungen untersucht werden. Hier zeigt sich, dass in beiden Modalitäten gemeinsame neuronale Aktivierungen in bestimmten Hirnstrukturen zu beobachten sind, was möglicherweise einen ersten Hinweis auf die Erzeugung von anschaulicher Kontinuität geben könnte. Des weiteren wird am Ende der Arbeit auf die Bedeutung des Reafferenzprinzips hingewiesen, das vielleicht einen neuen Ansatz zum besseren Verständnis mancher Phänomene wie des Déjà Vu geben könnte, wenn man in dieses klassische Prinzip einen Zeitfaktor integriert, was bisher theoretisch nicht geschehen ist. Während der Fokus der Arbeit auf theoretischen Konzepten zu Zeit und Bewußtsein im psychologischen, neurowissenschaftlichen und philosophischen Kontext liegt, werden auch Bezüge zu den Künsten, der Dichtkunst und der Musik, offen gelegt. Dies soll darauf","PeriodicalId":18420,"journal":{"name":"Medizinische Klinik","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://edoc.ub.uni-muenchen.de/28143/1/Izadifar_Morteza.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147907857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vergleich verschiedener Kalkulationsmethoden torischer Intraokularlinsen bei Patienten mit altersbedingter Katarakt","authors":"El Kaissi, Linda","doi":"10.5282/edoc.28845","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5282/edoc.28845","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18420,"journal":{"name":"Medizinische Klinik","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147902405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Myelination in the auditory brainstem","authors":"Nabel, Alisha","doi":"10.5282/edoc.28987","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5282/edoc.28987","url":null,"abstract":"The evolution of myelin was a major key event in vertebrates which aimed to enhance conduction velocity of electrical impulses in axons. Distinct myelination patterns along axons can shape the speed and timing of action potentials. Exact arrival time of inputs at target neurons are crucial for proper neural circuit function. Two key determinants for tuning conduction velocity of myelinated axons are the length of individual myelin sheaths together with the axon diameter. However, it remains unanswered who determines specific myelination patterns along axons – the oligodendrocyte or the axon? And further, when and how do structural parameters of myelinated axons develop in neural circuits in general, in terms of their functionally relevant myelination patterns, axonal morphology and nodes of Ranvier? A system with highest temporal demands is the mammalian sound localization system. Globular bushy cell (GBC) axons involved in circuits processing sound location information are some of the fastest and most precise conducting axons in the mammalian central nervous system. In the Mongolian gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus) GBCs that are tuned to low sound frequencies transmit sound signals to the binaural comparator neurons in the medial superior olive (MSO) where the arrival time of sound at the two ears (interaural time differences; ITDs) is computed. These differences can be as low as only a few microseconds and thus, computation of ITDs relies on explicitly fast and highly precise axons. To cope with the need for exact input timing, low-frequency GBC axons exhibit specific structural adaptations to adjust conduction velocity. Their exceptional thick axons combined with comparably short internodes result in unusual low ratios of internode length to axon diameter (L/d ratios) which in turn increase the conduction velocity along their axons. To gain insight into when and how the specific myelin sheath lengths, axon diameter and thus L/d ratios are established, we characterized the developmental time course of these structural parameters at timepoints before and after the onset of hearing. Our findings show the internode length is set prior to a significant axon diameter increase. While the internode length is established already two days before hearing onset, which is at P12, the axon diameter only increases five days after hearing onset, and thereby decreasing its L/d ratio. This strongly suggests that, at least in GBCs, the axon itself is the key determinant in ensuring that the required conduction velocity is met by adjusting its diameter retrospectively. Together with the length of myelin sheaths and the axon diameter, nodes of Ranvier are critical determinants of action potential speed and timing of and therefore the development of all these structures must be tightly regulated. By assessing the development of nodes of Ranvier we found that axon and node morphology by and large mature synchronously. Early nodal clusters appear already when myelinati","PeriodicalId":18420,"journal":{"name":"Medizinische Klinik","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147921385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibody associated disorders: Identification of MOG-specific B cells and analysis of the pathogenic potential of MOG antibodies","authors":"Winklmeier, Stephan","doi":"10.5282/edoc.29043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5282/edoc.29043","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18420,"journal":{"name":"Medizinische Klinik","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147900607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Liver--gallbladder].","authors":"E. Wildhirt","doi":"10.32388/at8pv4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32388/at8pv4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18420,"journal":{"name":"Medizinische Klinik","volume":"1 1","pages":"909-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76003351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Iron deficiency].","authors":"A. Hittmair","doi":"10.32388/d2gjg9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32388/d2gjg9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18420,"journal":{"name":"Medizinische Klinik","volume":"80 1","pages":"685-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73825471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Creating a new tool for Post-Traumatic Disorder treatment","authors":"Idil Demircapa","doi":"10.5282/edoc.27474","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5282/edoc.27474","url":null,"abstract":"The first article on real-time functional magnetic resonance imaging (rt-fMRI) neurofeedback was published in 2003 (Weiskopf et al., 2003) with the aim to enable the subject to learn to control activation in rostral-ventral and dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). Rt-fMRI neurofeedback involves data collection of neural activity, real-time data preprocessing, online statistical analysis, providing the results back to the participant, and active effort of participant in order to either up- and/or down-regulate the target region’s activation. In the last 16 years the topic attracted great attention from different labs around the world and many different brain regions were regulated with the help of rt-fMRI neurofeedback. Nevertheless it had the most distinct impact in the clinical research as it could be used with clinical population in order to normalize their abnormal neural activity. The dissertation focused on the implementation of the rt-fMRI neurofeedback to the Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) patients. PTSD is developed as a result of experiencing a traumatic event in first hand or hearing that a close one experienced it. PTSD has a high prevalence (Kessler et al., 2005) and also high impact on the patient’s life quality (Warshaw et al., 1993). Unfortunately the response rate to the therapy is around 50% (Bradley et al., 2005; Stein et al., 2006). Hence, there is a need for a new treatment tool for PTSD. The neurocircuitry model of PTSD indicate that there is increased activity in amygdala, decreased activity in ventromedial prefrontral cortex (vmPFC)/rostral ACC (rACC) and hippocampus (Rauch et al., 2006). Animal model of PTSD revealed that stimulating rACC led to increase in extinction learning and rats exhibited less PTSD symptoms (Milad & Quirk, 2002). Following these findings, we decided to implement rACC rt-fMRI neurofeedback to PTSD patients. The first study focused to develop a new paradigm to target rACC and tested it with healthy population. We used Ekman faces as functional localizer in order to locate the rACC. Experimental design constituted of four functional runs in one session. The main aim was to assess the methods effectiveness in one session. Surprisingly eight out of sixteen female participants learned to regulate their rACC, whereas only four out of sixteen male participants were able to regulate their rACC at will. Interestingly the learner/non-learners are not widely reported in the rt-fMRI literature and no gender difference has been reported so far. As a result we decided to implement it with only one sex in PTSD group. In the second study we tested the paradigm with the female PTSD patients. Eight out of sixteen PTSD patients gained control over their rACC. We also found that PTSD patients recruited more brain regions, especially multi-sensory brain regions for the upregulation of rACC in comparison to healthy subjects. We failed to find a single factor to predict rACC control success across groups. The","PeriodicalId":18420,"journal":{"name":"Medizinische Klinik","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-274744","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147894057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}