{"title":"Mechanisation and Automation at the Turn of the 20th Century","authors":"A. Pocica, Marcin Pocica","doi":"10.17729/ebis.2020.2/5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17729/ebis.2020.2/5","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents the history of the mechanisation and automation of arc welding at the turn of the 20th century, including Benardos’ and Slavyanov’s first welding machines and the first related patents.","PeriodicalId":184101,"journal":{"name":"Biuletyn Instytutu Spawalnictwa","volume":"75 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124055699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Effect of Technological Treatments and Loads on the Service Life of Fillet Welds","authors":"J. Lewandowski, D. Rozumek","doi":"10.17729/ebis.2020.2/3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17729/ebis.2020.2/3","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents test results concerning the service life of fillet welds made in steel S355. In addition, the article discusses the initiation and growth of fatigue cracks in specimens subjected to bending with torsion. The tests were performed in relation to constant stress ratio R = -1 and 0. The results presented in the article take into account the effect of the technological treatment on the service life of the specimens. The tests revealed longer service life of the specimens not subjected to the technological treatment, both when R = -1 and 0.","PeriodicalId":184101,"journal":{"name":"Biuletyn Instytutu Spawalnictwa","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133959786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Nominal Stress-Based Estimation of Fatigue Life of Welded Joints","authors":"Karolina Głowacka, T. Łagoda","doi":"10.17729/ebis.2020.2/6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17729/ebis.2020.2/6","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents methods for determining the fatigue life of welded joints with particular emphasis given to typical joints. In addition, the article presents various possible nominal stress-based ways enabling the calculation of stresses, including structural stresses and involving the most complex linear fracture mechanics. The paper also discusses recommendations by the International Institute of Welding related to the determination of the fatigue life of welded joints in flat elements exposed to tension-compression conditions. The work is focused on assessing the fatigue life of welded joints (selected types) in accordance with the guidelines specified in related recommendations issued by the International Institute of Welding and taking into consideration the analysis concerned with the safety of such structures.","PeriodicalId":184101,"journal":{"name":"Biuletyn Instytutu Spawalnictwa","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116242438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Determination of the Fatigue Service Life of Welded Joints Using the Spectral Method Defined in the Frequency Domain","authors":"M. Böhm","doi":"10.17729/ebis.2020.2/8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17729/ebis.2020.2/8","url":null,"abstract":"The paper discusses presently experienced problems concerned with forecasting the fatigue life of welded joints in terms of the spectral method defined in the frequency domain. In addition, the article presents the primary assumptions of the spectral method and describes the issue related to the recognition of the mean stress value and loads above the material yield point.","PeriodicalId":184101,"journal":{"name":"Biuletyn Instytutu Spawalnictwa","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121722363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Problems Accompanying Repairs of Chemical Equipment","authors":"E. Tasak, A. Ziewiec","doi":"10.17729/ebis.2020.2/2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17729/ebis.2020.2/2","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents problems experienced during repairs of structures operated at high temperature for a long time. Research-related TOFD method-based ultrasonic tests revealed indications implying the presence of unacceptable imperfections in welded joints. Attempted repairs involving the use of welding methods proved ineffective as the welding and heat treatment processes resulted in the formation of cracks. The tests and analysis of the above-named issue revealed that the reason for repair-related problems lay in relaxation cracks triggered by excessively high stresses in the joints and improper parameters of heat treatment to which the steel of the boiler was subjected. The welding technology developed as a result of the study enabled the performance of the proper repair of related equipment and made it possible to re-start the production.","PeriodicalId":184101,"journal":{"name":"Biuletyn Instytutu Spawalnictwa","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124835159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Effect of Cutting Techniques on the Structure and Properties of Low-Alloy Martensitic Steels","authors":"M. Prażmowski, Piotr Fras","doi":"10.17729/ebis.2020.2/9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17729/ebis.2020.2/9","url":null,"abstract":"The paper analyses the effect of cutting techniques on the structure and properties of low-alloy martensitic steels. Tests involved steels characterised by increased abrasive wear resistance. The test steels were provided by four steel manufacturers. The cutting process was performed using a gas torch, plasma, abrasive waterjet and a band saw. The research work included hardness measurements of plates in the pre-treatment state, the distribution of hardness in the cut zone, measurements of surface roughness after cutting as well as metallographic tests of the base material (BM) and the heat affected zone (HAZ). The cutting method significantly affected the operational properties of abrasion-resistant steels. In terms of the surface quality, the most favourable results were obtained using the plasma cutting process, which was confirmed by related measurements of surface roughness. The cutting process involving the use of gas torches and plasma led to the deterioration of the mechanical properties of the steel in the cut zone. The aforesaid result could be ascribed to the formation of the HAZ in this area, the morphology of which was similar to the HAZ formed during the welding process. The hardness measurements and metallographic tests concerning the cut zone revealed a significant decrease in steel hardness, resulting from heat-triggered structural changes.","PeriodicalId":184101,"journal":{"name":"Biuletyn Instytutu Spawalnictwa","volume":"73 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124041091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Effect of Post-Weld Heat Treatment Temperature on the Structure and Hardness of Joints Made in Steel 10CrMoVNb9-1","authors":"A. Kotarska, J. Górka, T. Walczak","doi":"10.17729/ebis.2020.2/1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17729/ebis.2020.2/1","url":null,"abstract":"The article discusses the effect of annealing temperature applied during heat treatment as well as the suitability of preheating before the welding of butt joints in pipes (having a diameter of 33.7 mm and a wall thickness of 4.5 mm) made of steel X10CrMoVNb9-1 (P91). In the article, the structure and properties of a joint subjected to heat treatment performed in accordance with manufacturing standards concerning power unit elements are compared with those of a joint not subjected to heat treatment. The welding process discussed in the paper was based on the TIG method and involved the use of filler metal Thermanit MTS 3 (W Cr Mo 91). The material of steel X10CrMoVNb9-1 after welding and not subjected to heat treatment is both very hard and brittle. Because of the fact that the power engineering steel of the above-presented characteristics cannot be exposed to the effect of a high-pressure and high-temperature medium (due to possible crack formation), the welding of such steel should be followed by appropriate post-weld heat treatment.","PeriodicalId":184101,"journal":{"name":"Biuletyn Instytutu Spawalnictwa","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121781676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Effect of the Power Supply Source on the Resistance Welding Process","authors":"M. Stępień, Z. Mikno, B. Grzesik","doi":"10.17729/ebis.2019.5/7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17729/ebis.2019.5/7","url":null,"abstract":": The research presented in the article involved the analysis of various factors, including 1) type, length and the cross-section of the supply conduit, 2) synchronous/asynchronous operation of welding machines and 3) temperature of the conduit on supply voltage drop in resistance welding machines. The article discusses the unfavourable effect of the above-named voltage drop on the quality of welds, including a decrease in the weld nugget diameter and the reduction of weld strength.","PeriodicalId":184101,"journal":{"name":"Biuletyn Instytutu Spawalnictwa","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127207777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Assessment of the Microstructure and Selected Mechanical Properties of Butt Joints in Ferritic-Austenitic Duplex Steel","authors":"K. Gądek, L. Tuz","doi":"10.17729/ebis.2019.2/3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17729/ebis.2019.2/3","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents results of microscopic tests as well as results of tests concerning mechanical properties of MAG (136) welded joints in duplex steel X2CrNiMoN22-5-3 (1.4462). The research involved metallographic tests of the base material, heat affected zone and weld metal as well as Vickers hardness tests, static tensile tests, bend tests and the identification of a ferrite content obtained using a ferritiscope. The results of observations involving the microstructure of the particular zones of the welded joint as well as the quantitative analysis of phases and the results of the tests concerning the mechanical properties of the joints enabled the formulation of conclusions regarding the microstructure and the mechanical properties of the test joints.","PeriodicalId":184101,"journal":{"name":"Biuletyn Instytutu Spawalnictwa","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123708412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Development of TIG Welding","authors":"A. Pocica","doi":"10.17729/ebis.2019.3/7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17729/ebis.2019.3/7","url":null,"abstract":": The article discusses the development of inert gas-shielded welding using a non-consumable electrode (TIG welding), outlines the history of shielding gases and tungsten electrodes, presents the primary accomplishments and pat-ents related to the evolution of the TIG method worldwide and describes the first welding equipment produced in Poland and the attempted use of the TIG method.","PeriodicalId":184101,"journal":{"name":"Biuletyn Instytutu Spawalnictwa","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125703219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}