Marine Biology最新文献

{"title":"Characteristics, residency and site fidelity of photo-identified reef manta rays (Mobula alfredi) population in New Caledonia","authors":"Hugo Lassauce, Olivier Chateau, Laurent Wantiez","doi":"10.1007/s00227-024-04470-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-024-04470-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Reef manta rays (<i>Mobula alfredi</i>) face threats from human exploitation and activity in several regions of the world and crucial information on the ecology of the species is needed. The species is observed at several sites in all parts of the archipelago of New Caledonia where anthropogenic influence is presumed to be minimal. This study is the first to investigate the population of New Caledonia and focuses on its characteristics and its habitat use. Photographs of reef manta rays were collected directly from the authors (14.4%) between 2017 and 2020 and gathered from recreational divers and snorkelers (85.6%) from 11 sites around New Caledonia. The authors used the unique ventral coloration patterns of the manta rays that were clearly identifiable from 1741 of these photographs to identify 391 individuals and record their physical characteristics (sex, injuries, and colour morph) and resighting rates. These results highlight the widespread distribution of the species in the archipelago (11 sites) with little connectivity between all aggregations sites, with only 5.4% of the individuals observed at more than one site. Strong and long-term site fidelity was recorded at all studied sites through re-sighting rates (52.2% overall) and residency analysis. The population also records the world highest known proportion of melanistic manta rays (43%) to date, and a balanced male: female ratio (1.0:1.15). The analysis of injuries reported that 44.8% of all reef manta rays identified (n = 391) had noticeable wounds or injuries with no significant difference in the proportions of males and females injured. From these injured individuals only 9.8% of injuries judged to be of anthropogenic origin and 29.7% from attempted predation. Our study complements and correlates previous findings on this population that revealed strong site fidelity and low connectivity. The different characteristics of this population of reef manta rays also emphasize that concerns about species in New Caledonia are limited and that such favourable context needs to be preserved as reference for conservation.</p>","PeriodicalId":18365,"journal":{"name":"Marine Biology","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141505015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of temperature and body size on anterior and posterior regeneration in Hermodice carunculata (Polychaeta, Amphinomidae)","authors":"Andrea Toso, Marta Mammone, Sergio Rossi, Stefano Piraino, Adriana Giangrande","doi":"10.1007/s00227-024-04468-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-024-04468-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In recent years, population outbreaks of the annelid <i>Hermodice carunculata</i> (Polychaeta, Amphinomidae) are recurrently detected along the coastal zone of the Salento peninsula (Southern Italy), with impacts on marine benthic ecosystems. Annelida are renowned for their remarkable regeneration potential, enabling them to reform lost body parts. A handful of studies have reported posterior regeneration of <i>H. carunculata</i>, but anterior regeneration has not been fully explored. In this study, we investigated the capacity of <i>H. carunculata</i> collected in shallow coastal areas (Ionian Sea, 40°08’26.9” N 17°58’44.1” E) to regenerate anterior body parts under different temperature conditions (22 and 14 °C) and considering two different body sizes (∼ 4 g and 25 g). In addition, histological analysis and lipid analyses were carried out to detect changes in the reproductive cycle and lipid storage during ongoing regeneration. The results suggest that small and large-sized specimens of <i>H. carunculata</i> can regenerate efficiently anterior body parts in 12–20 weeks post amputation when kept at 22 °C. Small-sized worms kept at 14 °C regenerated slower but died in 24 weeks post amputation before regenerating a mouth, while large-sized worms kept at 14 °C were affected by a 100% mortality during blastema formation. In addition, lipid extraction analyses show that <i>H. carunculata</i> can regenerate during extended periods of starvation by <i>de novo</i> synthesizing lipid reserves and regeneration in <i>H. carunculata</i> does not negatively impact the reproductive cycle, as gametogenesis occurs also during the regenerative processes.</p>","PeriodicalId":18365,"journal":{"name":"Marine Biology","volume":"150 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141505107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The adaptation of three scleractinian corals from the perspectives of Symbiodiniaceae and photosynthesis capacity at Luhuitou fringing reef","authors":"Yushan Li, Rou-Wen Chen, Xiangbo Liu, Zhuoran Li, Wentao Zhu, Aimin Wang, Xiubao Li","doi":"10.1007/s00227-024-04472-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-024-04472-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The growth properties and environmental adaptability of different corals and symbionts vary. Therefore, insights from the adaptive mechanisms of Symbiodiniaceae in corals are very meaningful. In this study, we surveyed the seawater characteristics at three sites on Luhuitou fringing reef, Hainan Island (China), sampling three native corals <i>Pocillopora damicornis</i>, <i>Acropora hyacinthus</i>, and <i>Galaxea fascicularis</i> on 27 September 2021. The photo-physiological (Fv/Fm, Y(II), α, and rETR) were measured, and high-throughput sequencing of Symbiodiniaceae ITS was performed. The Luhuitou site had the lowest temperature (28.845 °C ± 0.01), salinity (33.967 ± 0.03), and pH (8.468 ± 0.05) among the three sites. The Sanya site contained significantly the highest ammonium (7.406 μmol/L ± 1,<i> P</i> &lt; 0.05). The nitrate of the Xiaozhou site was 1.5 times significantly higher than the other two sites. Three corals and their Symbiodiniaceae were adapted differently. <i>P. damicornis</i> showed more plasticity and was dominant by <i>Cladocopium</i> sp. C1d at high-ammonium habitat. <i>A. hyacinthus</i> was dominated by <i>Cladocopium</i> (C3 and C1232) and they had the lowest Fv/Fm (0.595 ± 0.02) in poor integrated water quality environments (the Xiaozhou site) among three corals, suggesting that the less adaptation. <i>G. fascicularis</i> established a stable symbiotic relationship with <i>Durusidinium</i> sp. D1, and they had a more stable symbiotic system and were better suited for long-term reef restoration. Our results provide a deeper understanding of the environmental adaptations of three corals at the Luhuitou fringing reef. Meanwhile, it provides a perspective application for coral transplantation species selection in restoring local reef ecology in the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":18365,"journal":{"name":"Marine Biology","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141505016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Carbon and nitrogen isotopes of lizardfish provide insight into regional patterns of ocean biogeochemistry across the eastern continental United States","authors":"Oliver N. Shipley, Seth D. Newsome, Tonya M. Long, Susan Murasko, Ryan Jones, Jakub Kircun, R. Pearse Webster, Simona A. Ceriani","doi":"10.1007/s00227-024-04454-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-024-04454-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Mapping spatial variation in stable isotope values (isoscapes) of primary producers and consumers can provide insight into regional patterns of biogeochemistry and be used to trace the movements of mobile animals. Here we present carbon (δ¹³C) and nitrogen (δ¹⁵N) isoscapes for an expansive region of the continental United States (Mid Atlantic Bight to the NW Gulf of Mexico) derived from inshore lizardfish (<i>Synodus foetens</i>) and explore temporal stability and environmental drivers of observed isotopic variation. We observed significant spatial variation in lizardfish δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N values throughout much of the Atlantic and Gulf coasts, reflecting local biogeochemistry regimes. Extensive sampling throughout the northern Gulf of Mexico (NGOM) revealed positive relationships between lizardfish δ¹³C values and bottom temperature, likely reflecting lower carbon isotope discrimination between CO₂ and phytoplankton in highly productive, warm, inshore environments. Conversely, δ¹⁵N values were not well explained by environmental parameters, but appeared higher in nearshore environments of the NGOM, which are heavily influenced by nitrogenous run-off from land. An isotopically unique region of high δ¹³C values and low δ¹⁵N values were observed for lizardfish sampled in the Eastern NGOM off the southwest coast of Florida, reflecting a potential influence of seagrass and/or macroalgal productivity supporting the base of the food web. Overall, these findings underscore the utility of benthic lizardfish stable isotopes for inferring local patterns of ocean biogeochemistry throughout expansive ocean environments. In application, these data can be used to define migratory histories of mobile taxa and support contemporary critical habitat assessments.</p>","PeriodicalId":18365,"journal":{"name":"Marine Biology","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141505018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inter-island nesting dynamics and clutch survival of green turtles Chelonia mydas within a marine protected area in the Bijagós Archipelago, West Africa","authors":"Cheila Raposo, Rui Rebelo, Paulo Catry, Maria Betânia Ferreira-Airaud, Castro Barbosa, Tumbulo Bamba Garcia, Aissa Regalla, Manuel Sá Sampaio, Ana Rita Patrício","doi":"10.1007/s00227-024-04463-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-024-04463-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Understanding spatial heterogeneity in reproductive success among at-risk populations facing localised threats is key for conservation. Sea turtle populations often concentrate at one nesting site, diverting conservation efforts from adjacent smaller rookeries. Poilão Island, Bijagós Archipelago, Guinea-Bissau, is a notable rookery for green turtles <i>Chelonia mydas</i> within the João Vieira-Poilão Marine National Park, surrounded by three islands (Cavalos, Meio and João Vieira), with lower nesting activity. Poilão’s nesting suitability may decrease due to turtle population growth and sea level rise, exacerbating already high nest density. As the potential usage of secondary sites may arise, we assessed green turtle clutch survival and related threats in Poilão and its neighbouring islands. High nest density on Poilão leads to high clutch destruction by later turtles, resulting in surplus eggs on the beach surface and consequently low clutch predation (4.0%, <i>n</i> = 69, 2000). Here, the overall mean hatching success estimated was 67.9 ± 36.7% (<i>n</i> = 631, 2015–2022), contrasting with a significantly lower value on Meio in 2019 (11.9 ± 23.6%, <i>n</i> = 21), where clutch predation was high (83.7%, <i>n</i> = 98). Moderate to high clutch predation was also observed on Cavalos (36.0%, <i>n</i> = 64) and João Vieira (76.0%, <i>n</i> = 175). Cavalos and Meio likely face higher clutch flooding compared to Poilão. These findings, alongside observations of turtle exchanges between islands, may suggest a source-sink dynamic, where low reproductive output sink habitats (neighbouring islands) are utilized by migrants from Poilão (source), which currently offers the best conditions for clutch survival.</p>","PeriodicalId":18365,"journal":{"name":"Marine Biology","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141253150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Should I stay or should I go? The influence of environmental conditions on green turtle residence time and outward transit in foraging areas","authors":"Emily G. Webster, Stephanie Duce, Mark Hamann, Nicholas Murray, Takahiro Shimada, Colin Limpus","doi":"10.1007/s00227-024-04450-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-024-04450-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Foraging animals move through the environment to satisfy their requirements for food, rest, reproduction and risk-avoidance. Understanding how animals respond to changing environmental conditions can help to characterise favourable habitat and determine whether they might be motivated to depart when those habitats become unsuitable. Foraging green turtles are typically residents that scarcely move in response to environmental changes or disturbances. Some individuals though, exhibit high mobility at fine scales. We developed an analysis of Fastloc GPS tracks of 61 green turtles using cox regression models and generalised linear mixed models to investigate the influence of a suite of environmental characteristics on the length of residence time and probability of turtles transitioning between two behavioural modes, “stay” or “go”. Decisions to move (“go”) were influenced by short-term changes in the local environmental conditions. Individuals were more likely to “stay” when temperature increased during their stay and were more likely to “go” when turbidity decreased, and they entered deeper habitats. This result implies that foraging and resting (“staying”) primarily occurs in benthic, shallow, warm habitats, while transit (“going”) is facilitated in deeper, clear water. We also determined that individuals within the green turtle foraging aggregation respond differently to environmental cues to move and hypothesise that a diversity of strategies within a foraging aggregation could confer its resilience to disturbance events. Our study provides new evidence of the factors influencing movements in green turtles and can aid in predicting how they may respond to future changes and enhance risk mitigation efforts through dynamic and adaptive planning.</p>","PeriodicalId":18365,"journal":{"name":"Marine Biology","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141253325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acoustic mobbing behaviour: vocal fish responses to predation risk through sound communication","authors":"Marine Banse, Lana Minier, David Lecchini, Eric Parmentier","doi":"10.1007/s00227-024-04455-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-024-04455-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In both terrestrial and marine ecosystems, prey species exhibit various reactions to predators, including avoidance, fighting and freezing. Acoustic communication associated with mobbing has been depicted in numerous tetrapod species. This sonic behaviour remains however largely unknown in fish although mobbing has been shown in different coral reef fish as a response to predation risk. This study focused on the communication strategy of prey species in the presence of predators. We tested the reaction of the holocentrid <i>Sargocentron caudimaculatum</i> when facing a moray eel and compared the sounds they produced against the predator with sounds produced when the fish are hand-held, recorded in standardized conditions. When introduced in mesocosms to a moray eel, <i>S. caudimaculatum</i> produced distinct distress sounds, resembling staccato calls, and swam towards the predator with their heads pointed in its direction and their dorsal fin erected. This observation supports a mobbing behaviour with specimens shifting from an escape behaviour to an aggressive response in presence of predator. Moreover, these sounds are different from those emitted during manual handling. This difference in acoustic signal suggests the coexistence of multiple warning/alarm sounds in this species. Holocentrids can produce different kinds of sounds witnessing their ability to provide graded information based on the perceived predation risk. We suggest that species of this family would be a suitable and promising group with which to test the hypothesis of acoustic coordination where individuals could inform their conspecifics about an increase in the immediate predation risk through appropriate alarm calls and trigger an escape response of the group if needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":18365,"journal":{"name":"Marine Biology","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141196534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic connectivity and diversity between tropical and subtropical populations of the tropical horned sea star Protoreaster nodosus in the northwest Pacific","authors":"Yuichi Nakajima, Nina Yasuda, Yu Matsuki, Dan M. Arriesgado, Miguel D. Fortes, Wilfredo H. Uy, Wilfredo L. Campos, Kazuo Nadaoka, Chunlan Lian","doi":"10.1007/s00227-024-04461-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-024-04461-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Seagrass beds are ecologically and economically important coastal ecosystems, and seagrass-associated organisms are a key part of their biodiversity. Marine organisms that reproduce through broadcast spawning are likely to have less genetic differentiation among populations than those that use other modes of reproduction, but this has not been well studied. Here, we investigated the genetic diversity, genetic differentiation, and migration patterns of the seagrass-associated sea star <i>Protoreaster nodosus</i> across 12 sites spanning approximately 2500 km from the Ryukyu Archipelago, Japan, to the Philippines. We genotyped 405 individuals by using seven microsatellite loci and analyzed allelic richness and expected heterozygosity as indices of genetic diversity. Of these two indices, only expected heterozygosity decreased slightly with increasing latitude. These results suggest that genetic diversity has not clearly decreased, even in the isolated Ryukyu Archipelago populations. Geographic distance was significantly correlated with genetic differentiation (pairwise <i>F</i>_ST: − 0.005 to 0.049). However, populations in the Ryukyu Archipelago and the Philippines showed relatively low genetic structuring and the pairwise genetic differentiation between these regions was often non-significant. Analysis of historical migration rates showed bidirectional north–south migration, which appears to be influenced by the Kuroshio Current and its countercurrents.</p>","PeriodicalId":18365,"journal":{"name":"Marine Biology","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141196631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Applications of 3D modeling in cryptic species classification of molluscs","authors":"Cheng-Rui Yan, Li-Sha Hu, Yun-Wei Dong","doi":"10.1007/s00227-024-04460-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-024-04460-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Classification of cryptic species is important for assessing biodiversity and conducting ecological studies. However, morphological classification methods face the loss of morphological information due to subjectivity in geometric morphometrics, while an incomplete database and horizontal gene transfer limit the molecular approach. A novel approach combining 3D modeling and artificial intelligence algorithms using morphological and molecular data was developed for species classification. Cryptic species from the <i>Vignadula</i> genus were used to test the feasibility of this new approach. Molecular identification results as data labels were used for training models, and for validating classification results of machine learning and deep learning. Our approach achieved accuracies of over 80% in distinguishing between <i>V. atrata</i> and <i>V. mangle</i>, which were identified by molecular data along China’s coast. The result of the confusion matrix indicated the misidentified individuals were due to the morphological similarity in the intermediate zone. The feature importance analysis highlighted the significant contribution of average curvature—a 3D feature—to the task, indicating the feasibility of the 3D model in cryptic species classification. Utilizing 3D models and artificial intelligence, this study presents a novel approach for classifying cryptic species of molluscs.</p>","PeriodicalId":18365,"journal":{"name":"Marine Biology","volume":"243 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141196647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Completing the picture: using vertebrae as well as otoliths in diet analysis reveals new preferred prey of great skuas","authors":"Susanna Quer, Graham John Pierce, Cristian N. Waggershauser, Lucy Gilbert","doi":"10.1007/s00227-024-04441-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-024-04441-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Knowledge of the diet of marine predators such as seabirds is fundamental to understanding the ecological cascades they may influence and the impact that environmental changes may have on them. Diet analysis of seabirds frequently relies on the identification of fish otoliths in pellets. However, it is recognised that the true dietary importance of fish with small and fragile otoliths is likely underestimated, requiring an additional method. In this study, we compared the identification of otoliths with that of vertebrae in pellets to gain a more complete picture of seabird diet. We identified fish otoliths and vertebrae from 2584 great skua <i>Stercorarius skua</i> pellets collected between 2014 and 2017 from five colonies in Scotland. Diet varied markedly between colonies, comprising mostly fish in Shetland and mostly birds in St Kilda. 10% of pellets contained otoliths compared to 70% with fish vertebrae. Atlantic herring <i>Clupea harengus</i> and Atlantic mackerel <i>Scomber scombrus</i> were the most common fish species at all colonies when using vertebrae in contrast to being virtually absent when using otoliths. Conversely, the occurrence of Norway pout <i>Trisopterus esmarkii</i> and pollock <i>Pollachius pollachius</i> otoliths was six and eight times, respectively, higher than for vertebrae. Therefore, combining data from both otoliths and vertebrae provides a more complete profile of the fish component of seabird diet. This is fundamental to improving our understanding of the impacts of marine management policies on seabirds, as well as how changes in the population size of such seabird species might affect their prey species.</p>","PeriodicalId":18365,"journal":{"name":"Marine Biology","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141196667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}