Medical Care最新文献_第3页

Uptake of Medicaid Billing for Community Health Worker Services in Louisiana, 2022-2023. 路易斯安那州社区卫生工作者服务的医疗补助计费，2022-2023。

IF 2.8 2区医学

Medical Care Pub Date : 2025-09-15 DOI: 10.1097/MLR.0000000000002216

Ashley Wennerstrom, Chris Adkins, Kelsey Witmeier, Angel Whittington, Catherine G Haywood, Marcus A Bachhuber

{"title":"Uptake of Medicaid Billing for Community Health Worker Services in Louisiana, 2022-2023.","authors":"Ashley Wennerstrom, Chris Adkins, Kelsey Witmeier, Angel Whittington, Catherine G Haywood, Marcus A Bachhuber","doi":"10.1097/MLR.0000000000002216","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/MLR.0000000000002216","url":null,"abstract":"Background: In 2022, Louisiana Medicaid began offering reimbursement for some community health worker (CHW) services ordered and billed by a supervising clinician.Objectives: We analyzed the extent to which CHW services were reimbursed by Louisiana Medicaid during 2022-2023, including number of encounters, demographics of Medicaid members served, number of encounters per member, geographic distribution of CHW encounters, primary diagnosis of members receiving CHW services, and provider type billing for CHW services.Research design: Retrospective cohort study of Louisiana Medicaid members receiving CHW services reimbursed by Medicaid. We included paid fee-for-service claims and managed care encounters for CPT codes 98960, 98961, or 98962 with dates of service from 1/1/2022 through 12/31/23.Results: A total of 10,726 unique individuals received 17,373 reimbursed CHW services, with an estimated total reimbursement of $314,905.52. Medicaid members ranged from 0 to 88 years, were majority female (56.8%), and received between 1 and 13 services; mean: 1.6 (SD: 1.1), median: 1 (IQR 1-2 encounters). The highest rate of CHW services per Medicaid member occurred in urban areas. Nearly all (99.97%) were individual services. A total of 41.9% of services were for screening without a specified diagnosis, and health-related social needs were more common than medical conditions. Over half (60.6%) of CHW services were billed by family practice or internal medicine providers.Discussion: Health care practices may be asking CHWs primarily to conduct screenings, rather than provide the longitudinal services CHWs traditionally offer.Conclusion: Uptake of billing for CHW services was limited. Providers may need education about CHW roles and technical assistance to support CHW integration and billing.","PeriodicalId":18364,"journal":{"name":"Medical Care","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145092079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Loneliness and Risk of 30-Day Hospital Readmission After Acute Myocardial Infarction. 孤独与急性心肌梗死后30天再入院风险

IF 2.8 2区医学

Medical Care Pub Date : 2025-09-15 DOI: 10.1097/MLR.0000000000002217

Cheyenne Acker, Orysya Soroka, Madeline R Sterling, Parag Goyal, Monika M Safford, Laura C Pinheiro

{"title":"Loneliness and Risk of 30-Day Hospital Readmission After Acute Myocardial Infarction.","authors":"Cheyenne Acker, Orysya Soroka, Madeline R Sterling, Parag Goyal, Monika M Safford, Laura C Pinheiro","doi":"10.1097/MLR.0000000000002217","DOIUrl":"10.1097/MLR.0000000000002217","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Poor social health is linked to incident cardiovascular disease, but less is known about how loneliness affects health care utilization after an acute myocardial infarction (AMI).Objective: Determine the association between loneliness and 30-day emergency department (ED) visit or readmission after AMI hospitalization.Research design: The REasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) study is a national prospective cohort of 30,239 U.S. adults aged 45 years or older.Measures: We examined the association between loneliness and 30-day post-AMI ED visit or readmission.Subjects: Seven hundred forty-nine Medicare fee-for-service beneficiaries in REGARDS were discharged alive after an adjudicated AMI.Results: The mean age was 77 years. Twenty-eight percent self-identified as non-Hispanic Black and 39% as women. Twenty percent reported loneliness. Twenty-nine percent had a 30-day ED visit or readmission. Lonely individuals had 61% increased risk of 30-day ED visit or readmission (RR: 1.61; 95% CI: 1.27-2.04; P<0.001), which remained significant after adjustment for sociodemographic and clinical factors (aRR: 1.48; 95% CI: 1.12-1.95; P=0.006). Stratified analyses demonstrated significant association for those aged 65-74 (aRR 2.48; 95% CI, 1.57-3.91; P<0.001), White adults (aRR: 1.86; 95% CI: 1.35-2.58; P<0.001), and men (aRR: 2.19; 95% CI: 1.59-3.01; P<0.001) but not for those 75+ (aRR: 0.94; 95% CI: 0.63-1.40; P=0.75), Black adults (aRR: 0.89; 95% CI: 0.53-1.49; P=0.660), or women (aRR: 0.81; 95% CI: 0.51-1.30; P=0.380).Conclusions: Loneliness, even measured years before AMI, was associated with an increased risk of 30-day ED visit or readmission, specifically for those aged 65-74, White participants, and men. These findings may inform discharge strategies to reduce readmissions.","PeriodicalId":18364,"journal":{"name":"Medical Care","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145092100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Assessing Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Receipt of Tele-Emergency Care. 评估接受远程急救护理的种族和族裔差异。

IF 2.8 2区医学

Medical Care Pub Date : 2025-09-10 DOI: 10.1097/MLR.0000000000002207

Jessica Faiz, Joy Toyama, Anita H Yuan, Nicholas Jackson, Neil Patel, Lisa Zhao, Anita A Vashi, Patricia Fermin, Donna L Washington, Kristina M Cordasco

{"title":"Assessing Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Receipt of Tele-Emergency Care.","authors":"Jessica Faiz, Joy Toyama, Anita H Yuan, Nicholas Jackson, Neil Patel, Lisa Zhao, Anita A Vashi, Patricia Fermin, Donna L Washington, Kristina M Cordasco","doi":"10.1097/MLR.0000000000002207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/MLR.0000000000002207","url":null,"abstract":"Background: In 2021, the Veterans Health Administration (VA) initiated a Tele-Emergency Care (TEC) program, where care is provided through phone or video by an emergency medicine provider to Veterans with urgent, unscheduled medical concerns. Early data suggest TEC effectively resolves Veterans' care concerns and decreases low-value emergency department visits. Equity of TEC receipt has yet to be assessed.Objective: To assess differences, by race and ethnicity, of Veterans' receipt of TEC.Research design: Cross-sectional study.Subjects: Veterans who used TEC and/or low-acuity in-person VA emergency care in Southern California, Arizona, and New Mexico, from March 1, 2021 to May 1, 2023.Measures: TEC and/or low-acuity in-person VA care use.Results: Veterans who only had TEC visits were less likely than those who only had in-person visits to be of racial and ethnic minority groups, namely Asian (1.38% vs. 3.54%, P<0.001), Black (12.2% vs. 18.1%, P<0.001), and Hispanic (15.7 vs. 19.1%, P<0.001). These findings persisted once adjusting for covariates; having only TEC visits was less likely than only having in-person care for Veterans who were Asian [relative risk (RR): 0.47, P<0.001], Black (RR: 0.61, P<0.001) or Hispanic (RR: 0.87, P<0.001), compared with White Veterans.Conclusions: Receipt of TEC, or both TEC and in-person care, rather than exclusively in-person care, is lower among Asian, Black, and Hispanic Veterans compared with White Veterans, independent of covariates. To promote equity, future work should determine and address root causes of disparities, including digital device access, triage processes, and Veteran experiences.","PeriodicalId":18364,"journal":{"name":"Medical Care","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145091965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Trends in the U.S. Health Care Workforce: A Decade of Staffing and Compensation Practices Across Care Settings. 趋势在美国卫生保健人力：十年的人员配备和补偿实践在整个护理设置。

IF 2.8 2区医学

Medical Care Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-06-25 DOI: 10.1097/MLR.0000000000002179

Nina Rodriguez, Logan D Cho, Stavros G Memtsoudis, Jashvant Poeran

{"title":"Trends in the U.S. Health Care Workforce: A Decade of Staffing and Compensation Practices Across Care Settings.","authors":"Nina Rodriguez, Logan D Cho, Stavros G Memtsoudis, Jashvant Poeran","doi":"10.1097/MLR.0000000000002179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/MLR.0000000000002179","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Nurses are integral to patient care in US hospitals, yet high burnout rates exacerbated by staffing shortages and the COVID-19 pandemic pose challenges in retaining nursing staff. Understanding staffing dynamics and trends in the care team composition is vital to improve care and address the well-being of the health care workforce.Objective: To examine trends in employment and compensation among registered nurses (RNs), physicians, nurse practitioners (NPs), physician assistants (PAs), medical assistants (MAs), licensed practical and vocational nurses (LPN/LVNs), and administrative staff from 2012 to 2022.Methods: Data from the Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS) was utilized to analyze employment and wage trends in hospitals and physician offices. The annual RN-to-physician, NP-to-physician, and PA-to-physician ratios and change in employment and compensation over time were calculated.Results: Although hospital RN employment increased by 12%, this was outpaced by physician (40%), NP (105%), PA (38%), and MA (44%) employment growth. The hospital RN-to-physician ratio declined by 21%, whereas the NP-to-physician and PA-to-physician ratios increased by 46% and 28%, respectively. In offices, the NP-to-physician ratio increased by 107%, whereas the RN-to-physician ratio remained stable. Wage growth for all clinical hospital staff increased around 30%, while physicians saw wage growth of 43%.Discussion: The declining RN-to-physician ratio in hospitals signals a shift in the care team composition. While APP employment has drastically risen, RN growth has lagged significantly behind. Urgent action is needed to optimize staffing strategies to safeguard patient care.","PeriodicalId":18364,"journal":{"name":"Medical Care","volume":"63 9","pages":"666-671"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144821885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Perceived Health Misinformation on Social Media and Public Trust in Health Care. 社交媒体上的感知健康错误信息与公众对医疗保健的信任。

IF 2.8 2区医学

Medical Care Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-06-27 DOI: 10.1097/MLR.0000000000002180

Jim P Stimpson, Sungchul Park, Emily H Adhikari, David B Nelson, Alexander N Ortega

{"title":"Perceived Health Misinformation on Social Media and Public Trust in Health Care.","authors":"Jim P Stimpson, Sungchul Park, Emily H Adhikari, David B Nelson, Alexander N Ortega","doi":"10.1097/MLR.0000000000002180","DOIUrl":"10.1097/MLR.0000000000002180","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: Investigate the association between perceptions of health misinformation on social media and trust in the health care system among US adults, and to assess whether this association varies by frequency of health care visits, perceived health care quality and experiences of medical care discrimination.Methods: Cross-sectional survey study using data from the 2022 Health Information National Trends Survey 6 (HINTS 6). Analysis was conducted on data collected from March to November 2022. Participants included 3805 adults who reported using social media and had at least one health care visit in the past year. Survey-weighted, multivariable logistic regression models were used to assess associations.Results: Among those who reported high trust in the health care system, 65.1% perceived less than substantial health misinformation on social media, whereas 34.9% perceived substantial misinformation. In multivariable models, participants who perceived substantial health misinformation on social media had higher odds of reporting low trust in the health care system (OR: 1.66; 95% CI: 1.11-2.48). This association between misinformation and trust varied by perceived health care quality and experiences of discrimination. Among those perceiving less than substantial misinformation, the probability of low trust was 11% (95% CI: 9-13) for individuals without medical care discrimination and 33% (95% CI: 20-45) for those reporting discrimination. The interactions between misinformation and health care visit frequency and quality were not statistically significant.Conclusions: Perceptions of substantial social media health misinformation were associated with lower trust in the US health care system, particularly among individuals reporting experiences of medical care discrimination.","PeriodicalId":18364,"journal":{"name":"Medical Care","volume":"63 9","pages":"686-693"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12412888/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144821882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Is Home Health Care Associated With "Good" or "Bad" Readmissions After Sepsis? 家庭保健与败血症后再入院的“好”或“坏”有关吗？

IF 2.8 2区医学

Medical Care Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-06-30 DOI: 10.1097/MLR.0000000000002173

Anupama Goyal, Stephanie Taylor

引用次数: 0

The Impact of Integrated Home-Based Primary Care on Continuity and Outcomes of Care Among the Community Homebound Older Adults in Taiwan. 综合居家初级照护对台湾社区居家长者照护的延续性及结局之影响。

IF 2.8 2区医学

Medical Care Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-06-26 DOI: 10.1097/MLR.0000000000002183

Meng-Tse Li, Yu-Chi Tung, Kuan-Liang Kuo

{"title":"The Impact of Integrated Home-Based Primary Care on Continuity and Outcomes of Care Among the Community Homebound Older Adults in Taiwan.","authors":"Meng-Tse Li, Yu-Chi Tung, Kuan-Liang Kuo","doi":"10.1097/MLR.0000000000002183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/MLR.0000000000002183","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: The homebound older adults are often at risk of poor care outcomes due to disability and limited access to health care. Home health care services have been developed to improve various outcomes of care. Since the initiation of the integrated home-based primary care (iHBPC) program in Taiwan, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of the iHBPC program on continuity and outcomes of care among the homebound older adults.Methods: Electronic medical records of all homebound older adults receiving home health care services from March 1, 2016 to April 30, 2022, in a hospital system in Taiwan were analyzed. Continuity and outcomes of care 12 months before and after participation in the iHBPC program were observed and compared with the control group by the propensity score matching method. Multivariate generalized estimating equation regression with the difference-in-difference method was performed after adjustment for patient characteristics to evaluate the impact of the iHBPC program on the number of physicians seen, emergency department visits, hospitalizations, and inpatient days.Results: A total of 912 patients were included. After propensity score matching, the intervention group participating in the iHBPC program for 12 months decreased the number of physicians seen, emergency department visits, hospitalizations, and inpatient days compared with the control group.Conclusions: The iHBPC program under Taiwan's universal health care system improved continuity and outcomes of care for the homebound older adults by enhancing the accessibility, comprehensiveness, and coordination of health care. The promotion of this feasible and effective policy is anticipated to create additional benefits in the future.","PeriodicalId":18364,"journal":{"name":"Medical Care","volume":"63 9","pages":"703-710"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144821884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Patterns of Medical Care Cost by Service Type Associated With Lung Cancer Screening. 不同服务类型与肺癌筛查相关的医疗费用模式。

IF 2.8 2区医学

Medical Care Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-06-02 DOI: 10.1097/MLR.0000000000002169

Kris Wain, Mahesh Maiyani, Nikki M Carroll, Rafael Meza, Robert T Greenlee, Christine Neslund-Dudas, Michelle R Odelberg, Caryn Oshiro, Debra P Ritzwoller

{"title":"Patterns of Medical Care Cost by Service Type Associated With Lung Cancer Screening.","authors":"Kris Wain, Mahesh Maiyani, Nikki M Carroll, Rafael Meza, Robert T Greenlee, Christine Neslund-Dudas, Michelle R Odelberg, Caryn Oshiro, Debra P Ritzwoller","doi":"10.1097/MLR.0000000000002169","DOIUrl":"10.1097/MLR.0000000000002169","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Lung cancer screening (LCS) enhances early stage cancer detection; however, its impact on health care costs in real-world clinical settings is not well understood. The objective of this study was to assess changes in health care costs during the 12 months before LCS compared with the 12 months after.Methods: This retrospective study analyzed health care costs based upon Medicare's fee-for-service reimbursement system using data from the Population-based Research to Optimize the Screening Process Lung Consortium. We included individuals who met age and smoking LCS eligibility criteria and were engaged within 4 health care systems between February 5, 2015, and December 31, 2021. Generalized linear models estimated health care costs from the payer perspective during 12 months prior and 12 months post baseline LCS. We compared these costs to eligible individuals who did not receive LCS. Secondary analyses examined costs among the sample who completed LCS by positive versus negative scan results. We reported mean predicted costs with average values for all other explanatory variables.Results: We identified 10,049 eligible individuals who received baseline LCS and 15,233 who did not receive LCS. Receipt of LCS was associated with additional costs of $3698 compared with individuals not receiving LCS. Secondary analyses found costs increased by $11,664 among individuals with positive scans; however, no increases occurred among individuals with negative scans.Conclusion: These findings suggest LCS was only associated with increased health care costs among patients with a positive scan. LCS is a potentially cost-effective approach to identify early stage lung cancer. Healthcare systems should prioritize strategies to improve LCS participation.","PeriodicalId":18364,"journal":{"name":"Medical Care","volume":" ","pages":"656-665"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144225876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Economic Costs of Chronic Pain-United States, 2021. 慢性疼痛的经济成本——美国，2021年。

IF 2.8 2区医学

Medical Care Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-03 DOI: 10.1097/MLR.0000000000002181

Gery P Guy, Gabrielle F Miller, Jaswinder K Legha, S Michaela Rikard, Andrea E Strahan, Christina Mikosz, Curtis S Florence

{"title":"Economic Costs of Chronic Pain-United States, 2021.","authors":"Gery P Guy, Gabrielle F Miller, Jaswinder K Legha, S Michaela Rikard, Andrea E Strahan, Christina Mikosz, Curtis S Florence","doi":"10.1097/MLR.0000000000002181","DOIUrl":"10.1097/MLR.0000000000002181","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Chronic pain affects more than 1 in 5 adults in the United States. Understanding the economic burden of chronic pain can inform interventions and strategies to improve the quality of life for individuals with chronic pain.Objective: To estimate the economic cost of chronic pain in the United States in 2021.Research design: A cross-sectional analysis estimating the economic costs of chronic pain in 2021.Subjects: In 2021, 6445 (representing 65.8 million) adults with chronic pain were identified using ICD-10-CM codes from the nationally representative Medical Expenditure Panel Survey.Measures: Direct medical costs were examined by source of payment and service type. Indirect morbidity costs were estimated from lost productivity from employment disability and missed workdays. We evaluated the economic burden of chronic pain by estimating excess costs among individuals with chronic pain compared with individuals without chronic pain using multivariable regression.Results: Individuals with chronic pain had additional total annual medical expenditures of $8068 and additional lost productivity of $2923 per person compared with individuals without chronic pain. In 2021, the economic costs of chronic pain in the United States were estimated to be $722.8 billion, including $530.6 billion in medical care costs and $192.2 billion in lost work productivity.Conclusions: The economic costs of chronic pain are substantial, resulting in excess health care expenditures and lost productivity costs. These findings highlight the importance of interventions and strategies aimed at providing high-quality, accessible, low-barrier, cost-effective pain care to improve quality of life and reduce disruptions in work among adults with chronic pain.","PeriodicalId":18364,"journal":{"name":"Medical Care","volume":" ","pages":"679-685"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144742664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Response to Letter to the Editor by Drs Goyal and Taylor. 对Goyal博士和Taylor博士给编辑的信的回应。

IF 2.8 2区医学

Medical Care Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-06-30 DOI: 10.1097/MLR.0000000000002172

Sang Bin You, Jiyoun Song, Jesse Y Hsu, Kathryn H Bowles

引用次数: 0