Wheat and Barley Research最新文献

{"title":"Barley diseases and their management- an Indian perspective","authors":"O. P. Gangwar, S. C. Bhardwaj, G. Singh, P. Prasad, Subodh Kumar","doi":"10.25174/2249-4065/2018/83844","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25174/2249-4065/2018/83844","url":null,"abstract":"Barley is an important coarse cereal, cultivated in Rabi season, particularly in the states of Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Bihar, Punjab, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh and Jammu & Kashmir. Currently, it covers an area of about 0.66 million hectares under rainfed and irrigated crop. Seventy per cent produce is used for cattle and poultry feed, 25% in industries for manufacturing malt and malt extracts and rest 5% for human consumption. The straw is also used for animal feed, bedding and to cover roofs of houses. Barley grains demand is increasing continuously because of its various uses and high nutritive value. Therefore, a substantial yield gains will be needed over the next several decades. A number of biotic and abiotic factors pose a challenge to increase production of barley. Barley diseases prominently rusts, net blotch, spot blotch, Septoria speckled leaf blotch, stripe disease, powdery mildew, barley yellow dwarf and molya disease are the major biotic constraints in enhancing the barley grain production. Other diseases like black point and smuts, are important from industrial point of view because these deteriorate the quality of malt and beer. This review seeks to provide an overview of different barley diseases and their management.","PeriodicalId":183623,"journal":{"name":"Wheat and Barley Research","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117196289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of exotic barley genotypes for adaptation, yield and its component traits under irrigated conditions of North West India","authors":"P. S. Grewal, S. Kaur","doi":"10.25174/2249-4065/2018/83436","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25174/2249-4065/2018/83436","url":null,"abstract":"Field evaluation of 24 exotic barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) genotypes for adaptation, yield and its component traits along with two national checks BH946 (six-row) and DWRUB52 (two-row) was carried out at Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India under irrigated conditions over two crop seasons 2014-15 and 2015-16. Temperature and precipitation prevailing during two crop seasons significantly influenced all the parameters except grains per spike, ear length and 1000-grain weight. High rainfall resulted in significant crop lodging (20-100% lodging) during year 2014-15 in genotypes IBYT 2, 5, 6, 11, 14, 16, 17, 19, 20, 21, 24 and check BH946 which caused significant yield reduction. High temperature during 2015-16 caused significant reduction in phenological stages such as days to heading, days to maturity in all genotypes. Grain filling period, which is major factor responsible for bold grains, also reduced in all the genotypes except IBYT 1, 2 and 23. Two entries, IBYT 14 and IBYT 21 were significantly earlier in heading than the best check DWRUB52 (94.3 days) by 5 days and 3 days, respectively. Exotic genotype IBYT4 is also a short-stature (96.3 cm height) genotypes, performed well for tiller number per meter, grains per spike and ear length. Genotype IBYT 18 possessed desirable values for grains per spike and 1000-grain weight. All exotic genotypes produced significantly lower grain yield (2.1-4.3 t/ ha) than check DWRUB52 (4.9 t/ha). Six exotic genotypes (IBYT 18, IBYT 5, IBYT 7, IBYT 20, IBYT 21 and IBYT 23) with grain yield at par with check BH946 (3.9 t/ha) were identified and may be used in breeding programme for widening the genetic base of six rowed barley germplasm.","PeriodicalId":183623,"journal":{"name":"Wheat and Barley Research","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121925655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic variability and association study in some hulled and hulless genotypes of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)in north western Himalayan region","authors":"Ajay Kumar, Naval Kishore, R. Devlash, Gurudev Singh","doi":"10.25174/2249-4065/2018/83717","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25174/2249-4065/2018/83717","url":null,"abstract":"The experimental material comprising of 31 genotypes along with four checks of barley were evaluated in Randomized Block Design with three replications over two years during Rabi, 2016-17 and Rabi, 201718. Sufficient genetic variability was observed for all the characters in pooled over environments. High PCV and GCV (>20%) values alongwith high heritability coupled with high genetic advance was recorded for number of grains per spike, biological yield per plant and seed yield per plant which indicated the predominance of additive gene action. Association study showed significant and positive correlation of biological yield per plant, number of grains per spike and number of tillers per plant with seed yield per plant. Path coefficient analysis also exhibited high positive direct and indirect contributions of these traits towards seed yield per plant indicating further selection based on these traits for effective improvement in barley.","PeriodicalId":183623,"journal":{"name":"Wheat and Barley Research","volume":"153 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123601324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inheritance and combining ability of grain yield in half diallel barley population","authors":"M. Patial, D. Pal, R. Kapoor, K. K. Pramanick","doi":"10.25174/2249-4065/2018/83278","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25174/2249-4065/2018/83278","url":null,"abstract":"Studies on genetic control of grain yield are of great importance for devising effective breeding programmes for yield gain in barley. Hence, inheritance of grain yield, heterosis and combining ability were investigated in barley population obtained from half-diallel crossing among 7 parental lines. The analysis of variance revealed that mean squares due to genotypes were highly significant for grain yield indicating wide diversity among the parental materials used in the study. Mean squares of general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA), the ratio of GCA to SCA mean squares and portion of additive and dominance variances showed, importance of both additive and non-additive gene effects for grain yield. The non significant ratio of GCA to SCA mean square highlighted that non-additive gene effects were more important than additive effects. Distribution of dominant and recessive alleles in parents were asymmetrical and parents possess majority of recessive alleles. Since average degree of dominance has values greater than 1, which indicated over-dominance type of gene action in the inheritance of the grain yield. The parent BHS400 was considered suitable according to its yield capacities and general combining ability effects. Only 2 crosses viz., BHS400 X RD2660 and BHS400 X RD2552 had significant higher grain yield than that of the check variety (BHS400), high significant SCA values and high significant useful heterosis values. Considering average narrow-sense heritability and over-dominant effects in genetic control of grain yield it is better to postpone selection for this trait until advanced breeding generations.","PeriodicalId":183623,"journal":{"name":"Wheat and Barley Research","volume":"71 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127422664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Barley: Global challenges and perspectives under non-tropical dry areas","authors":"R. Verma","doi":"10.25174/2249-4065/2018/85893","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25174/2249-4065/2018/85893","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":183623,"journal":{"name":"Wheat and Barley Research","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116078748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of genetic diversity based on quality and morphological characters in spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L em Thell)","authors":"Shemshat Eyebernova, R. K. Sharma, A. Singh, A. Ahlawat, Y. K. Kala","doi":"10.25174/2249-4065/2018/78823","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25174/2249-4065/2018/78823","url":null,"abstract":"Wheat (Triticum aestivum L Em Thell) is the leading staple food crop globally which contribute about 30 % of global cereal production. It is being grown in 218.5 million hectare area with an average productivity of 3.26 tonnes/ ha (FAO, 2014). Wheat has a unique property of having a storage protein called ‘Gluten’, which has viscoelastic nature due to which it can be processed into the large number of end products. Currently, only 15 to 18 per cent of total wheat produced in India is used by roll flour mills. Of the remaining harvested wheat less than 7 per cent goes as seed and for grain export. The remaining 76+ percent is used by the village based unorganized stone roller grinding mills to produce whole grain Atta that is used for Chapati (Nagarajan 2013). When wheat grains are grounded without the aleuron layer and seed embryo the resultant white flour is called Maida. Whole wheat is rich in gluten, a protein conglomerate that increases the elasticity of the dough. From Maida, pan bread, noodles, cakes, biscuit and pizza can be made. For every good quality product specific and adapted wheat flour is required (Nagarajan 2013).","PeriodicalId":183623,"journal":{"name":"Wheat and Barley Research","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127843835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DWAP 1531: An early maturing bold seeded bread wheat germplasm for warmer areas","authors":"S. Singh, R. Gangwar, Pradeep Sharma","doi":"10.25174/2249-4065/2018/82263","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25174/2249-4065/2018/82263","url":null,"abstract":"The wheat growing areas in the country has been divided into five mega zones and the wheat crop in four zones namely, North Western Plains Zone (NWPZ), North Eastern Plains Zone (NEPZ), Central Zone (CZ) and Peninsular Zone (PZ) experiences warmer climatic conditions during grain growth period. The wheat production is adversely affected in these areas as grain yield and its components were reported as a function of variable responses of different genotypes to heat in different stages of wheat development (Lillemo et al., 2005; Yildirim and Bahar, 2010). Grain mass is the most important character to confer heat tolerance (Reynolds et al. , 1994) but the variation among genotypes for grain yield under heat stress is due to a larger variation in number of spikelets per spike and number of grains (Shpiler and Blum, 1986). Lower grain yields were reported due to susceptibility of the genotype to heat during the grain filling stage as demonstrated by the reduction percentage in 1000-grains weight (Pimental et al., 2015). The effect of warmer climatic conditions on grain yield due to reduction in grain number and 1000-grains weight was also reported by Modarressi et al. (2010). Therefore, these traits along with spike length, were appointed by Farooq et al. (2011) as essential for selection of heat tolerant genotypes. Keeping these in view, it was felt that there is need to develop early maturing genotypes that can avoid warmer temperatures and, proper grain filling in these genotypes resulting in bolder seeds to sustain the adverse climatic conditions. Research efforts were made to combine adaptability traits into high yielding wheat varieties in order to get improved germplasm adapted to warmer areas. A large number of germplasm lines have been developed in the warmer area programme of the IIWBR, Karnal and being contributed in national nurseries for multi-location evaluation and sharing with cooperating centres. During 2015-16, a total of 12 wheat genotypes, developed in warmer area programme, were contributed in Yield Component Screening Nursery (YCSN). Among these, the germplasm line DWAP 1531 has been found promising for early heading and maturity possessing bolder seeds.","PeriodicalId":183623,"journal":{"name":"Wheat and Barley Research","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129034580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Growth, productivity and nutrient uptake of barley (Hordeum vulgare) as influenced by different varieties and clipping management","authors":"B. S. Dhillon, R. S. Uppal","doi":"10.25174/2249-4065/2018/81019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25174/2249-4065/2018/81019","url":null,"abstract":"A field experiment was conducted at research farm of Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana during winter (rabi) seasons of 201516 and 2016-17 to study the effect of different varieties and clipping management on growth, productivity and nutrient uptake of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Variety DWRUB 52 produced significantly higher dry-matter, tiller count, grain yield, straw yield and nutrients uptake (N, P, K and Zn) than PL 807 and PL 426, while plant height of this variety was statistically similar with PL 807. Zn foliar spray at anthesis and early milk stage with clipping increased the plant height and dry matter of crop, while clipping alone reduced these growth parameters. Grain yield of control crop was statistically similar with both clipping stages viz. at 50 and 60 DAS. However, there was an increase of 5.7% in the grain yield when clipping was done at 50 DAS over no clipping. Clipping at 50 and 60 DAS along with Zn application brought about 13.1 and 8.5% increased the grain yield over control crop. Zn foliar application significantly increased the nitrogen, phosphorous, potassium and zinc nutrients uptake by grain and straw of barley crop than control.","PeriodicalId":183623,"journal":{"name":"Wheat and Barley Research","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127051169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nitrogen stress induced changes in root system architecture (RSA) in diverse wheat (T. aestivum L.) genotypes at seedling stage","authors":"C. Nagar, G. Gayatri, S. K. Sinha, K. Venkatesh, P. Mandal","doi":"10.25174/2249-4065/2018/81209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25174/2249-4065/2018/81209","url":null,"abstract":"Improvement of Nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) in field crops is very important for reducing the cost of production, sustainable agriculture, reduce energy consumption for the production of chemical fertilizer and mitigates the environment pollution. It is more so in case of major cereals like wheat, where the NUE is 40%. N Uptake, assimilation, utilization and remobilization are the components of NUE. N Utilization by shoot primarily depends on available resources which in turn determine by N uptake by root system. Amount of N forage by different genotype under different N regime is primarily determined by Root system architecture (RSA) and transporters. Here in this study, we are reporting a procedure of comparing N uptake in relation to root development and biomass among nine diverse genotypes of wheat seedling under N-stress and N-optimum condition. Biomass analysis showed significant increase in root dry weight due to N-stress in genotype HD-2967. In general shoots biomass reduced under N-stress condition. VL-401 exhibited significantly higher N-uptake under N-stress condition, where as it was least in case of GW-322 followed by Kalyansona. Fifteen RSA parameters were analyzed for all the nine genotypes, under both N-stress as well as N-optimum condition. All the RSA parameters except number of Forks and 2nd Order LR number showed higher values in N-stress as compare to N-optimum condition. However, six parameters namely TRS, PA, SA, Root volume, Main total length, and first order length increased significantly. Present study also identified two most contrasting genotypes VL-401 and WH147 based on RSA.","PeriodicalId":183623,"journal":{"name":"Wheat and Barley Research","volume":"42 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120937183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of physiological traits at seedling stage associated with salt tolerance in wheat variety KH 65 using RILs","authors":"Rajni Devi, S. Ram, A. Verma, V. Pande, G. Singh","doi":"10.25174/2249-4065/2018/79735","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25174/2249-4065/2018/79735","url":null,"abstract":"Salinity is a major stress affecting production and productivity of wheat across the world. Understanding physiological traits associated with salt tolerance can help in breeding for improving wheat under salt stress. In the present investigation, physiological traits in 3rd leaf at seedling stage and grain yield at maturity were studied in a population of RILs derived from a cross between salt tolerant (Kharchia 65) and susceptible (HD 2009) cultivars under control (pH 8.2) and sodic condition (pH 9.2) in microplots. Though, HD 2009 had higher yield under control conditions, it exhibited higher reduction in yield (44.7%) under sodic stress as compared to KH 65 (9.8%). There was asignificantly lower accumulation of Na+ content and higher accumulation of K+, proline and chlorophyll content in 3rd leaf of KH 65 as compared to HD 2009 under sodic stress. Na+ content exhibited significant negative correlation (P<0.01) while K+/Na+ ratio, proline content and chlorophyll content showed significant positive correlation (P<0.01) with grain yield (GY) under sodic condition. First and second principal component analysis (PCA) explained total variation of 66.43% (PCI 50.18 % and PCII 16.25%) among different traits under sodic conditions. Na+ content made independent group with strong negative correlation with grain yield and K+/Na+ ratio while proline content and thousand grain weight (TGW) were grouped together along with GY. The study demonstrated that low Na+ concentration and high K+/Na+ ratio, proline and chlorophyll content at seedling stage are important physiological traits contributing towards yield under sodic stress. The information is useful in breeding programme of wheat for salt tolerance.","PeriodicalId":183623,"journal":{"name":"Wheat and Barley Research","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130974216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}