Reinvention: an International Journal of Undergraduate Research最新文献

The Power of Perspective: Analysing the Human Experience Within Macro and Micro Social Structures 透视的力量:分析宏观和微观社会结构中的人类经验

Reinvention: an International Journal of Undergraduate Research Pub Date : 2023-04-29 DOI: 10.31273/reinvention.v16i1.1353

E. Pearson

引用次数: 0

An Appraisal of the Work of Gustave Le Bon Within the Case Studies of Fascist Spain (1936–1975) and Nazi Germany (1933–1945) 以法西斯西班牙(1936-1975)和纳粹德国(1933-1945)为例对古斯塔夫·勒邦作品的评价

Reinvention: an International Journal of Undergraduate Research Pub Date : 2023-04-29 DOI: 10.31273/reinvention.v16i1.1196

Benjamin Galbraith

引用次数: 0

You Had Better Check the Facts: Reader Agency in the Identification of Machine-Generated Medical Fake News 你最好检查事实:读者机构在识别机器生成的医疗假新闻

Reinvention: an International Journal of Undergraduate Research Pub Date : 2023-04-29 DOI: 10.31273/reinvention.v16i1.964

Barbora Daňková

{"title":"You Had Better Check the Facts: Reader Agency in the Identification of Machine-Generated Medical Fake News","authors":"Barbora Daňková","doi":"10.31273/reinvention.v16i1.964","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31273/reinvention.v16i1.964","url":null,"abstract":"During the COVID-19 pandemic, much fake news emerged in the medical field (Naeem et al., 2020: 1). Nowadays, computers can generate text considered to be more trustworthy than text written by a person (Zellers et al., 2019). This means that laypeople are able to produce disinformation; however, they may not understand the implications. This study revealed the most reliable clues as guidance to spot machine writing. While natural-language processing (NLP) research focuses on L1 speakers, studies in second language acquisition demonstrate that L1 and L2 speakers attend to different aspects of English (Scarcella, 1984; Tsang, 2017). In this study, social media users completed a Turing-test style quiz, guessed whether news excerpts were machine generated or human written (Saygin et al., 2000) and identified errors that guided their decision. Quantitative analysis revealed that although both L1 and L2 speakers were equally able to defend themselves against machine-generated fake news, L2 participants were more sceptical, labelling more human-written texts as being machine generated. This is possibly due to concern about the stigma associated with being fooled by a machine due to lower language levels. However, factual errors and internal contradictions were the most reliable indicators of machine writing for both groups. This emphasises the importance of fact-checking when news articles prioritise exaggerated headlines, and NLP tools enable production of popular content in areas like medicine.","PeriodicalId":183531,"journal":{"name":"Reinvention: an International Journal of Undergraduate Research","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116894031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

How is Sociological Knowledge Possible? Influences of Kantian Epistemology in Max Weber’s ‘Verstehende Soziologie’ and the Problem of Objectivity 社会学知识如何成为可能?康德认识论对韦伯“社会主义”的影响与客观性问题

Reinvention: an International Journal of Undergraduate Research Pub Date : 2023-04-29 DOI: 10.31273/reinvention.v16i1.1187

Ümit Ege Atakan

{"title":"How is Sociological Knowledge Possible? Influences of Kantian Epistemology in Max Weber’s ‘Verstehende Soziologie’ and the Problem of Objectivity","authors":"Ümit Ege Atakan","doi":"10.31273/reinvention.v16i1.1187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31273/reinvention.v16i1.1187","url":null,"abstract":"Kant’s ‘Copernican Revolution’ has caused a radical change in the common-sense theory of knowledge. The subject became the centre and the necessary premise for the validity of the objective world. This change in the understanding of knowledge has best manifested itself in Weber’s ‘Verstehende Soziologie’. Therefore, in order to understand the Weberian sociological method and to be able to detect the possible problems that may arise from his sociology, a better grasp of what Kantian epistemology is and in what ways it has influenced Weberian sociology is needed. Accordingly, this paper will firstly analyse Kantian epistemology with a special emphasis on transcendental idealism, and will expand and explain in detail Weber’s ‘Verstehende Soziologie’. Next, the paper will show how Weberian sociology relates to Kantian epistemology through the construction of ideal types. Before concluding, the focus moves to the objectivity claim of both Kantian epistemology and Weberian sociology and shows how objectivity arises from subjectivity through the establishment of causality. Finally, the paper will propose an objection to the objectivity claim of Weberian sociology and will argue that Kantian epistemology, when adopted as a method of sociology, becomes reflexive and threatens to deprive sociology of its objectivity claim.","PeriodicalId":183531,"journal":{"name":"Reinvention: an International Journal of Undergraduate Research","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116559164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Conflict Between Public Health And Civil Liberties: The Initial UK Government Policy Response to the Covid-19 Pandemic 公共卫生与公民自由之间的冲突:英国政府对Covid-19大流行的初步政策反应

Reinvention: an International Journal of Undergraduate Research Pub Date : 2023-04-29 DOI: 10.31273/reinvention.v16i1.978

Minaa Mujib

{"title":"The Conflict Between Public Health And Civil Liberties: The Initial UK Government Policy Response to the Covid-19 Pandemic","authors":"Minaa Mujib","doi":"10.31273/reinvention.v16i1.978","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31273/reinvention.v16i1.978","url":null,"abstract":"This paper aims to illustrate the tension between public health and civil liberties through the case study of the UK government’s emergency response to the Covid-19 pandemic. In the area of public health, this tension is predominantly approached by reference to two theories: liberalism and communitarianism. This paper studies these positions and how they are manifested in evidence-based policymaking by combining a study of public health policy with a study of public health ethics. The studies help demonstrate the UK government’s framing of health policy relating to Covid-19 in terms of liberalism and communitarianism. The paper concludes that in the initial UK government response to Covid-19, the government discourse evoked communitarian values and framed its policies as being evidence-led and as prioritising public health. However, the policy measures themselves manifested liberal values: they had the underlying concern of not infringing excessively on civil liberties, and individuals were given autonomy of decision making within the measures that were taken. The article concluded that emergency times require a communitarian response based on preventative action. This article is the first to combine public health policy with public health ethics to demonstrate how values form a key part of decision making.","PeriodicalId":183531,"journal":{"name":"Reinvention: an International Journal of Undergraduate Research","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115617486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Beyond the Nuclear Ideal: A Qualitative Analysis of Forum Posts by Single Mothers by Choice 超越核理想:单身母亲选择论坛帖子的定性分析

Reinvention: an International Journal of Undergraduate Research Pub Date : 2023-04-29 DOI: 10.31273/reinvention.v16i1.950

Martha Dean-Tozer

{"title":"Beyond the Nuclear Ideal: A Qualitative Analysis of Forum Posts by Single Mothers by Choice","authors":"Martha Dean-Tozer","doi":"10.31273/reinvention.v16i1.950","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31273/reinvention.v16i1.950","url":null,"abstract":"In 2018, 3.2 per cent of all fertility treatments were undertaken by single patients. Despite this prevalence, there is limited research that explores the experiences of single mothers by choice through sperm donation. Previous studies have highlighted the value of online forums, in terms of accessible support and information sharing with others who have similar experiences. This paper aims to offer an insight into women’s experiences and concerns, and the advice they offer and receive when pursuing this pathway to motherhood. A thematic analysis of an online fertility forum of 39 forum posts by 28 different forum contributors was undertaken. Three themes were identified: ‘Making the choice’, ‘the challenges of becoming a single mother by choice’ and ‘support provided by the forum’. Women seeking solo motherhood through sperm donation appeared to carefully consider this decision, and plan for the potential future challenges. Furthermore, the use of online forums provided a sense of belonging and validation that created a safe space to share experiences. This enabled women to receive support that was presented as a crucial element in their journey to motherhood.","PeriodicalId":183531,"journal":{"name":"Reinvention: an International Journal of Undergraduate Research","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114766286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Radical Landscapes at the Mead Gallery addresses the topic on everyone’s lips 米德画廊(Mead Gallery)的激进景观(Radical Landscapes)讲述了每个人都在谈论的话题

Reinvention: an International Journal of Undergraduate Research Pub Date : 2023-04-29 DOI: 10.31273/reinvention.v16i1.1345

Catherine Laister-Smith

引用次数: 0

The Impact of Adverse Childhood Experiences on the Mental Health Statuses of Students Across Various Ethnic Identities 童年不良经历对不同民族学生心理健康状况的影响

Reinvention: an International Journal of Undergraduate Research Pub Date : 2023-04-29 DOI: 10.31273/reinvention.v16i1.1190

Carissa Samuel, R. Singh, M. Ahmed, Vaidehi Gupta, Setareh Harsamizadeh Tehrani, M. Hom, Nikhita Kandikuppa, Emily Nguyen, Lilly Nusratty, Anusha Sharangpani, Maxwell Su

{"title":"The Impact of Adverse Childhood Experiences on the Mental Health Statuses of Students Across Various Ethnic Identities","authors":"Carissa Samuel, R. Singh, M. Ahmed, Vaidehi Gupta, Setareh Harsamizadeh Tehrani, M. Hom, Nikhita Kandikuppa, Emily Nguyen, Lilly Nusratty, Anusha Sharangpani, Maxwell Su","doi":"10.31273/reinvention.v16i1.1190","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31273/reinvention.v16i1.1190","url":null,"abstract":"Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) are linked to an increased risk of health challenges. This study looked at a diverse sample of students at Ohlone College, a community college in the California Bay Area, to 1) analyse the ethnic groups with the highest ACEs scores and 2) examine the relationship between ACEs and indicators of mental health, including depression, substance-use disorders and self-worth. Using a unique approach to study ethnic identity by incorporating more distinguished ethnic groups, rather than broad categories, our survey found that the two ethnic groups with the highest average ACEs scores were the Afghan American (n = 226) and Native American (n = 229). These two communities, along with the Middle Eastern/North African (MENA) American (n = 228) community, were studied. Through comparison, individuals with high ACEs scores were found most likely to also have higher PHQ-9 scores, higher substance-use disorder symptoms and lower self-worth scores. We concluded that the various societal impacts of ethnic-identity groups must be prioritised as an important facet of mental health. If ethnic identity is included as part of early intervention in situations with abuse and neglect (diagnosis and/or prevention), it may greatly reduce the risk of mental illness.","PeriodicalId":183531,"journal":{"name":"Reinvention: an International Journal of Undergraduate Research","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129099113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Valerie and Her Week of Wonders: Reawakening Czech Cultural Heritage Through the Psychoanalysis of New Wave Surrealism 瓦莱丽和她的奇迹之周:通过新浪潮超现实主义的精神分析重新唤醒捷克文化遗产

Reinvention: an International Journal of Undergraduate Research Pub Date : 2022-10-31 DOI: 10.31273/reinvention.v15i2.905

Toby Phipps

{"title":"Valerie and Her Week of Wonders: Reawakening Czech Cultural Heritage Through the Psychoanalysis of New Wave Surrealism","authors":"Toby Phipps","doi":"10.31273/reinvention.v15i2.905","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31273/reinvention.v15i2.905","url":null,"abstract":"By 1960, Freudian psychoanalysis was commonplace across Europe. Central to this were the concepts of the id, ego and superego – forces pertinent at both an individual and societal level. In an unhealthy subject, according to Freud, these three psychological components fall out of an ideal dynamic balance and must be restored by an intervening external agent. Freud’s theories particularly influenced art – especially the surrealism of the Czech New Wave film movement, which sought to restore the ideal psychological balance by stimulating radical reorganisations of society. A prime example of this is Jaromil Jireš’s film Valerie and Her Week of Wonders (1970), which aimed to rebalance the unstable Czech social dynamic by provoking the audience to reconnect with their historic cultural values and synthesise these with the goals of Communism. This article analyses three key sequences that exemplify this objective: the first illustrates how Valerie (surrogate for the ego) initially vacillates, but ultimately aligns herself with symbols of Czech heritage (representing the id). The second sequence shows Valerie’s ill-fated appeasement strategy of completely aligning with the film’s antagonist (superego). The final sequence is a culmination of these themes, posing possibilities for a new Czech future created by the now activated viewer.","PeriodicalId":183531,"journal":{"name":"Reinvention: an International Journal of Undergraduate Research","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126546862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Sovereignty or Security? Maintaining Peace and The Ambivalent Relationship Between Europe and Washington, 1945–1991 主权还是安全?维护和平与欧洲与华盛顿的矛盾关系，1945-1991

Reinvention: an International Journal of Undergraduate Research Pub Date : 2022-10-31 DOI: 10.31273/reinvention.v15i2.895

Ka-ping. Lau

{"title":"Sovereignty or Security? Maintaining Peace and The Ambivalent Relationship Between Europe and Washington, 1945–1991","authors":"Ka-ping. Lau","doi":"10.31273/reinvention.v15i2.895","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31273/reinvention.v15i2.895","url":null,"abstract":"Among historians, there has been a recurring debate on whether European states lost their de facto sovereignty during the Cold War (1945–1991). While Orthodox Cold War historians claimed that the Europeans were nothing more than chess pieces of the two opposing superpowers, others argued that the continental nations retained autonomy and contributed significantly to the war effort. In response to the academic discussion, this article aims to clarify whether Western European states traded their sovereignty for nuclear and diplomatic protection from the USA. By comparing the policies adopted by Washington and the Europeans – namely the British and French, respectively – I attempt to elucidate the scale of their disagreements and provide a clear analysis of the issue at hand. Upon research, the related literature and first-hand historical sources have demonstrated that: (1) Britain and France played an essential role in initiating the Cold War; (2) Western European states carried out foreign policies that were not in line with Kissinger’s direction during the 1960s and 1970s; (3) Transatlantic diplomatic differences remained in certain policy directions during the 1980s and early 1990s. In general, despite being close strategic allies of Washington, the European states retained their decision-making power.","PeriodicalId":183531,"journal":{"name":"Reinvention: an International Journal of Undergraduate Research","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131460550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0