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Elder Law Studies eJournal最新文献

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Ageing and Unused Capacity in Europe: Is There an Early Retirement Trap? 欧洲的老龄化和闲置产能:是否存在提前退休陷阱?
Elder Law Studies eJournal Pub Date : 2009-06-30 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-0327.2009.00227.x
V. Angelini, A. Brugiavini, G. Weber
{"title":"Ageing and Unused Capacity in Europe: Is There an Early Retirement Trap?","authors":"V. Angelini, A. Brugiavini, G. Weber","doi":"10.1111/j.1468-0327.2009.00227.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0327.2009.00227.x","url":null,"abstract":"\"We address the issue of how early retirement may interact with limited use of financial markets in producing financial hardship later in life, when some risks (such as long-term care) are not insured. We argue that the presence of financially attractive early retirement schemes in a world of imperfect financial and insurance markets can lead to an 'early retirement trap'. Indeed, Europe witnesses many (early) retired individuals in financial distress. In our analysis we use data on 10 European countries, which differ in their pension and welfare systems, in prevailing retirement age and in households' access to financial markets. We find evidence that an early retirement trap exists, particularly in some Southern and Central European countries: people who retired early in life are more likely to be in financial hardship in the long run. Our analysis implies that governments should stop making early retirement attractive, let retirees go back to work, improve access to financial markets and make sure long-term care problems are adequately insured.\" Copyright (c) CEPR, CES, MSH, 2009.","PeriodicalId":183243,"journal":{"name":"Elder Law Studies eJournal","volume":"82 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121957309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 83
Public Long-Term Care Insurance and the Housing and Living Arrangements of the Elderly: Evidence from Medicare Home Health Benefits 公共长期护理保险和老年人的住房和生活安排:来自医疗保险家庭健康福利的证据
Elder Law Studies eJournal Pub Date : 2008-12-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.1360926
Gary V. Engelhardt, Nadia Greenhalgh-Stanley
{"title":"Public Long-Term Care Insurance and the Housing and Living Arrangements of the Elderly: Evidence from Medicare Home Health Benefits","authors":"Gary V. Engelhardt, Nadia Greenhalgh-Stanley","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1360926","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1360926","url":null,"abstract":"We provide empirical evidence on the extent to which long-term care insurance affects the housing and living arrangements of the elderly by examining plausibly exogenous changes in the supply of long-term care insurance through the Medicare program that occurred in the late 1990s. Prior to 1997, Medicare reimbursed home health care agencies on a retrospective-cost basis. Then, starting in October, 1997, as a result of the Balanced Budget Act of 1997 (BBA97), Medicare switched to a system of prospective payments for home health care, which induced state-by-calendar-year variation in the supply of this type of public long-term care insurance. We exploit this variation to econometrically identify the impact on the housing and living arrangements of the elderly, using CPS data from 1995-2000 (before and after the law change). Our estimates indicate that living arrangements are quite responsive to home health care benefits. The estimated elasticity of shared living to benefits is -0.7 over all elderly and -1 for widowed elderly. However, these benefits have little impact on household headship among the elderly. This suggests that the bulk of the shared-living response occurred through co-residents living in elderly households. There is some weak evidence that increases in benefits raised elderly homeownership.","PeriodicalId":183243,"journal":{"name":"Elder Law Studies eJournal","volume":"112 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128062868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Health Insurance Costs and Employment Outcomes by Age 按年龄划分的健康保险费用和就业结果
Elder Law Studies eJournal Pub Date : 2008-05-18 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.1406596
J. Lahey
{"title":"Health Insurance Costs and Employment Outcomes by Age","authors":"J. Lahey","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1406596","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1406596","url":null,"abstract":"Health insurance costs are one reason that employers may be reluctant to hire older workers. Higher health insurance costs are often correlated with other factors of employment, such as firm size, which can also be correlated with employment outcomes. This paper uses state health insurance mandates, which are correlated with higher health care costs, as a source of exogenous variation in an instrumental variables (IV) strategy to identify the causal effects of health care costs on employment of older workers. Using this instrument, I find that increasing health care costs significantly lower men’s employment. Thus it appears that rising health insurance costs for older workers are partly responsible for decreasing employment of older potential workers. Although people with higher health care costs are less likely to be employed, older workers do not seem to be singled out; employment and labor force rates for older potential workers are in fact less affected by higher health care costs than are employment outcomes for younger.","PeriodicalId":183243,"journal":{"name":"Elder Law Studies eJournal","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131634437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Does Work Pay at Older Ages? 老年工作有报酬吗?
Elder Law Studies eJournal Pub Date : 2004-11-01 DOI: 10.2139/SSRN.1148212
B. Butrica, Richard W. Johnson, Karen E. Smith, C. E. Steuerle
{"title":"Does Work Pay at Older Ages?","authors":"B. Butrica, Richard W. Johnson, Karen E. Smith, C. E. Steuerle","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.1148212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.1148212","url":null,"abstract":"Encouraging work at older ages is a critical policy goal for an aging society, but many features of the current system of benefits and taxes provide strong work disincentives. The implicit tax rate on work increases rapidly at older ages, approaching 50 percent for some workers by age 70. In addition, by age 65 people can typically receive nearly as much in retirement as they can by working. If older Americans could overcome these barriers and delay retirement, they could substantially improve their economic well-being at older ages. For example, many people could increase their annual consumption at older ages by more than 25 percent by simply retiring at age 67 instead of age 62.","PeriodicalId":183243,"journal":{"name":"Elder Law Studies eJournal","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123359399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 22
Crowding Out Informal Care? Evidence from a Social Experiment in Germany 排挤非正式护理?来自德国社会实验的证据
Elder Law Studies eJournal Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.1338724
M. Arntz, Stephan L. Thomsen
{"title":"Crowding Out Informal Care? Evidence from a Social Experiment in Germany","authors":"M. Arntz, Stephan L. Thomsen","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1338724","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1338724","url":null,"abstract":"This paper evaluates the effects of a professionally assisted consumer-directed program (Personal Budgets) compared to the standard home care programs of the German long-term care insurance. The evaluation makes use of a long-run social experiment at seven different sites with a random assignment into a treatment group receiving personal budgets and a control group in standard home care programs, i.e. an in-kind benefit (agency care) and cash payments. Compared to agency care personal budgets yield better care outcomes with regard to the overall support of formal and informal caregivers. In contrast, personal budgets do not improve care outcomes compared to the much less generous cash payments due to a strong crowding out of informal by formal care.","PeriodicalId":183243,"journal":{"name":"Elder Law Studies eJournal","volume":"149 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116112284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
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