Mechanics of Materials最新文献

{"title":"Effect of microdamage on the failure of open-hole UD GFRP laminates: A combined experimental and numerical study","authors":"Özgün Şener ,&nbsp;Altan Kayran","doi":"10.1016/j.mechmat.2025.105524","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mechmat.2025.105524","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The effect of microdamaging on the failure of unidirectional Interglas 92145/CR80 GFRP laminates is studied through experiments and a numerical approach combining Enhanced Schapery Theory (EST) and Crack Band Theory (CBT). Open-hole tension tests with various layer configurations, along with flat tensile tests were conducted to examine failure modes and their progression. The initiation and development of failure mechanisms were tracked experimentally using DIC imaging. In the numerical model, the matrix microdamage is represented through dissipated energy-dependent functions derived from standardized mechanical tests. Without discretely modeling splitting cracks, the numerical approach captured narrow zones of fiber and matrix failure coincident with experimentally observed crack paths. Axial, transverse, and shear strain fields from the physical and virtual tests were compared at the critical stages of the testing regimen. Comparison of the strain fields, as well as stress-strain curves from the numerical and experimental studies showed good agreement, suggesting that incorporation of microdamage modeling—rarely implemented in progressive failure analyses—offers potential for improving failure predictions in GFRP laminates.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18296,"journal":{"name":"Mechanics of Materials","volume":"213 ","pages":"Article 105524"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145577802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multiscale plasticity in gradient polycrystalline based on discrete dislocation dynamics","authors":"Qing Luo ,&nbsp;Qingbing Dong ,&nbsp;Xueyu Bai ,&nbsp;Wei Min Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.mechmat.2025.105560","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mechmat.2025.105560","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Materials are naturally polycrystalline, and dislocation-induced plasticity plays a significant role in governing material performance. However, the dislocation evolution involves a complex process of nucleation and annihilation with further interactions when encountering other dislocations and obstacles. In this study, a two-dimensional discrete dislocation dynamic model is developed to study the plastic behavior of gradient polycrystalline, which has been well validated by comparing the solutions with previously reported data. The material hardening mechanism related to grain boundary and obstacle is revealed to be varied with grain size. The gradient yield behavior is investigated for non-uniform grain structure, and the effective grain size is proposed to estimate the yield stress of gradient polycrystalline, which expands the application of the Hall-Petch equation for gradient polycrystalline. The action of local dislocation nucleation is enhanced when subjected to a temperature rise, leading to weaker material strength and the disappearance of the initial pure elastic stage. This study aims to develop a further understanding of the plasticity mechanism and provide valuable insights for the design and optimization of gradient polycrystalline.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18296,"journal":{"name":"Mechanics of Materials","volume":"213 ","pages":"Article 105560"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145691123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predictive performance of viscous potential functions for modeling strain rate sensitivity of soft materials","authors":"Stephen Melly,&nbsp;Aleksander Czekanski","doi":"10.1016/j.mechmat.2025.105547","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mechmat.2025.105547","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Constitutive models are crucial for predicting and optimizing complex material systems via numerical techniques such as the finite element method. In addition to large nonlinear elastic deformation, strain rate sensitivity is an intrinsic mechanical characteristic of soft materials, including elastomers, hydrogels, and biological tissues. Accurate mathematical formulations describing these mechanical characteristics ensure time and cost efficiency, reliability, and improved design performance. Several modeling approaches have been proposed in the literature. The external state variable approach is advantageous thanks to its relative ease in numerical implementation and satisfaction of the principles of thermodynamics. This study presents the predictive capabilities of three different forms of viscous potential functions over five soft materials, including polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel, optically clear adhesive, elastomeric polyurethane, very high bond 4910, and styrene-ethylene-butylene-styrene gel. Accuracy of the predictions was quantified using the coefficient of determination and the normalized mean absolute difference. Results demonstrated that a recently proposed viscous potential function, named model 3 in this study, is relatively accurate and versatile in describing the rate-dependent behavior of soft materials. The results presented herein help researchers and design engineers to select the right models, provide insights into existing limitations, and guide the development of improved and more versatile models.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18296,"journal":{"name":"Mechanics of Materials","volume":"213 ","pages":"Article 105547"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145577803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multiscale compaction behavior of granular composites","authors":"Suraj Ravindran ,&nbsp;Addis Kidane","doi":"10.1016/j.mechmat.2025.105544","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mechmat.2025.105544","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents a multiscale experimental investigation and characterization of the formation and propagation of compaction waves in an energetic material simulant, polymer-bonded sugar (PBS), under impact loading. Local and macroscale deformation measurements during loading were performed using ultrahigh-speed photography combined with digital image correlation (DIC). The compaction wave velocity and propagation parameters were calculated from macroscale experiment data. A weak-shock-type compaction profile with a smooth front was observed at intermediate impact velocities. After a brief period of relatively stable compaction propagation, the wavefront was observed to widen as it propagated. Mesoscale measurements revealed a rough compaction front resulting from the formation of force chains, local viscous flow of the binder, and crystal fracture. The widening of the compaction wave is attributed to energy dissipation caused by viscous binder flow and local crystal fracture. Crystal fractures occurred at relatively low average stress levels and were associated with the formation of force chains. Finally, the effects of impact velocity and volume fraction on local deformation mechanisms during compaction wave formation are discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18296,"journal":{"name":"Mechanics of Materials","volume":"213 ","pages":"Article 105544"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145577867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Discrete element simulations of granular sea ice in triaxial tests under different confining pressures and boundary conditions","authors":"Ali Khosravi ,&nbsp;Peiman Sharifi ,&nbsp;Scott M. Durski ,&nbsp;Jennifer Hutchings","doi":"10.1016/j.mechmat.2025.105567","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mechmat.2025.105567","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Predicting the complete failure behavior of sea ice under varying confinement remains a critical challenge for both engineering design and geophysical modeling. Existing constitutive formulations, such as Mohr–Coulomb, assume linear strength envelopes and therefore cannot capture the nonlinear brittle-to-ductile transition or post-peak strength degradation observed in laboratory tests. To address this limitation, this paper presents a numerical investigation into the compressive behavior of sea ice using the Discrete Element Method (DEM), with a particular emphasis on the effects of confinement and boundary conditions on peak and residual strength. Triaxial compression tests were simulated in PFC^3D using spherical bonded particles and the flat-joint contact model to represent sea ice microstructure. Ice specimens were subjected to a range of confining pressures and boundary conditions varying in wall flexibility and shape to evaluate their influence on both macroscopic strength characteristics and microscale cracking and displacement behavior. For pressure below 3.5 MPa, the DEM model successfully captured the transition from brittle to ductile failure as confinement increased. At low confinement, specimens exhibited abrupt stress drops following peak strength, indicating brittle failure, while higher confinement levels produced gradual softening and elevated residual stresses indicative of ductile response. Microscale analysis confirmed that confinement promotes more distributed cracking and enhanced energy dissipation, stabilizing the post-failure regime. To generalize these findings, a modified Hoek–Brown failure criterion was adapted to characterize sea ice strength behavior under triaxial loading. The model was calibrated using simulation results and experimental data, enabling the derivation of a nonlinear strength envelope and estimation of residual strength as a function of confinement.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18296,"journal":{"name":"Mechanics of Materials","volume":"213 ","pages":"Article 105567"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145733021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Constitutive modeling of the elastoplastic and fatigue behaviors of gradient-nanostructured 316L stainless steels with hierarchical structures","authors":"Linli Zhu ,&nbsp;Kaiyue Fu ,&nbsp;Zizheng Guo ,&nbsp;Bin Gan ,&nbsp;Jitang Fan ,&nbsp;Ligang Sun ,&nbsp;Xiaogui Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.mechmat.2025.105550","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mechmat.2025.105550","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The gradient nanostructured metallic materials possess the excellent mechanical properties, including the high strength, good elongation and fatigue performance. In this work, a microstructure and mechanism-based constitutive model is established to explore the strength-ductility relation and fatigue properties of the gradient nanostructured 316L stainless steel (316LSS) through considering the various microstructure distributions. Inspired by the experimental observation of distinguish distribution of nanograined austenite and martensite phase, nanotwinned austenite grains and coarse grains, the micromechanical constitutive model is developed to describe the axial tensile deformation behaviors of the gradient-nanostructured 316LSS, involving the flow stress for different phases and the contribution of microcracks on plastic deformation. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed constitutive model enables to describe the experimental results successfully, including the yield strength, strain hardening and ductility. Additionally, with considering the gradient distribution evolution of microstructures and the damage evolution during cyclic deformation behavior, the fatigue constitutive model for gradient nanostructured metals is developed to describe the uniaxial tensile cycle characteristics of gradient nanostructured 316LSS. The numerical results show that the strain-controlled cyclic deformation behavior of gradient nanostructured stainless steel can be well described, including the cyclic softening and secondary hardening behaviors. The proposed fatigue constitutive model is also applied to forecast the fatigue behavior of the various amplitudes of the stress and the strain, and the various distribution of the fine-grained martensitic phase, nanotwinned austenite grains and coarse grains. These findings could provide the theoretical basis for regulating the strength-ductility relation and fatigue properties of gradient nanostructured metals.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18296,"journal":{"name":"Mechanics of Materials","volume":"213 ","pages":"Article 105550"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145577804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The relationship between the equivalent viscosity of tin (Sn) and its phase transition under shock compression","authors":"Chongyang Zeng,&nbsp;Jiajun Liu,&nbsp;Ziying Liang,&nbsp;Xiao Wu,&nbsp;ChaoCheng Wei,&nbsp;Xiaojuan Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.mechmat.2025.105549","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mechmat.2025.105549","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The investigation of phase transitions in materials under high pressure has been a prominent topic in the field of high-pressure science. Tin undergoes several phase transformations (fcc (α)→bct (β)→bct (γ)→bco→bcc→hcp) with the pressure increase, which make it an ideal material for investigating the mechanisms of phase transitions under high pressure. In this work, the flyer impact perturbation method was employed to investigate the equivalent viscosity of tin under high pressure. By exploiting the decay propagation characteristics of perturbation shock waves and combining them with numerical simulations of two-dimensional flow fields, the equivalent viscosity coefficient of tin is 90–1980 Pa s at 25–75 GPa. Their significant segmented variation characteristics with pressure are in good agreement with the phase distribution characteristics of tin in certain pressure regions. It is clear that there is a strong correlation between the equivalent viscosity change characteristics and structural phase transitions of corresponding material under high pressure. This work firstly provides new direct evidence for predicting the possible phase transition of materials under high pressure.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18296,"journal":{"name":"Mechanics of Materials","volume":"213 ","pages":"Article 105549"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145621501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Micromechanical model for multiaxial electromechanical behavior in carbon-black-reinforced elastomers","authors":"Nan Hou ,&nbsp;Mahrez Saadedine ,&nbsp;Qiang Guo ,&nbsp;Karim Kandil ,&nbsp;Fahmi Zaïri ,&nbsp;Ning Ding","doi":"10.1016/j.mechmat.2025.105558","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mechmat.2025.105558","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents a comprehensive three-dimensional constitutive model to investigate the interplay between electrical conductivity mechanisms and the biaxial nonlinear mechanical response of carbon-black (CB)-reinforced elastomers. The proposed framework extends previous micromechanical approaches by coupling mechanical reinforcement and electrical transport within a unified continuum description. The reinforcement mechanisms are integrated within a micromechanical framework, capturing near-field direct interactions between CB particles and the surrounding rubber network. Based on Eshelby's inclusion theory, the model explicitly links local stress transfer, interfacial interactions, and particle morphology to the macroscopic response. To account for the hierarchical dispersion of CB, an equivalent particle approach is introduced to represent aggregates, incorporating their size distribution, spatial arrangement, and percolation behavior. The mechanical part of the formulation combines network-based hyperelasticity and viscoelasticity, integrating both the eight-chain and three-chain theories to capture the coupled effects of multiaxiality and inelasticity. The model employs an equivalent circuit tunneling formulation to describe how electrical conductivity evolves with filler content and deformation. This approach establishes a direct correlation between microstructural rearrangements, tunneling resistance, and the progressive breakdown of conductive paths. Progressive damage is incorporated, reflecting CB network breakdown at small deformations and elastomer-filler interface failure at larger deformations. The model capabilities are assessed by analyzing electromechanical performance and failure mechanisms under various deformation modes for styrene-butadiene rubber and natural rubber composites with different CB concentrations. Results demonstrate that the model accurately reproduces the experimentally observed coupling between mechanical reinforcement, conductivity degradation, and deformation mode, highlighting its predictive capability. By integrating micromechanical interactions, network theories, and conduction mechanisms within a single multiscale formulation, this model serves as a robust predictive tool for optimizing conductive elastomers in soft electronics and flexible sensing applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18296,"journal":{"name":"Mechanics of Materials","volume":"213 ","pages":"Article 105558"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145691125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How surface tension influences effective velocities and dispersion of elastic waves in unidirectional porous materials","authors":"Hao Hu,&nbsp;Ming Dai,&nbsp;Cun-Fa Gao","doi":"10.1016/j.mechmat.2025.105564","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mechmat.2025.105564","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Surface stress is known to affect significantly the mechanical behavior of micro- or nano-porous materials. Total surface stress is usually divided into the (initial) surface tension and the surface stretching strain-dependent surface stress related to surface elasticity. The effects of surface elasticity on the effective dynamic properties of porous materials have been well studied in the literature via the use of a simplified version of the Gurtin-Murdoch model which, however, fails to capture corresponding surface tension effects (due to the exclusion of an important surface displacement gradient or equivalently that of the deformation-induced change in the normal direction and curvature of the material surface from this simplified version). In this paper, we employ the complete version of the Gurtin-Murdoch model and the generalized self-consistent method to explore the effects of surface tension on the overall transverse dynamic behavior of a unidirectional porous material. Numerical examples are presented for a soft elastic medium with cylindrical pores at submicron scales. We find that compared with surface elasticity, surface tension plays only a minor role in determining the effective velocity of compressional waves in the microporous medium while it has a comparably significant positive influence on the effective velocity of shear waves (despite the fact that the value of surface tension is much smaller than that of the surface stretching modulus). In particular, we demonstrate that the presence of surface tension reduces significantly the sensitivity of the effective shear-wave velocity to the wave frequency, leading to almost non-dispersive shear wave propagation in the microporous medium in a wide wave-frequency range.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18296,"journal":{"name":"Mechanics of Materials","volume":"213 ","pages":"Article 105564"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145691127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A phenomenological mathematical framework to model homeostasis as a robust, adaptive control system. Similarities with continuum nonlinear physics with internal variables","authors":"Manuel Doblaré ,&nbsp;Marina Pérez-Aliacar ,&nbsp;Jacobo Ayensa-Jiménez ,&nbsp;Mehran Ashrafi","doi":"10.1016/j.mechmat.2025.105546","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mechmat.2025.105546","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Living systems exhibit remarkable resilience to withstand diverse and often extreme environmental conditions. Central to this adaptability are mechanisms like homeostasis and epigenesis. The first refers to the ability of organisms to maintain internal stability amidst external fluctuations, while the second provides organisms with the capacity for adjusting their homeostatic response to persistent environmental stressors. A thorough understanding of these physiological processes is essential for preventing disease, maintaining health, and facilitating recovery.</div><div>We present here a conceptual framework in which homeostasis is modeled as a robust, adaptive, spatially-dependent control system, where the adaptation block is regulated by epigenetic changes. This approach offers a powerful and integrated tool to predict the point-wise evolution of macroscopic biological systems due to short and long term environmental perturbations. Conceptual and methodological similarities with well-established predictive tools in Continuum Physics, particularly Continuum Mechanics, with internal variables are also highlighted.</div><div>After reviewing the problem and stating the equations in two different examples: thermoregulation to illustrate short term homeostasis, and tumor cell plasticity to clarify epigenetic adaptation, we analyze bone remodeling. This is a classic homeostatic process where bone mass and architecture are locally and dynamically regulated in response to mechanical demands and micro-damage accumulation. In here, we assimilate bone remodeling to a damage–repair problem, employing concepts and tools from time-dependent Continuum Damage Mechanics. The possibility of long term adaptation of this regulatory process by epigenesis-induced changes in the control signal reference is also analyzed. This permits to adjust bone microstructure to permanent changes in the mechanical conditions as happens under long periods of low gravity.</div><div>This modeling framework provides a valuable quantitative tool for investigating how organisms cope with environmental challenges, evolve their adaptive response over time, and potentially develop diseases when these regulatory mechanisms fail, offering new avenues for research at the intersection of Biology, Medicine and Engineering.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18296,"journal":{"name":"Mechanics of Materials","volume":"213 ","pages":"Article 105546"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145621502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}