Mechanics of Materials最新文献

{"title":"Permanent strains and post-peak tensile response of concrete by three-phase conceptual modeling","authors":"A.A. Basmaji ,&nbsp;A. Fau ,&nbsp;U. Nackenhorst ,&nbsp;R. Desmorat","doi":"10.1016/j.mechmat.2025.105359","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mechmat.2025.105359","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Plain concrete exhibits pronounced stress softening and permanent strains in uniaxial cyclic tension. The permanent strains in concrete have been measured since the 1980s by repeated tensile loading–unloading sequences. Nevertheless, accurately modeling the permanent strains, as well as the post-peak response, is still a challenge. To overcome it, we propose a conceptual three-phase modeling of concrete discretized by finite elements, consisting of an elastic aggregate phase, a perfectly plastic Interfacial Transition Zone (ITZ), and an anisotropically damaging mortar phase. Damage in mortar is assumed to be anisotropic and governed by extensions. The corresponding anisotropic damage model is a nonlocal one. The positivity of the intrinsic dissipation is checked. Mesh independency is gained by nonlocal integral averaging of the Mazars equivalent strain acting in the damage criterion function. The permanent strain and post-peak response of Terrien (1980) and Gopalaratnam and Shah (1985) experimental tensile references are accurately reproduced.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18296,"journal":{"name":"Mechanics of Materials","volume":"207 ","pages":"Article 105359"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143898639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microscale model for intergranular and transgranular damage and fracture in polycrystalline ceramics","authors":"Tyler Ragan ,&nbsp;Tengyuan Hao ,&nbsp;Daniel Olsen,&nbsp;Min Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.mechmat.2025.105363","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mechmat.2025.105363","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Intergranular and transgranular fracture play a critical role in determining the fracture behavior and toughness of polycrystalline materials. These mechanisms are governed by microstructural features, including grain size, grain shape, grain crystallographic orientations, and grain boundary properties. We present a microstructure-explicit and fracture process-explicit model for elucidating the relationships between the fracture mechanisms, microstructural features, and macroscopic fracture behavior. This cohesive finite element method (CFEM) based model accounts for anisotropic grain constitutive and fracture behaviors and misorientation angle-dependent grain boundary fracture behavior, enabling the explicit resolution of complex crack paths and patterns. The material considered is Silicon Carbide (SiC), for which the model is calibrated using experimental and molecular dynamics data. Simulations under impact loading reveal dependencies of spall strength on grain size and grain shape. Specifically, the spall strength increases with grain size. The grain shape, characterized by the aspect ratio, also exhibits a strong influence on the spall strength, with grains elongated in the direction of impact loading providing up to two-fold increases in the spall strength over aspect ratios in the range of 0.2–10. Analyses reveal that the interplay between intergranular fracture and transgranular fracture is responsible for the observed trends. The promotion of transgranular fracture, particularly in grain fracture sites with high orientation-dependent fracture energies, is essential for the strength enhancement. The findings can be used to identify microstructural configurations that maximize the spall strength under specific conditions. The model presented can also be used to explore microstructure design of other ceramics and ceramic composites.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18296,"journal":{"name":"Mechanics of Materials","volume":"207 ","pages":"Article 105363"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143881763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimation of representative length-scales for heterogeneous brittle materials subjected to high-strain-rate loading","authors":"S. Braroo ,&nbsp;K.T. Ramesh","doi":"10.1016/j.mechmat.2025.105337","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mechmat.2025.105337","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Continuum-scale modeling of dynamic compressive failure of brittle materials has several important applications such as the design of protective structures under impact loading. These materials can often be highly heterogeneous due to the presence of several cracks or other crack-nucleating defects. Since cracking is a dominant failure mechanism in such problems, material heterogeneity (‘microstructure’) also evolves dynamically as a large number of cracks grow in the material. This necessitates a dynamic damage modeling approach since modeling individual cracks explicitly is cost-prohibitive. When mesh-based computational techniques are utilized for such problems, often a need for fine mesh resolution arises to generate high-fidelity results. Most often mesh sensitivity studies focus on optimizing the mesh size for computational cost, and assume that the constitutive formulation itself remains scale-free. In this work, we propose a procedure to establish a ‘representative length-scale’ for dynamically loaded heterogeneous materials, above which the material can be described by an appropriate local constitutive formulation for the purpose of predicting the response during dynamic failure. Microstructural evolution due to cracking is modeled using synthetic microstructures representing the cracking process assuming a Poisson Point process of pre-existing defect centers. A modulus-increment-based criterion is proposed for representative length-scale determination where the change of material modulus as damage progresses is compared across non-local and local constitutive response. The effect of rate of loading on the predicted RL is also quantified. A demonstration of the defect point process determination procedure in the case of a specific advanced engineering ceramic, boron carbide, is also provided.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18296,"journal":{"name":"Mechanics of Materials","volume":"207 ","pages":"Article 105337"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143878644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deciphering grain-boundary composition-structure-mechanical property relationships via interfacial property diagrams","authors":"Shimanta Das,&nbsp;Chongze Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.mechmat.2025.105362","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mechmat.2025.105362","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Grain boundaries (GBs) are planar crystal defects that significantly influence many mechanical properties and deformation processes of polycrystalline materials. Understanding the interfacial structures of GBs and their relationships to mechanical properties is a central topic in materials science. However, characterizing GB structures and their properties often requires highly sophisticated and time-consuming experimental procedures, making it a grand challenge in understanding the GB composition-structure-property relationships. Using copper-silver (Cu-Ag) as a modeling system, we adopted high-throughput atomistic simulations combined with machine learning techniques to uncover the relationships between GB compositions, structures, and mechanical properties by developing GB property diagrams for four types of GBs with different symmetry. These interfacial diagrams reveal that GB local structural features, such as disordering and free volume, plays more important roles in controlling the GB mechanical properties, while Ag segregation plays a minor role. Dislocation analysis shows that nonsymmetric GBs exhibit direction-dependent deformation behaviors, where stacking faults preferentially emitted into the grains with high-index planes accompanied by dislocation nucleation. This study not only expands the existing family of GB diagrams of mechanical properties to include various GB types, but also enhances our fundamental understanding of GB deformation mechanisms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18296,"journal":{"name":"Mechanics of Materials","volume":"207 ","pages":"Article 105362"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143878645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coupling between elastic waves and magnetic spin waves in saturated ferromagnetoelastic plates","authors":"Nian Li ,&nbsp;Jiashi Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.mechmat.2025.105361","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mechmat.2025.105361","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study develops a set of two-dimensional equations for saturated ferromagnetoelastic plates through power series expansion of three-dimensional equations along the plate thickness coordinate. The equations are truncated to zero- and first-order equations for extension and flexure with shear deformation. For a plate of cubic crystals, the derived plate equations split into two groups: one is for flexure with shear deformation and the other is for in-plane extension. These equations enable systematic investigation of coupled elastic and spin wave propagation in plate structures. Magnetoelastic coupling mechanisms are observed through dispersion analysis. Particularly, comparative studies reveal the plate theory's capability and efficiency in characterizing zero- and first-order elastic waves as well as zero- and first-order spin waves. The proposed plate theory provides an effective modeling tool for designing magnetoelastic devices based on the interaction between elastic and spin waves.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18296,"journal":{"name":"Mechanics of Materials","volume":"206 ","pages":"Article 105361"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143852321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A damage model of characterizing the internal damage evolution for DN hydrogel using Multi-Particle Tracking (MPT) method","authors":"Chong Wang ,&nbsp;Yetong Jia ,&nbsp;Jiapeng You ,&nbsp;Jincheng Lei ,&nbsp;Zishun Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.mechmat.2025.105360","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mechmat.2025.105360","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Under large deformation, Double-network (DN) hydrogels show necking phenomenon with the damage propagating inside the polymer network. Although the internal damage mechanism of DN hydrogel has been extensively studied, there is still a lack of the quantitative description for the internal damage evolution of DN hydrogel. In this work, an optical full-field deformation measurement, named as multi-particle tracking (MPT) method, is developed to measure the inhomogeneous deformation field of DN hydrogel. According to observation of the damage accumulation and propagation of DN hydrogel using MPT method, we propose a damage model to describe the entire damage process of DN hydrogel. In the proposed damage model, damage propagation is characterized by phase transition, and stress softening due to damage accumulation is described by a damage constitutive model. The proposed damage model can predict the overall stress-stretch relationship of DN hydrogel in the monotonic loading and cyclic loading tests. Furthermore, we predict size of the fragments of the first network, and explain the mechanism behind the high toughness of DN hydrogel. This study characterizes the internal damage evolution and proves a quantitative description for the inhomogeneous deformation of DN hydrogel.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18296,"journal":{"name":"Mechanics of Materials","volume":"206 ","pages":"Article 105360"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143834163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of microstructural inertia on plastic localization and void growth in porous solids","authors":"N. Hosseini ,&nbsp;T. Virazels ,&nbsp;N. Jacques ,&nbsp;J.A. Rodríguez-Martínez","doi":"10.1016/j.mechmat.2025.105339","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mechmat.2025.105339","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper investigates the impact of microinertia on plastic localization, void growth, and coalescence in ductile porous materials subjected to high strain rates. For that purpose, we have performed finite element calculations on a flat double-notched specimen subjected to dynamic plane strain tension. The simulations employ three distinct approaches to model the mechanical behavior of the porous aggregate: (1) discrete voids within a matrix material governed by von Mises plasticity; (2) homogenized porosity represented using standard quasi-static Gurson–Tvergaard plasticity; and (3) homogenized porosity described with Gurson–Tvergaard plasticity extended by Molinari and Mercier (2001) to account for microinertia effects. The porous microstructures used in the simulations are representative of additive manufactured metals, featuring initial void volume fractions varying between 0.5% and 4%, and pore diameters ranging from <span><math><mrow><mn>30</mn><mspace></mspace><mi>μ</mi><mtext>m</mtext></mrow></math></span> to <span><math><mrow><mn>150</mn><mspace></mspace><mi>μ</mi><mtext>m</mtext></mrow></math></span> (Marvi-Mashhadi et al., 2021, Nieto-Fuentes et al., 2023). The applied tensile velocities ranged from <span><math><mrow><mn>100</mn><mspace></mspace><mtext>m</mtext><mo>/</mo><mtext>s</mtext></mrow></math></span> to <span><math><mrow><mn>1000</mn><mspace></mspace><mtext>m</mtext><mo>/</mo><mtext>s</mtext></mrow></math></span>, producing strain rates between <span><math><mrow><mn>1</mn><msup><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow><mrow><mn>5</mn></mrow></msup><mspace></mspace><msup><mrow><mtext>s</mtext></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span> and <span><math><mrow><mn>1</mn><msup><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow><mrow><mn>6</mn></mrow></msup><mspace></mspace><msup><mrow><mtext>s</mtext></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span>, and stress triaxiality values spanning from 4 to 30. The simulations with discrete voids validate the calculations performed using homogenized porosity and microinertia effects, demonstrating that higher strain rates and larger pore sizes lead to slower void growth and a delayed, regularized plastic localization. Conversely, the standard Gurson–Tvergaard model shows notable mesh sensitivity and fails to describe the influence of the loading rate on plastic localization. Ultimately, the comparison between finite element models with discrete voids and those with homogenized porosity illustrates the stabilizing effects of porous microstructure and multiscale inertia on dynamic plastic flow, while also highlighting the strengths of the constitutive model introduced by Molinari and Mercier (2001) for simulating engineering problems involving porous ductile materials subjected to high-velocity impacts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18296,"journal":{"name":"Mechanics of Materials","volume":"206 ","pages":"Article 105339"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143863483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plane waves in nonlocal elastic–plastic materials containing voids","authors":"Suraj Kumar ,&nbsp;S.K. Tomar","doi":"10.1016/j.mechmat.2025.105344","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mechmat.2025.105344","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Constitutive relations and dynamical equations are derived for nonlocal elastic–plastic solid materials containing voids. The plastic effect is considered through the dislocation of planes from their original position during the deformation process. Four plane waves with distinct speeds are found to travel in the considered medium of infinite extent comprising of three sets of coupled elastic–plastic waves and a lone transverse wave. Each set of the coupled elastic–plastic waves is found to be influenced by nonlocality, plasticity and voids present in the medium. While the lone transverse wave is found to be influenced by the nonlocality only and remains independent of the presence of plasticity and voids in the medium. One of the sets of coupled elastic–plastic waves disappears in the absence of plasticity from the medium. Numerical computations are performed for a particular model to understand the propagation characteristics of the existed waves. The effects of various parameters are noticed on the propagation characteristics, depicted graphically and explained.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18296,"journal":{"name":"Mechanics of Materials","volume":"206 ","pages":"Article 105344"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143843381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Supershear cracks appear along weak interface in semi-regular lattices under pre-tension","authors":"Yuheng Liu ,&nbsp;Xing Yang ,&nbsp;Bin Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.mechmat.2025.105347","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mechmat.2025.105347","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rapid fracture of three semi-regular lattices (kagome, snub-square, elongated-triangular) is studied with pre-stretched strip models of finite element. Considering inherent geometric nonlinearity, the dynamic crack propagation is triggered by suddenly introducing an edge crack along the middle weak interface. We observed that the speed of mode I crack exceeds the shear wave speed of lattices, and tensile crack in the kagome lattice even travels faster than the pressure wave, which shatters the prediction of classical fracture theory. Pre-stretch level dominates the supershear fracture of lattices. As the pre-strain exceeds the critical value of lattice geometry, supershear propagation occurs, which is confirmed by theoretical prediction of the crack speed in lattices. As the crack speed increases further, the oblique shear shock front and pressure shock front form around the crack tip. Moreover, the energy near the crack tip flows toward the crack wake to form shock wave fronts. This study may deepen the understanding of supershear fracture in lattice metamaterials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18296,"journal":{"name":"Mechanics of Materials","volume":"206 ","pages":"Article 105347"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143790801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of position and density of nanoscale voids on fracture initiation in iron from phase field fracture simulation","authors":"An T. Ta ,&nbsp;Yixi Shen ,&nbsp;R. Seaton Ullberg ,&nbsp;Michael R. Tonks ,&nbsp;Simon R. Phillpot ,&nbsp;Douglas E. Spearot","doi":"10.1016/j.mechmat.2025.105348","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mechmat.2025.105348","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Understanding the impact of helium bubbles on crack propagation is complex. A useful first study towards understanding bubble effects on fracture is to examine how voids impact fracture. In this work, we used phase-field fracture simulations to examine the influence of voids and their distribution on Mode I fracture in Fe. Assuming brittle fracture, two simulation configurations were considered: (1) nanoscale systems with one or two voids, and (2) nanoscale systems with an experimentally relevant distribution of voids, with up to 20 % void area. Results from simulations with one and two voids showed that voids within 10 nm of a crack tip reduce the stress required for crack growth, with the magnitude of reduction depending on void-to-crack orientation. Comparisons with linear elastic fracture mechanics and evaluation of one versus two void systems revealed deviations from linear superposition, implying complex interactions between void and crack tip stress fields. In multi-void simulations, as void sizes increase, the nearest void to the crack tip exerts a greater influence on fracture stress than the overall porosity. This study provides valuable insights into the relationship between void size and concentration, and the stress necessary for crack growth, marking a step forward towards understanding He bubble-induced fracture in ferrous materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18296,"journal":{"name":"Mechanics of Materials","volume":"206 ","pages":"Article 105348"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143815615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}